-
Allard, S.; Levine, K.J.; Tenopir, C.: Design engineers and technical professionals at work : observing information usage in the workplace (2009)
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- Abstract
- This exploratory study examines how design engineers and technical professionals (hereafter referred to as engineers) in innovative high-tech firms in the United States and India use information in their daily work activities including research, development, and management. The researchers used naturalistic observation to conduct a series of daylong workplace observations with 103 engineers engaged in product design and testing in four U.S.- and two India-based firms. A key finding is that engineers spend about one fourth of their day engaged in some type of information event, which was somewhat lower than the percentage identified in previous research. The explanation may be rooted in the significant change in the information environment and corporate expectations in the last 15 years, which is the time of the original study. Searching technology has improved, making searching less time consuming, and engineers are choosing the Internet as a primary source even though information may not be as focused, as timely, or as authoritative. The study extends our understanding of the engineering workplace, and the information environment in the workplace, and provides information useful for improving methods for accessing and using information, which could ultimately lead to better job performance, facilitate innovation, and encourage economic growth.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 12:43:37
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.443-454
-
Tenopir, C.; Ennis, L.: ¬The digital reference work of academic libraries (1998)
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- Abstract
- Reports a survey of all academic members of the Association of Research Libraries in the 4th quarter of 1997 which examined how academic libraries incorporate electronic information sources into their reference activities and the effects on libraries services. There was a response rate of 68 per cent, Compares results surveys carried out in 1991 and 1994. The survey covered: numbers of computers access options (intermediary, end user online, CD-ROM locally loaded databases or those accessible through the library catalogue and the Internet. There is a trend away from print resources, particularly indexing and abstracting materials, and away from CD-ROM LANs and local loading of databases towards remote online resources
- Source
- Online. 22(1998) no.4, S.22-28
-
Tenopir, C.: Reference services from RLG (1995)
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- Abstract
- Describes the variety of search services supporting library reference functions offered by the RLG in the USA. The best known of these is RLIN, the massive bibliographic database and related services originally developed for shared cataloguing. In the last few years RLG has added CitaDel, an online search system that provides access to indexing/abstracting databases; and Zephyr, a Z39.50 server that amkes the RLIN and CitaDel databases searchable through a library's online catalogue. RLG also offers document delivery connections, including Ariel and Internet based document delivery software, for a full complement of online reference support for academic and public libraries
- Date
- 25.11.1995 19:22:01
-
Tenopir, C.: Integrating electronic reference (1995)
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- Abstract
- Reports on a survey of ARL (Ass. of Research Libraries) members in the USA in 1994, which sought to find out the electronic reference services that are offered by these libraries and how the services affect reference staff, the expectations of users, and user instruction. The services covered include CD-ROM, intermediary online searching, end user online (e.g. FirstSearch), tape loaded databases and user access to the Internet, including electronic mail facilities. Highlights the additional workload the provision of these services involves, and the sometimes unrealistic expectations of users especially with regard to Internet resources
- Date
- 25.11.1995 19:22:01
-
Tenopir, C.; Neufang, R.: Electronic reference options : how they stack up in research libraries (1992)
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- Abstract
- Report of a survey 96 (out of 119) US and Canadian member libraries of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) to determine their use of on-line and CD-ROM data bases, including OPACs. 4 catalogues were identified: on-line mediated searching (97%); CD-ROMs (96%); end-user on-line searching (45%); and locally mounted magnetic tapes (37,5%). The latter option is expected to be the most widely used option in the new future. Although CD-ROM caused some migration from on-line, most migration was from printed sources to CD-ROM. Tables show: on-line hosts most used for intermediary on-line searching; on-line data bases most after searched by intermediaries; end user on-line systems offered by most libraries; the 20 most popular CD-ROM data bases; and the 8 magnetic tape data bases accessible on OPACs
- Source
- Online. 16(1992) no.2, S.22-28
-
Tenopir, C.; Green, D.: Patterns of use and usage factors for online databases in academic and public libraries (1999)
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- Abstract
- Database usage data from a random sample of academic and public libraries in the U.S. and Canada reveals patterns of use in selected types of libraries. Library users in both public and academic libraries tend to use commercial online databases most frequently early in the week, mid-day, and at times that correspond to the academic calendar (November in this six-month sample.) The mean number of simultaneous users is correlated with the size of the population served and the number of workstations available, but relatively low numbers of users are simultaneously logged on to research databases at all sizes of libraries. A questionnaire sent to these same libraries identified many other factors that might influence database use, including levels of instruction, availability of remote login, placement of a database on the library's homepage, although none of these factors was found to be statistically significant
- Series
- Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science; vol.36
- Source
- Knowledge: creation, organization and use. Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, 31.10.-4.11.1999. Ed.: L. Woods
-
Wilson, C.S.; Tenopir, C.: Local citation analysis, publishing and reading patterns : using multiple methods to evaluate faculty use of an academic library's research collection (2008)
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- Abstract
- This study assessed the intermix of local citation analysis and survey of journal use and reading patterns for evaluating an academic library's research collection. Journal articles and their cited references from faculties at the University of New South Wales were downloaded from the Web of Science (WoS) and journal impact factors from the Journal Citation Reports. The survey of the University of New South Wales (UNSW) academic staff asked both reader-related and reading-related questions. Both methods showed that academics in medicine published more and had more coauthors per paper than academics in the other faculties; however, when correlated with the number of students and academic staff, science published more and engineering published in higher impact journals. When recalled numbers of articles published were compared to actual numbers, all faculties over-estimated their productivity by nearly two-fold. The distribution of cited serial references was highly skewed with over half of the titles cited only once. The survey results corresponded with U.S. university surveys with one exception: Engineering academics reported the highest number of article readings and read mostly for research related activities. Citation analysis data showed that the UNSW library provided the majority of journals in which researchers published and cited, mostly in electronic formats. However, the availability of non-journal cited sources was low. The joint methods provided both confirmatory and contradictory results and proved useful in evaluating library research collections.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.9, S.1393-1408
-
Tenopir, C.; King, D.W.; Edwards, S.; Wu, L.: Electronic journals and changes in scholarly article seeking and reading patterns : the paradox of control (2009)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - By tracking the information-seeking and reading patterns of science, technology, medical and social science faculty members from 1977 to the present, this paper seeks to examine how faculty members locate, obtain, read, and use scholarly articles and how this has changed with the widespread availability of electronic journals and journal alternatives. Design/methodology/approach - Data were gathered using questionnaire surveys of university faculty and other researchers periodically since 1977. Many questions used the critical incident of the last article reading to allow analysis of the characteristics of readings in addition to characteristics of readers. Findings - The paper finds that the average number of readings per year per science faculty member continues to increase, while the average time spent per reading is decreasing. Electronic articles now account for the majority of readings, though most readings are still printed on paper for final reading. Scientists report reading a higher proportion of older articles from a wider range of journal titles and more articles from library e-collections. Articles are read for many purposes and readings are valuable to those purposes. Originality/value - The paper draws on data collected in a consistent way over 30 years. It provides a unique look at how electronic journals and other developments have influenced changes in reading behavior over three decades. The use of critical incidence provides evidence of the value of reading in addition to reading patterns.
-
Tenopir, C.; Levine, K.; Allard, S.; Christian, L.; Volentine, R.; Boehm, R.; Nichols, F.; Nicholas, D.; Jamali, H.R.; Herman, E.; Watkinson, A.: Trustworthiness and authority of scholarly information in a digital age : results of an international questionnaire (2016)
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- Abstract
- An international survey of over 3,600 researchers examined how trustworthiness and quality are determined for making decisions on scholarly reading, citing, and publishing and how scholars perceive changes in trust with new forms of scholarly communication. Although differences in determining trustworthiness and authority of scholarly resources exist among age groups and fields of study, traditional methods and criteria remain important across the board. Peer review is considered the most important factor for determining the quality and trustworthiness of research. Researchers continue to read abstracts, check content for sound arguments and credible data, and rely on journal rankings when deciding whether to trust scholarly resources in reading, citing, or publishing. Social media outlets and open access publications are still often not trusted, although many researchers believe that open access has positive implications for research, especially if the open access journals are peer reviewed.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.10, S.2344-2361
-
Tenopir, C.; Nahl-Jakobovits, D.; Howard, D.L.: Strategies and assessments online : novices' experience (1991)
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- Abstract
- As end users perform their own searches, more insight into their searching behaviour is needed. Identifies and describes the strategies, assessments and affective behaviours from the transcripts and keystroke records collected during 3 searches. The affective behaviours exhibited by the searchers show the involvement of other than cognitive activities in this intellectual pursuit. Particularly interesting is the single mindedness of the search strategies. Describes the searchers' online assessments of the usefulness of retrieved records including assessment strategies that were developed
- Source
- Library and information science research. 13(1991) no.3, S.237-266
-
Douglass, K.; Allard, S.; Tenopir, C.; Wu, L.W.; Frame, M.: Managing scientific data as public assets : data sharing practices and policies among full-time government employees (2014)
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- Abstract
- This paper examines how scientists working in government agencies in the U.S. are reacting to the "ethos of sharing" government-generated data. For scientists to leverage the value of existing government data sets, critical data sets must be identified and made as widely available as possible. However, government data sets can only be leveraged when policy makers first assess the value of data, in much the same way they decide the value of grants for research outside government. We argue that legislators should also remove structural barriers to interoperability by funding technical infrastructure according to issue clusters rather than administrative programs. As developers attempt to make government data more accessible through portals, they should consider a range of other nontechnical constraints attached to the data. We find that agencies react to the large number of constraints by mostly posting their data on their own websites only rather than in data portals that can facilitate sharing. Despite the nontechnical constraints, we find that scientists working in government agencies exercise some autonomy in data decisions, such as data documentation, which determine whether or not the data can be widely shared. Fortunately, scientists indicate a willingness to share the data they collect or maintain. However, we argue further that a complete measure of access should also consider the normative decisions to collect (or not) particular data.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.2, S.251-262
-
Tenopir, C.; Wang, P.; Zhang, Y.; Simmons, B.; Pollard, R.: Academic users' interactions with ScienceDirect in search tasks : affective and cognitive behaviors (2008)
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- Abstract
- This article presents part of phase 2 of a research project funded by the NSF-National Science Digital Library Project, which observed how academic users interact with the ScienceDirect information retrieval system for simulated class-related assignments. The ultimate goal of the project is twofold: (1) to find ways to improve science and engineering students' use of science e-journal systems; (2) to develop methods to measure user interaction behaviors. Process-tracing technique recorded participants' processes and interaction behaviors that are measurable; think-aloud protocol captured participants' affective and cognitive verbalizations; pre- and post-search questionnaires solicited demographic information, prior experience with the system, and comments. We explored possible relationships between affective feelings and cognitive behaviors. During search interactions both feelings and thoughts occurred frequently. Positive feelings were more common and were associated more often with thoughts about results. Negative feelings were associated more often with thoughts related to the system, search strategy, and task. Learning styles are also examined as a factor influencing behavior. Engineering graduate students with an assimilating learning style searched longer and paused less than those with a converging learning style. Further exploration of learning styles is suggested.
-
Sandusky, R.J.; Tenopir, C.: Finding and using journal-article components : impacts of disaggregation on teaching and research practice (2008)
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- Abstract
- This article reports the results of a study into the use of discrete journal-article components, particularly tables and figures extracted from published scientific journal articles, and their application to teaching and research. Sixty participants were introduced to and asked to perform searches in a journal-article component prototype that presents individual tables and figures as the items returned in the search results set. Multiple methods, including questionnaires, observations, and structured diaries, were used to collect data. The results are analyzed in the context of previous studies on the use of scientific journal articles and in terms of research on scientists' use of specific journal-article components to find information, assess its relevance, read, interpret, and disaggregate the information found, and reaggregate components into new forms of information. Results indicate that scientists believe searching for journal-article components has value in terms of (a) higher precision result sets, (b) better match between the granularity of the prototype's index and the granularity of the information sought for particular tasks, and (c) fit between journal-article component searching and the established teaching and research practices of scientists.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.6, S.970-982
-
Tenopir, C.; King, D.W.; Boyce, P.; Grayson, M.; Paulson, K.-L.: Relying an electronic journals : reading patterns of astronomers (2005)
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- Abstract
- Surveys of the members of the American Astronomical Society identify how astronomers use journals and what features and formats they prefer. While every work field is distinct, the patterns of use by astronomers may provide a glimpse of what to expect of journal patterns and use by other scientists. Astronomers, like other scientists, continue to invest a large amount of their time in reading articles and place a high level of importance an journal articles. They use a wide variety of formats and means to get access to materials that are essential to their work in teaching, service, and research. They select access means that are convenient-whether those means be print, electronic, or both. The availability of a mature electronic journals system from their primary professional society has surely influenced their early adoption of e-journals.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.8, S.786-802
-
Tenopir, C.: Online systems for information access and retrieval (2008)
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- Abstract
- In 1973 F. W. Lancaster published the first textbook about online information retrieval (with E. G. Fayen). That text and his later writings and books on the topics relating to online searching set the precedent for many books to follow. His early work also advocated many changes to the state-of-the-art systems and anticipated many of the characteristics of modern online information retrieval systems. Although the basic underlying structure of modern systems is still similar to what Lancaster wrote about thirty years ago, many of the changes he advocated have occurred. From an era of bibliographic databases on command-driven systems searched by library professionals, online systems have evolved to have friendlier interfaces, include full texts or links to full texts, and are targeted to the end users of the information. The information industry has evolved, as have the online search systems and tools that are so commonplace today.
- Content
- Beitrag in einem Themenheft 'The Influence of F. W. Lancaster on Information Science and on Libraries', das als Festschrift für F.W. Lancaster deklariert ist.
-
Huntington, P.; Nicholas, D.; Jamali, H.R.; Tenopir, C.: Article decay in the digital environment : an analysis of usage of OhioLINK by date of publication, employing deep log methods (2006)
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- Abstract
- The article presents the early findings of an exploratory deep log analysis of journal usage on OhioLINK, conducted as part of the MaxData project, funded by the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services. OhioLINK, the original Big Deal, provides a single digital platform of nearly 6,000 full-text journals for more than 600,000 people; for the purposes of the analysis, the raw logs were obtained from OhioLINK for the period June 2004 to December 2004. During this period approximately 1,215,000 items were viewed on campus in October 2004 and 1,894,000 items viewed off campus between June and December 2004. This article provides an analysis of the age of material that users consulted. From a methodological point of view OhioLINK offered an attractive platform to conduct age of publication usage studies because it is one of the oldest e-journal libraries and thus offered a relatively long archive and stable platform to conduct the studies. The project sought to determine whether the subject, the search approach adopted, and the type of journal item viewed (contents page, abstract, full-text article, etc.) was a factor in regard to the age of articles used.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.13, S.1840-1851
-
Nahl, D.; Tenopir, C.: Affective and cognitive searching behavior of novice end-users of a full-text database (1996)
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- Footnote
- Novice end users were given 2 hours of training in searching a full-text magazine database (Magazine ASAP(TM)) on DIALOG. Subjects searched during 3 to 4 sessions in the presence of a trained monitor who prompted them to think aloud throughout the sessions. qualitative analysis of the transcripts and transaction logs yielded empirical information on user variables (purpose, motivation, satisfaction), uses of the database, move types, and every question users asked during the searches. The spontaneous, naturalistic questions were categorized according to affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor speech acts. Results show that most of the searches were performed for the self and were work related. The most common use of the database was to retrieve full-text articles online and to download and print them out rather than read them on screen. The majority of searches were judged satisfactory. Innovative uses included browsing for background information and obtaining contextualized sentences for language teaching. Searchers made twice as many moves to limit sets as moves to expand sets. Affective questions outnumbered cognitive and sensorimotor questions by two to one. This preponderance of affective micro-information needs during searching might be addressed by new system functions
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 47(1996) no.4, S.276-286
-
Tenopir, C.: Full text databases (1984)
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- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 19(1984), S.215-246
-
Tenopir, C.; Ro, J.S.: Full text databases (1990)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Information technology and libraries. 10(1991) S.156-157 (E. Kanter)
- Series
- New directions in information management; 21
-
Tenopir, C.: Online databases : a second look at FirstSearch (1994)
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- Abstract
- Describes the online end user search service, FirstSearch, provided by OCLC, noting the ways it has developed since its launch in 1991, and the extent of its use in libraries worldwide. Focuses on an important new aspect of the service, the availability of the full text in ASCII format of many of the articles cited in the database, for ordering, viewing and downloading. Also discusses the value of FirstSearch to interloans departments, the costs of the service, enhancements in the searchability of the databases and in the interfaces provided for searching, and the variety of uses to which libraries are putting the service
