-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
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- Abstract
- This research revisits the classic Turing test and compares recent large language models such as ChatGPT for their abilities to reproduce human-level comprehension and compelling text generation. Two task challenges- summary and question answering- prompt ChatGPT to produce original content (98-99%) from a single text entry and sequential questions initially posed by Turing in 1950. We score the original and generated content against the OpenAI GPT-2 Output Detector from 2019, and establish multiple cases where the generated content proves original and undetectable (98%). The question of a machine fooling a human judge recedes in this work relative to the question of "how would one prove it?" The original contribution of the work presents a metric and simple grammatical set for understanding the writing mechanics of chatbots in evaluating their readability and statistical clarity, engagement, delivery, overall quality, and plagiarism risks. While Turing's original prose scores at least 14% below the machine-generated output, whether an algorithm displays hints of Turing's true initial thoughts (the "Lovelace 2.0" test) remains unanswerable.
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Wätjen, H.-J.: Mensch oder Maschine? : Auswahl und Erschließung vonm Informationsressourcen im Internet (1996)
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- Date
- 2. 2.1996 15:40:22
- Footnote
- Erscheint in: Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie; abzurufen vom Server des Verfassers: http://waetjen.bis.uni-oldenburg.de
- Source
- Vortrag anläßlich des Workshops'Internet-basierte Informationssysteme der Bibliotheken', 15.-17.1.96 in Bielefeld
-
Guizzardi, G.; Guarino, N.: Semantics, ontology and explanation (2023)
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- Abstract
- The terms 'semantics' and 'ontology' are increasingly appearing together with 'explanation', not only in the scientific literature, but also in organizational communication. However, all of these terms are also being significantly overloaded. In this paper, we discuss their strong relation under particular interpretations. Specifically, we discuss a notion of explanation termed ontological unpacking, which aims at explaining symbolic domain descriptions (conceptual models, knowledge graphs, logical specifications) by revealing their ontological commitment in terms of their assumed truthmakers, i.e., the entities in one's ontology that make the propositions in those descriptions true. To illustrate this idea, we employ an ontological theory of relations to explain (by revealing the hidden semantics of) a very simple symbolic model encoded in the standard modeling language UML. We also discuss the essential role played by ontology-driven conceptual models (resulting from this form of explanation processes) in properly supporting semantic interoperability tasks. Finally, we discuss the relation between ontological unpacking and other forms of explanation in philosophy and science, as well as in the area of Artificial Intelligence.
-
Wormell, I.: Multifunctional information work : new demands for training? (1995)
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- Abstract
- The paper calls for an integrated approach to information science education where disciplinary interaction is predicated on the forgoing of formal, informal and sustainable links with researchers and pracitioners in other fields. The modern information profession, in order to promote its creativity and to strengthen its development, has to go beyond the traditional roles and functions and should extend the professions' horizons. Thus the LIS education and training programmes must aim to foster professionals who, one day, will create new jobs and not just fill the old ones
- Source
- Vortrag, IFLA-Tagung 1995 in Istanbul
-
Großjohann, K.: Gathering-, Harvesting-, Suchmaschinen (1996)
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- Date
- 7. 2.1996 22:38:41
- Pages
- 22 S
-
Tramullas, J.; Garrido-Picazo, P.; Sánchez-Casabón, A.I.: Use of Wikipedia categories on information retrieval research : a brief review (2020)
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- Abstract
- Wikipedia categories, a classification scheme built for organizing and describing Wikpedia articles, are being applied in computer science research. This paper adopts a systematic literature review approach, in order to identify different approaches and uses of Wikipedia categories in information retrieval research. Several types of work are identified, depending on the intrinsic study of the categories structure, or its use as a tool for the processing and analysis of other documentary corpus different to Wikipedia. Information retrieval is identified as one of the major areas of use, in particular its application in the refinement and improvement of search expressions, and the construction of textual corpus. However, the set of available works shows that in many cases research approaches applied and results obtained can be integrated into a comprehensive and inclusive concept of information retrieval.
-
Lange, C.; Ion, P.; Dimou, A.; Bratsas, C.; Sperber, W.; Kohlhasel, M.; Antoniou, I.: Getting mathematics towards the Web of Data : the case of the Mathematics Subject Classification (2012)
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- Abstract
- The Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC), maintained by the American Mathematical Society's Mathematical Reviews (MR) and FIZ Karlsruhe's Zentralblatt für Mathematik (Zbl), is a scheme for classifying publications in mathematics according to their subjects. While it is widely used, its traditional, idiosyncratic conceptualization and representation requires custom implementations of search, query and annotation support. This did not encourage people to create and explore connections of mathematics to subjects of related domains (e.g. science), and it made the scheme hard to maintain. We have reimplemented the current version of MSC2010 as a Linked Open Dataset using SKOS and our focus is concentrated on turning it into the new MSC authority. This paper explains the motivation, and details of our design considerations and how we realized them in the implementation. We present in-the-field use cases and point out how e-science applications can take advantage of the MSC LOD set. We conclude with a roadmap for bootstrapping the presence of mathematical and mathematics-based science, technology, and engineering knowledge on the Web of Data, where it has been noticeably underrepresented so far, starting from MSC/SKOS as a seed.
-
Luo, L.; Ju, J.; Li, Y.-F.; Haffari, G.; Xiong, B.; Pan, S.: ChatRule: mining logical rules with large language models for knowledge graph reasoning (2023)
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- Abstract
- Logical rules are essential for uncovering the logical connections between relations, which could improve the reasoning performance and provide interpretable results on knowledge graphs (KGs). Although there have been many efforts to mine meaningful logical rules over KGs, existing methods suffer from the computationally intensive searches over the rule space and a lack of scalability for large-scale KGs. Besides, they often ignore the semantics of relations which is crucial for uncovering logical connections. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in the field of natural language processing and various applications, owing to their emergent ability and generalizability. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, ChatRule, unleashing the power of large language models for mining logical rules over knowledge graphs. Specifically, the framework is initiated with an LLM-based rule generator, leveraging both the semantic and structural information of KGs to prompt LLMs to generate logical rules. To refine the generated rules, a rule ranking module estimates the rule quality by incorporating facts from existing KGs. Last, a rule validator harnesses the reasoning ability of LLMs to validate the logical correctness of ranked rules through chain-of-thought reasoning. ChatRule is evaluated on four large-scale KGs, w.r.t. different rule quality metrics and downstream tasks, showing the effectiveness and scalability of our method.
- Date
- 23.11.2023 19:07:22
-
Gödert, W.: Navigation und Retrieval in Datenbanken und Informationsnetzen (1995)
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- Footnote
- Ausarbeitung eines Vortrages anläßlich des SWD-Kolloquiums in der Deutschen Bibliothek in Frankfurt am 23.11.1994; Text beim Verfasser erhältlich
-
Allen, G.G.: Change in the catalogue in the context of library management (1976)
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-
Jouguelet, S.: Subject access and the marketplace for bibliographic information in France (1989)
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- Abstract
- Enthält auch Beschreibung der Sacherschließungssystemen in den Nationalbibliographien
-
Geißelmann, F.: Perspektiven für eine DDC-Anwendung in den Bibliotheksverbünden (1999)
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- Content
- Vortrag, anlässlich des 89. Deutscher Bibliothekartag in Freiburg im Breisgau 1999: Grenzenlos in die Zukunft
-
Hausser, R.: Language and nonlanguage cognition (2021)
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- Abstract
- A basic distinction in agent-based data-driven Database Semantics (DBS) is between language and nonlanguage cognition. Language cognition transfers content between agents by means of raw data. Nonlanguage cognition maps between content and raw data inside the focus agent. {\it Recognition} applies a concept type to raw data, resulting in a concept token. In language recognition, the focus agent (hearer) takes raw language-data (surfaces) produced by another agent (speaker) as input, while nonlanguage recognition takes raw nonlanguage-data as input. In either case, the output is a content which is stored in the agent's onboard short term memory. {\it Action} adapts a concept type to a purpose, resulting in a token. In language action, the focus agent (speaker) produces language-dependent surfaces for another agent (hearer), while nonlanguage action produces intentions for a nonlanguage purpose. In either case, the output is raw action data. As long as the procedural implementation of place holder values works properly, it is compatible with the DBS requirement of input-output equivalence between the natural prototype and the artificial reconstruction.
-
Pejtersen, A.M.; Jensen, H.; Speck, P.; Villumsen, S.; Weber, S.: Catalogs for children : the Book House project on visualization of database retrieval and classification (1993)
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- Abstract
- This paper describes the Book House system which is designed to support children's information retrieval in libraries as part of their education. It is a shareware program available on CD-ROM and discs, and comprises functionality for database searching as well as for the classification and storage of book information in the database. The system concept is based on an understanding of children's domain structures and their capabilities for categorization of information needs in connection with their activities in public libraries, in school libraries or in schools. These structures are visualized in the interface by using metaphors and multimedia technology. Through the use of text, images and animation, the Book House supports children - even at a very early age - to learn by doing in an enjoyable way which plays on their previous experiences with computer games. Both words and pictures can be used for searching; this makes the system suitable for all age groups. Even children who have not yet learned to read properly can by selecting pictures search for and find books they would like to have read aloud. Thus at the very beginning of their school period, they can learn to search for books on their own. For the library community itself, such a system will provide an extended service which will increase the number of children's own searches and also improve the relevance, quality and utilization of the collections in the libraries. A market research on the need for an annual indexing service for books in the Book House format is in preparation by the Danish Library Center
-
Holley, R.P.: Classification in the USA (1985)
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-
Jouguelet, S.: Subject indexing in France : tools and projects (1985)
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-
Kelm, B.: Computergestützte Sacherschließung in der Deutschen Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main (1983)
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Frühwald, W.: ¬Das Forscherwissen und die Öffentlichkeit : Überlegungen zur Laisierung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis (1992)
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- Eröffnungsvortrag der 117. Versammlung der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforschung und Ärzte, 19.9.92 in Aachen
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Ockenfeld, M.: MultiMedia Forum : Konzeption und Erprobung einer elektronischen Mitarbeiterzeitung in einer räumlich verteilten Organisation (1994)
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Satija, M.P.: Classification and indexing in India : a state-of-the-art (1992)
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