-
Lange, H.R.: Speech synthesis and speech recognition : tomorrow's human-computer interface? (1993)
0.02
0.017229345 = product of:
0.05168803 = sum of:
0.05168803 = weight(_text_:development in 7224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05168803 = score(doc=7224,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16011542 = queryWeight, product of:
3.652261 = idf(docFreq=3116, maxDocs=44218)
0.04384008 = queryNorm
0.32281733 = fieldWeight in 7224, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.652261 = idf(docFreq=3116, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7224)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
- Abstract
- State of the art review of techniques which employ speech as the human-computer interface focusing on current research, implementation and potential for 2 of the speech technologies: speech synthesis, or speech output from the computer; and speech recognition, or speech input to the computer. Provides an introduction to the subject, discusses speech synthesis and speech recognition, examines library applications and looks to future use and development of these technologies
-
Lin, J.; Katz, B.: Building a reusable test collection for question answering (2006)
0.01
0.012922008 = product of:
0.038766023 = sum of:
0.038766023 = weight(_text_:development in 5045) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.038766023 = score(doc=5045,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16011542 = queryWeight, product of:
3.652261 = idf(docFreq=3116, maxDocs=44218)
0.04384008 = queryNorm
0.242113 = fieldWeight in 5045, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.652261 = idf(docFreq=3116, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5045)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
- Abstract
- In contrast to traditional information retrieval systems, which return ranked lists of documents that users must manually browse through, a question answering system attempts to directly answer natural language questions posed by the user. Although such systems possess language-processing capabilities, they still rely on traditional document retrieval techniques to generate an initial candidate set of documents. In this article, the authors argue that document retrieval for question answering represents a task different from retrieving documents in response to more general retrospective information needs. Thus, to guide future system development, specialized question answering test collections must be constructed. They show that the current evaluation resources have major shortcomings; to remedy the situation, they have manually created a small, reusable question answering test collection for research purposes. In this article they describe their methodology for building this test collection and discuss issues they encountered regarding the notion of "answer correctness."
-
Voorhees, E.M.: Question answering in TREC (2005)
0.01
0.007991524 = product of:
0.023974571 = sum of:
0.023974571 = product of:
0.07192371 = sum of:
0.07192371 = weight(_text_:29 in 6487) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07192371 = score(doc=6487,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1542157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.04384008 = queryNorm
0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 6487, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6487)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
- Date
- 29. 3.1996 18:16:49
-
Ferret, O.; Grau, B.; Hurault-Plantet, M.; Illouz, G.; Jacquemin, C.; Monceaux, L.; Robba, I.; Vilnat, A.: How NLP can improve question answering (2002)
0.00
0.003995762 = product of:
0.011987286 = sum of:
0.011987286 = product of:
0.035961855 = sum of:
0.035961855 = weight(_text_:29 in 1850) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.035961855 = score(doc=1850,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1542157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.04384008 = queryNorm
0.23319192 = fieldWeight in 1850, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1850)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 29(2002) nos.3/4, S.135-155
-
Srihari, R.K.: Using speech input for image interpretation, annotation, and retrieval (1997)
0.00
0.0039598173 = product of:
0.011879452 = sum of:
0.011879452 = product of:
0.035638355 = sum of:
0.035638355 = weight(_text_:22 in 764) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.035638355 = score(doc=764,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1535205 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.04384008 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 764, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=764)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
-
Rösener, C.: ¬Die Stecknadel im Heuhaufen : Natürlichsprachlicher Zugang zu Volltextdatenbanken (2005)
0.00
0.0026638412 = product of:
0.0079915235 = sum of:
0.0079915235 = product of:
0.02397457 = sum of:
0.02397457 = weight(_text_:29 in 548) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02397457 = score(doc=548,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1542157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.04384008 = queryNorm
0.15546128 = fieldWeight in 548, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=548)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
- Date
- 29. 3.2009 11:11:45
