-
Oppenheim, C.: ¬An agenda for action to achieve the information society in the UK (1996)
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- Abstract
- Discusses ways in which government can play a important role in shaping national policies for a nation's information infrastructure. Considers such factors as the development of national policies for: supporting the development of electronic information services; privacy and data protection; copyright; and public libraries and national libraries
- Source
- Journal of information science. 22(1996) no.6, S.407-421
-
Oppenheim, C.: Electronic scholarly publishing and open access (2009)
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- Abstract
- A review of recent developments in electronic publishing, with a focus on Open Access (OA) is provided. It describes the two main types of OA, i.e. the `gold' OA journal route and the 'green' repository route, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the two, and the reactions of the publishing industry to these developments. Quality, cost and copyright issues are explored, as well as some of the business models of OA. It is noted that whilst so far there is no evidence that a shift to OA will lead to libraries cancelling subscriptions to toll-access journals, this may happen in the future, and that despite the apparently compelling reasons for authors to move to OA, so far few have shown themselves willing to do so. Conclusions about the future of scholarly publications are drawn.
- Date
- 8. 7.2010 19:22:45
- Source
- Information science in transition, Ed.: A. Gilchrist
-
Summers, R.; Oppenheim, C.; Meadows, J.; McKnight, C.; Kinnell, M.: Information science in 2010 : a Loughborough University view (1999)
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- Content
- Beitrag eines Themenheftes: The 50th Anniversary of the Journal of the American Society for Information Science. Pt.2: Paradigms, models, and models of information science
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.12, S.1153-
-
Oppenheim, C.: Using the h-Index to rank influential British researchers in information science and librarianship (2007)
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- Abstract
- The recently developed h-index has been applied to the literature produced by senior British-based academics in librarianship and information science. The majority of those evaluated currently hold senior positions in UK information science and librarianship departments; however, a small number of staff in other departments and retired "founding fathers" were analyzed as well. The analysis was carried out using the Web of Science (Thomson Scientific, Philadelphia, PA) for the years from 1992 to October 2005, and included both secondauthored papers and self-citations. The top-ranking British information scientist, Peter Willett, has an h-index of 31. However, it was found that Eugene Garfield, the founder of modern citation studies, has an even higher h-index of 36. These results support other studies suggesting that the h-index is a useful tool in the armory of bibliometrics.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.2, S.297-301
-
Levitt, J.M.; Thelwall, M.; Oppenheim, C.: Variations between subjects in the extent to which the social sciences have become more interdisciplinary (2011)
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- Abstract
- Increasing interdisciplinarity has been a policy objective since the 1990s, promoted by many governments and funding agencies, but the question is: How deeply has this affected the social sciences? Although numerous articles have suggested that research has become more interdisciplinary, yet no study has compared the extent to which the interdisciplinarity of different social science subjects has changed. To address this gap, changes in the level of interdisciplinarity since 1980 are investigated for subjects with many articles in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), using the percentage of cross-disciplinary citing documents (PCDCD) to evaluate interdisciplinarity. For the 14 SSCI subjects investigated, the median level of interdisciplinarity, as measured using cross-disciplinary citations, declined from 1980 to 1990, but rose sharply between 1990 and 2000, confirming previous research. This increase was not fully matched by an increase in the percentage of articles that were assigned to more than one subject category. Nevertheless, although on average the social sciences have recently become more interdisciplinary, the extent of this change varies substantially from subject to subject. The SSCI subject with the largest increase in interdisciplinarity between 1990 and 2000 was Information Science & Library Science (IS&LS) but there is evidence that the level of interdisciplinarity of IS&LS increased less quickly during the first decade of this century.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 62(2011) no.6, S.1118-1129
-
Norris, M.; Oppenheim, C.: ¬The h-index : a broad review of a new bibliometric indicator (2010)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - This review aims to show, broadly, how the h-index has become a subject of widespread debate, how it has spawned many variants and diverse applications since first introduced in 2005 and some of the issues in its use. Design/methodology/approach - The review drew on a range of material published in 1990 or so sources published since 2005. From these sources, a number of themes were identified and discussed ranging from the h-index's advantages to which citation database might be selected for its calculation. Findings - The analysis shows how the h-index has quickly established itself as a major subject of interest in the field of bibliometrics. Study of the index ranges from its mathematical underpinning to a range of variants perceived to address the indexes' shortcomings. The review illustrates how widely the index has been applied but also how care must be taken in its application. Originality/value - The use of bibliometric indicators to measure research performance continues, with the h-index as its latest addition. The use of the h-index, its variants and many applications to which it has been put are still at the exploratory stage. The review shows the breadth and diversity of this research and the need to verify the veracity of the h-index by more studies.
- Date
- 8. 1.2011 19:22:13
-
Grainger-Smith, N.; Oppenheim, C.: ¬The role of information systems and technology (IS/IT) in investment banks (1994)
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- Abstract
- Considers the role of information systems and information technology (IT) within investment banks, based upon a survey of the literature and a small scale case study. Considers whether investment banks receive value for money from their investment in IT, and ways in which IT can be evaluated for its contribution to profitability. Concludes that failure to implement techniques for systematically identifying and qualifying IT costs and benefits has mede it difficult for them to determine the level of added value resulting from such investment and the contribution of IT towards the bottom line. Considers also what role technology plays in the strategic management process and concludes that it is essential to incorporate both information and IT strategy into the strategic management process, to ensue that IT is cooncentrated in those areas in which it cann add most value. Finally, considers the potential for deriving competitive advantage from IT
- Source
- Journal of information science. 20(1994) no.5, S.323-333
-
Oppenheim, C.: Intellectual property : legal and other issues (1997)
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- Abstract
- The rapidly increasing volume and variety of electronic or digitized information sources and their accessibility worldwide, have brought to the surface new issues concerning intellectual property, the complexity of the related legal questions and application of legislative measures in real world situations. Attemps to define 'intellectual property' from different points of view; considers the different types with different 'strengths' of protection, and the underlying objectives of such protection. Discusses copyright and international treaties on intellectual property, what is protected and for how long, the concept of fair use and the role of organizations concerned with reproduction rights. Presents a brief overview of the intellectual property questions relating to electronic media: machine readable databases, the information resources on the Internet, and images; electrocopying and downloading of texts and images from networks; and the special nature and copyright problems of multimedia. Also considers moral rights and the need for and feasibility of establishing Electronic Copyright Management System (ECMS)
- Source
- Information studies. 3(1997) no.1, S.5-22
-
Eager, C.; Oppenheim, C.: ¬An observational method for undertaking user needs studies (1996)
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- Abstract
- The study of information needs has long be acknowlegded as one of the most important factors in the design of information services but has been hampered by the severe problem of designing user studies that will reliably measure them. Reviews the literature of previous research in this field, concluding that time and money are the chief constraints on information seeking behaviour. Describes a new observational technique for identifying the information needs of users and reports results of a small scale experiment to test the methodology. The observational technique involves the researcher being with the subject continuously throughout the day and observing their actions. The behaviour recorded was any action taken in order to answer a question. A small scale study was undertaken of 3 academics from the Psychology Department, University of Strathclyde, using the observational technique. The preferred technique of all the academics was to carry out their own research, followed by consultation with other individuals. One lecturer was a significantly heavier user of electronic media than the other two. The preferred physical locations of the information sources were personal collections and the University Library. One lecturer consistently used a wide range of sources while the other two strongly preferred to use personal contacts. Informal sources were found to be twice as popular as formal sources. A follow up questionnaire survey examined the possibility that previous training in the use of the library could explain the differences in the use of electronic information sources but results were found to be negative. Concludes that the new research tool developed for this type of study is both robust and likely to yield reliable information about user information needs
- Source
- Journal of librarianship and information science. 28(1996) no.1, S.15-24
-
Ahmed, S.M.Z.; McKnight, C.; Oppenheim, C.: ¬A study of users' performance and satisfaction with the Web of Science IR interface : making sense of it all (2005)
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- Object
- Web of Science
- Source
- Journal of information science. 30(2005) no.5, S.459-
-
Cross, C.; Oppenheim, C.: ¬A genre analysis of scientific abstracts (2006)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to analyse the structure of a small number of abstracts that have appeared in the CABI database over a number of years, during which time the authorship of the abstracts changed from CABI editorial staff to journal article authors themselves. This paper reports a study of the semantic organisation and thematic structure of 12 abstracts from the field of protozoology in an effort to discover whether these abstracts followed generally agreed abstracting guidelines. Design/methodology/approach - The method adopted was a move analysis of the text of the abstracts. This move analysis revealed a five-move pattern: move 1 situates the research within the scientific community; move 2 introduces the research by either describing the main features of the research or presenting its purpose; move 3 describes the methodology; move 4 states the results; and move 5 draws conclusions or suggests practical applications. Findings - Thematic analysis shows that scientific abstract authors thematise their subject by referring to the discourse domain or the "real" world. Not all of the abstracts succeeded in following the guideline advice. However, there was general consistency regarding semantic organisation and thematic structure. Research limitations/implications - The research limitations were the small number of abstracts examined, from just one subject domain. Practical limitations - The practical implications are the need for abstracting services to be clearer and more prescriptive regarding how they want abstracts to be structured as the lack of formal training in abstract writing increases the risk of subjectivity and verbosity and reduces clarity in scientific abstracts. Another implication of the research are that abstracting and indexing services must ensure that they maintain abstract quality if they introduce policies of accepting author abstracts. This is important as there is probably little formal training in abstract writing for science students at present. Recommendations for further research are made. Originality/value - This paper reports a study of the semantic organisation and thematic structure of 12 abstracts from the field of protozoology.
-
Baird, L.M.; Oppenheim, C.: Do citations matter? (1994)
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- Abstract
- Citation indexes are based on the principle of authors citing previous articles of relevance. The paper demonstrates the long history of citing for precedent and notes how ISI's citation indexes differ from 'Shephards Citations'. The paper analyses some of the criticisms of citations counting, and some of the uses for which citation analysis has been employed. The paper also examines the idea of the development of an Acknowledgement Index, and concludes such an index is unlikely to be commercially viable. The paper describes a citation study of Eugene Garfield, and concludes that he may be the most heavily cited information scientist, that he is a heavy self-citer, and that the reasons why other authors cite Garfield are different from the reasons why he cites himself. The paper concludes that citation studies remain a valid methgod of analysis of individuals', institutions', or journals' impact, but need to be used with caution and in conjunction with other measures
- Source
- Journal of information science. 20(1994) no.1, S.2-15
-
Zuccala, A.; Thelwall, M.; Oppenheim, C.; Dhiensa, R.: Web intelligence analyses of digital libraries : a case study of the National electronic Library for Health (NeLH) (2007)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of LexiURL as a Web intelligence tool for collecting and analysing links to digital libraries, focusing specifically on the National electronic Library for Health (NeLH). Design/methodology/approach - The Web intelligence techniques in this study are a combination of link analysis (web structure mining), web server log file analysis (web usage mining), and text analysis (web content mining), utilizing the power of commercial search engines and drawing upon the information science fields of bibliometrics and webometrics. LexiURL is a computer program designed to calculate summary statistics for lists of links or URLs. Its output is a series of standard reports, for example listing and counting all of the different domain names in the data. Findings - Link data, when analysed together with user transaction log files (i.e. Web referring domains) can provide insights into who is using a digital library and when, and who could be using the digital library if they are "surfing" a particular part of the Web; in this case any site that is linked to or colinked with the NeLH. This study found that the NeLH was embedded in a multifaceted Web context, including many governmental, educational, commercial and organisational sites, with the most interesting being sites from the.edu domain, representing American Universities. Not many links directed to the NeLH were followed on September 25, 2005 (the date of the log file analysis and link extraction analysis), which means that users who access the digital library have been arriving at the site via only a few select links, bookmarks and search engine searches, or non-electronic sources. Originality/value - A number of studies concerning digital library users have been carried out using log file analysis as a research tool. Log files focus on real-time user transactions; while LexiURL can be used to extract links and colinks associated with a digital library's growing Web network. This Web network is not recognized often enough, and can be a useful indication of where potential users are surfing, even if they have not yet specifically visited the NeLH site.
-
Oppenheim, C.: ¬The implications of copyright legislation for electronic access to journal collections (1994)
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- Source
- Journal of document and text management. 2(1994) no.1, S.10-22
-
Oppenheim, C.: Electronic copyright and the law librarian (1994)
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- Abstract
- Covers issues concerned with copyright in machine readable records such as electronic databases and their usage. computer software and electrocopying. Considers the position regarding copyright in abstracts, and whether online databases can be considered literary works. Highlights some key court cases concerning database and compilation copyright in both the US and Europe. Notes the complex copyright implications of multimedia information delivery, and particular concerns over the copying and piracy of computer software. A European directive on database copyright is in preparation
-
Oppenheim, C.: ¬The applications of virtual reality : pt.1.2 (1993)
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- Abstract
- Considers virtual reality and the applications of virtual reality that information workers will need to assimilate in the next decade or so. Considers possible applications in the library and information world, for example the extension of the notion of the virtual library using virtual reality
-
Oppenheim, C.: Recent EC initiatives on copyright (1993)
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- Abstract
- Reviews the EC Draft Directive on Database Copyright, due to be approved in 1994
-
Oppenheim, C.: Document delivery and electronic copyright : what is copyright? (1995)
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- Abstract
- Examines copyright from an international perspective, looking at what constitutes copyright in different countries; the rights enjoyed by a copyright; owner; infringement by restricted acts; existing international and European treaties; electronic copyright and contracts; the definition of literary works; and fair dealing. Focuses in particular on the implications of electronic document delivery. Copyright law does not keep up with technical developments, making publishers nervous of the new technologies. In the light of the Follett Report the time seems right for a radical rethink, and the various parties involved should grasp this opportunity
-
Oppenheim, C.: ¬The legal problems associated with electronic copyright management systems (1996)
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- Abstract
- Outlines existing treaties and legislation relating to copyright such as the Berne Convention, the Unfair Contract Terms Act and the concept of fair dealing. Assesses the role of Electronic Copyright Management Systems (ECMS) in protecting holders of rights; their relationship to the law in the UK, USA, and Europe; and their value in providing an agreed framework between libraries, users and publishers, so that the concept of the 'electronic' library can become a reality
-
Harry, V.; Oppenheim, C.: Evaluation of electronic databases : pt.2: testing CD-ROM products (1993)
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- Abstract
- Describes some evaluations which were carried out using the criteria discussed in pt.1 and set out on standard test forms. The purpose of the criteria was to assess the validity of the criteria and the test forms. Products were chosen from 4 suppliers: 2 major CD-ROM producers; SilverPlatter and W.H. Wilson; and 2 smaller suppliers: CMC ReSearch and Chadwyck-Healey
- Footnote
- Pt.1 in: 17(1993) no.4, S.211-222. - Vgl. auch: Rowley u. Slack in: Online and CD-ROM review 21(1997) no.1
