Search (22 results, page 1 of 2)

  • × author_ss:"Chen, H."
  1. Chen, H.: Explaining and alleviating information management indeterminism : a knowledge-based framework (1994) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Attempts to identify the nature and causes of information management indeterminism in an online research environment and proposes solutions for alleviating this indeterminism. Conducts two empirical studies of information management activities. The first identified the types and nature of information management indeterminism by evaluating archived text. The second focused on four sources of indeterminism: subject area knowledge, classification knowledge, system knowledge, and collaboration knowledge. Proposes a knowledge based design for alleviating indeterminism, which contains a system generated thesaurus and an inferencing engine
  2. Marshall, B.; Chen, H.; Kaza, S.: Using importance flooding to identify interesting networks of criminal activity (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Effectively harnessing available data to support homeland-security-related applications is a major focus in the emerging science of intelligence and security informatics (ISI). Many studies have focused on criminal-network analysis as a major challenge within the ISI domain. Though various methodologies have been proposed, none have been tested for usefulness in creating link charts. This study compares manually created link charts to suggestions made by the proposed importance-flooding algorithm. Mirroring manual investigational processes, our iterative computation employs association-strength metrics, incorporates path-based node importance heuristics, allows for case-specific notions of importance, and adjusts based on the accuracy of previous suggestions. Interesting items are identified by leveraging both node attributes and network structure in a single computation. Our data set was systematically constructed from heterogeneous sources and omits many privacy-sensitive data elements such as case narratives and phone numbers. The flooding algorithm improved on both manual and link-weight-only computations, and our results suggest that the approach is robust across different interpretations of the user-provided heuristics. This study demonstrates an interesting methodology for including user-provided heuristics in network-based analysis, and can help guide the development of ISI-related analysis tools.
  3. Huang, C.; Fu, T.; Chen, H.: Text-based video content classification for online video-sharing sites (2010) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    With the emergence of Web 2.0, sharing personal content, communicating ideas, and interacting with other online users in Web 2.0 communities have become daily routines for online users. User-generated data from Web 2.0 sites provide rich personal information (e.g., personal preferences and interests) and can be utilized to obtain insight about cyber communities and their social networks. Many studies have focused on leveraging user-generated information to analyze blogs and forums, but few studies have applied this approach to video-sharing Web sites. In this study, we propose a text-based framework for video content classification of online-video sharing Web sites. Different types of user-generated data (e.g., titles, descriptions, and comments) were used as proxies for online videos, and three types of text features (lexical, syntactic, and content-specific features) were extracted. Three feature-based classification techniques (C4.5, Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine) were used to classify videos. To evaluate the proposed framework, user-generated data from candidate videos, which were identified by searching user-given keywords on YouTube, were first collected. Then, a subset of the collected data was randomly selected and manually tagged by users as our experiment data. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach was able to classify online videos based on users' interests with accuracy rates up to 87.2%, and all three types of text features contributed to discriminating videos. Support Vector Machine outperformed C4.5 and Naïve Bayes techniques in our experiments. In addition, our case study further demonstrated that accurate video-classification results are very useful for identifying implicit cyber communities on video-sharing Web sites.
  4. Benjamin, V.; Chen, H.; Zimbra, D.: Bridging the virtual and real : the relationship between web content, linkage, and geographical proximity of social movements (2014) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    As the Internet becomes ubiquitous, it has advanced to more closely represent aspects of the real world. Due to this trend, researchers in various disciplines have become interested in studying relationships between real-world phenomena and their virtual representations. One such area of emerging research seeks to study relationships between real-world and virtual activism of social movement organization (SMOs). In particular, SMOs holding extreme social perspectives are often studied due to their tendency to have robust virtual presences to circumvent real-world social barriers preventing information dissemination. However, many previous studies have been limited in scope because they utilize manual data-collection and analysis methods. They also often have failed to consider the real-world aspects of groups that partake in virtual activism. We utilize automated data-collection and analysis methods to identify significant relationships between aspects of SMO virtual communities and their respective real-world locations and ideological perspectives. Our results also demonstrate that the interconnectedness of SMO virtual communities is affected specifically by aspects of the real world. These observations provide insight into the behaviors of SMOs within virtual environments, suggesting that the virtual communities of SMOs are strongly affected by aspects of the real world.
  5. Carmel, E.; Crawford, S.; Chen, H.: Browsing in hypertext : a cognitive study (1992) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    With the growth of hypertext and multimedia applications that support and encourage browsing it is time to take a penetrating look at browsing behaviour. Several dimensions of browsing are exemined, to find out: first, what is browsing and what cognitive processes are associated with it: second, is there a browsing strategy, and if so, are there any differences between how subject-area experts and novices browse; and finally, how can this knowledge be applied to improve the design of hypertext systems. Two groups of students, subject-area experts and novices, were studied while browsing a Macintosh HyperCard application on the subject The Vietnam War. A protocol analysis technique was used to gather and analyze data. Components of the GOMS model were used to describe the goals, operators, methods, and selection rules observed: Three browsing strategies were identified: (1) search-oriented browse, scanning and and reviewing information relevant to a fixed task; (2) review-browse, scanning and reviewing intersting information in the presence of transient browse goals that represent changing tasks, and (3) scan-browse, scanning for interesting information (without review). Most subjects primarily used review-browse interspersed with search-oriented browse. Within this strategy, comparisons between subject-area experts and novices revealed differences in tactics: experts browsed in more depth, seldom used referential links, selected different kinds of topics, and viewed information differently thatn did novices. Based on these findings, suggestions are made to hypertext developers
    Source
    IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. 22(1992) no.5, S.865-884
  6. Hu, D.; Kaza, S.; Chen, H.: Identifying significant facilitators of dark network evolution (2009) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Social networks evolve over time with the addition and removal of nodes and links to survive and thrive in their environments. Previous studies have shown that the link-formation process in such networks is influenced by a set of facilitators. However, there have been few empirical evaluations to determine the important facilitators. In a research partnership with law enforcement agencies, we used dynamic social-network analysis methods to examine several plausible facilitators of co-offending relationships in a large-scale narcotics network consisting of individuals and vehicles. Multivariate Cox regression and a two-proportion z-test on cyclic and focal closures of the network showed that mutual acquaintance and vehicle affiliations were significant facilitators for the network under study. We also found that homophily with respect to age, race, and gender were not good predictors of future link formation in these networks. Moreover, we examined the social causes and policy implications for the significance and insignificance of various facilitators including common jails on future co-offending. These findings provide important insights into the link-formation processes and the resilience of social networks. In addition, they can be used to aid in the prediction of future links. The methods described can also help in understanding the driving forces behind the formation and evolution of social networks facilitated by mobile and Web technologies.
    Date
    22. 3.2009 18:50:30
  7. Chen, H.; Dhar, V.: Cognitive process as a basis for intelligent retrieval system design (1991) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    2 studies were conducted to investigate the cognitive processes involved in online document-based information retrieval. These studies led to the development of 5 computerised models of online document retrieval. These models were incorporated into a design of an 'intelligent' document-based retrieval system. Following a discussion of this system, discusses the broader implications of the research for the design of information retrieval sysems
  8. Schatz, B.R.; Johnson, E.H.; Cochrane, P.A.; Chen, H.: Interactive term suggestion for users of digital libraries : using thesauri and co-occurrence lists for information retrieval (1996) 0.01 
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    Source
    Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries
  9. Chen, H.; Chung, W.; Qin, J.; Reid, E.; Sageman, M.; Weimann, G.: Uncovering the dark Web : a case study of Jihad on the Web (2008) 0.01 
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  10. Ramsey, M.C.; Chen, H.; Zhu, B.; Schatz, B.R.: ¬A collection of visual thesauri for browsing large collections of geographic images (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Digital libraries of geo-spatial multimedia content are currently deficient in providing fuzzy, concept-based retrieval mechanisms to users. The main challenge is that indexing and thesaurus creation are extremely labor-intensive processes for text documents and especially for images. Recently, 800.000 declassified staellite photographs were made available by the US Geological Survey. Additionally, millions of satellite and aerial photographs are archived in national and local map libraries. Such enormous collections make human indexing and thesaurus generation methods impossible to utilize. In this article we propose a scalable method to automatically generate visual thesauri of large collections of geo-spatial media using fuzzy, unsupervised machine-learning techniques
  11. Fu, T.; Abbasi, A.; Chen, H.: ¬A focused crawler for Dark Web forums (2010) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The unprecedented growth of the Internet has given rise to the Dark Web, the problematic facet of the Web associated with cybercrime, hate, and extremism. Despite the need for tools to collect and analyze Dark Web forums, the covert nature of this part of the Internet makes traditional Web crawling techniques insufficient for capturing such content. In this study, we propose a novel crawling system designed to collect Dark Web forum content. The system uses a human-assisted accessibility approach to gain access to Dark Web forums. Several URL ordering features and techniques enable efficient extraction of forum postings. The system also includes an incremental crawler coupled with a recall-improvement mechanism intended to facilitate enhanced retrieval and updating of collected content. Experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the human-assisted accessibility approach and the recall-improvement-based, incremental-update procedure yielded favorable results. The human-assisted approach significantly improved access to Dark Web forums while the incremental crawler with recall improvement also outperformed standard periodic- and incremental-update approaches. Using the system, we were able to collect over 100 Dark Web forums from three regions. A case study encompassing link and content analysis of collected forums was used to illustrate the value and importance of gathering and analyzing content from such online communities.
  12. Li, J.; Zhang, Z.; Li, X.; Chen, H.: Kernel-based learning for biomedical relation extraction (2008) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Relation extraction is the process of scanning text for relationships between named entities. Recently, significant studies have focused on automatically extracting relations from biomedical corpora. Most existing biomedical relation extractors require manual creation of biomedical lexicons or parsing templates based on domain knowledge. In this study, we propose to use kernel-based learning methods to automatically extract biomedical relations from literature text. We develop a framework of kernel-based learning for biomedical relation extraction. In particular, we modified the standard tree kernel function by incorporating a trace kernel to capture richer contextual information. In our experiments on a biomedical corpus, we compare different kernel functions for biomedical relation detection and classification. The experimental results show that a tree kernel outperforms word and sequence kernels for relation detection, our trace-tree kernel outperforms the standard tree kernel, and a composite kernel outperforms individual kernels for relation extraction.
  13. Chen, H.: Semantic research for digital libraries (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In this era of the Internet and distributed, multimedia computing, new and emerging classes of information systems applications have swept into the lives of office workers and people in general. From digital libraries, multimedia systems, geographic information systems, and collaborative computing to electronic commerce, virtual reality, and electronic video arts and games, these applications have created tremendous opportunities for information and computer science researchers and practitioners. As applications become more pervasive, pressing, and diverse, several well-known information retrieval (IR) problems have become even more urgent. Information overload, a result of the ease of information creation and transmission via the Internet and WWW, has become more troublesome (e.g., even stockbrokers and elementary school students, heavily exposed to various WWW search engines, are versed in such IR terminology as recall and precision). Significant variations in database formats and structures, the richness of information media (text, audio, and video), and an abundance of multilingual information content also have created severe information interoperability problems -- structural interoperability, media interoperability, and multilingual interoperability.
  14. Chen, H.; Ng, T.D.; Martinez, J.; Schatz, B.R.: ¬A concept space approach to addressing the vocabulary problem in scientific information retrieval : an experiment on the Worm Community System (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This research presents an algorithmic approach to addressing the vocabulary problem in scientific information retrieval and information sharing, using the molecular biology domain as an example. We first present a literature review of cognitive studies related to the vocabulary problem and vocabulary-based search aids (thesauri) and then discuss techniques for building robust and domain-specific thesauri to assist in cross-domain scientific information retrieval. Using a variation of the automatic thesaurus generation techniques, which we refer to as the concept space approach, we recently conducted an experiment in the molecular biology domain in which we created a C. elegans worm thesaurus of 7.657 worm-specific terms and a Drosophila fly thesaurus of 15.626 terms. About 30% of these terms overlapped, which created vocabulary paths from one subject domain to the other. Based on a cognitve study of term association involving 4 biologists, we found that a large percentage (59,6-85,6%) of the terms suggested by the subjects were identified in the cojoined fly-worm thesaurus. However, we found only a small percentage (8,4-18,1%) of the associations suggested by the subjects in the thesaurus
  15. Dang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, H.; Hu, P.J.-H.; Brown, S.A.; Larson, C.: Arizona Literature Mapper : an integrated approach to monitor and analyze global bioterrorism research literature (2009) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Biomedical research is critical to biodefense, which is drawing increasing attention from governments globally as well as from various research communities. The U.S. government has been closely monitoring and regulating biomedical research activities, particularly those studying or involving bioterrorism agents or diseases. Effective surveillance requires comprehensive understanding of extant biomedical research and timely detection of new developments or emerging trends. The rapid knowledge expansion, technical breakthroughs, and spiraling collaboration networks demand greater support for literature search and sharing, which cannot be effectively supported by conventional literature search mechanisms or systems. In this study, we propose an integrated approach that integrates advanced techniques for content analysis, network analysis, and information visualization. We design and implement Arizona Literature Mapper, a Web-based portal that allows users to gain timely, comprehensive understanding of bioterrorism research, including leading scientists, research groups, institutions as well as insights about current mainstream interests or emerging trends. We conduct two user studies to evaluate Arizona Literature Mapper and include a well-known system for benchmarking purposes. According to our results, Arizona Literature Mapper is significantly more effective for supporting users' search of bioterrorism publications than PubMed. Users consider Arizona Literature Mapper more useful and easier to use than PubMed. Users are also more satisfied with Arizona Literature Mapper and show stronger intentions to use it in the future. Assessments of Arizona Literature Mapper's analysis functions are also positive, as our subjects consider them useful, easy to use, and satisfactory. Our results have important implications that are also discussed in the article.
  16. Liu, X.; Kaza, S.; Zhang, P.; Chen, H.: Determining inventor status and its effect on knowledge diffusion : a study on nanotechnology literature from China, Russia, and India (2011) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    In an increasingly global research landscape, it is important to identify the most prolific researchers in various institutions and their influence on the diffusion of knowledge. Knowledge diffusion within institutions is influenced by not just the status of individual researchers but also the collaborative culture that determines status. There are various methods to measure individual status, but few studies have compared them or explored the possible effects of different cultures on the status measures. In this article, we examine knowledge diffusion within science and technology-oriented research organizations. Using social network analysis metrics to measure individual status in large-scale coauthorship networks, we studied an individual's impact on the recombination of knowledge to produce innovation in nanotechnology. Data from the most productive and high-impact institutions in China (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Russia (Russian Academy of Sciences), and India (Indian Institutes of Technology) were used. We found that boundary-spanning individuals influenced knowledge diffusion in all countries. However, our results also indicate that cultural and institutional differences may influence knowledge diffusion.
  17. Chen, H.; Ng, T.: ¬An algorithmic approach to concept exploration in a large knowledge network (automatic thesaurus consultation) : symbolic branch-and-bound search versus connectionist Hopfield Net Activation (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Presents a framework for knowledge discovery and concept exploration. In order to enhance the concept exploration capability of knowledge based systems and to alleviate the limitation of the manual browsing approach, develops 2 spreading activation based algorithms for concept exploration in large, heterogeneous networks of concepts (eg multiple thesauri). One algorithm, which is based on the symbolic AI paradigma, performs a conventional branch-and-bound search on a semantic net representation to identify other highly relevant concepts (a serial, optimal search process). The 2nd algorithm, which is absed on the neural network approach, executes the Hopfield net parallel relaxation and convergence process to identify 'convergent' concepts for some initial queries (a parallel, heuristic search process). Tests these 2 algorithms on a large text-based knowledge network of about 13.000 nodes (terms) and 80.000 directed links in the area of computing technologies
  18. Chen, H.; Baptista Nunes, J.M.; Ragsdell, G.; An, X.: Somatic and cultural knowledge : drivers of a habitus-driven model of tacit knowledge acquisition (2019) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The purpose of this paper is to identify and explain the role of individual learning and development in acquiring tacit knowledge in the context of the inexorable and intense continuous change (technological and otherwise) that characterizes our society today, and also to investigate the software (SW) sector, which is at the core of contemporary continuous change and is a paradigm of effective and intrinsic knowledge sharing (KS). This makes the SW sector unique and different from others where KS is so hard to implement. Design/methodology/approach The study employed an inductive qualitative approach based on a multi-case study approach, composed of three successful SW companies in China. These companies are representative of the fabric of the sector, namely a small- and medium-sized enterprise, a large private company and a large state-owned enterprise. The fieldwork included 44 participants who were interviewed using a semi-structured script. The interview data were coded and interpreted following the Straussian grounded theory pattern of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The process of interviewing was stopped when theoretical saturation was achieved after a careful process of theoretical sampling.
  19. Zhu, B.; Chen, H.: Information visualization (2004) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Visualization can be classified as scientific visualization, software visualization, or information visualization. Although the data differ, the underlying techniques have much in common. They use the same elements (visual cues) and follow the same rules of combining visual cues to deliver patterns. They all involve understanding human perception (Encarnacao, Foley, Bryson, & Feiner, 1994) and require domain knowledge (Tufte, 1990). Because most decisions are based an unstructured information, such as text documents, Web pages, or e-mail messages, this chapter focuses an the visualization of unstructured textual documents. The chapter reviews information visualization techniques developed over the last decade and examines how they have been applied in different domains. The first section provides the background by describing visualization history and giving overviews of scientific, software, and information visualization as well as the perceptual aspects of visualization. The next section assesses important visualization techniques that convert abstract information into visual objects and facilitate navigation through displays an a computer screen. It also explores information analysis algorithms that can be applied to identify or extract salient visualizable structures from collections of information. Information visualization systems that integrate different types of technologies to address problems in different domains are then surveyed; and we move an to a survey and critique of visualization system evaluation studies. The chapter concludes with a summary and identification of future research directions.
  20. Chung, W.; Chen, H.: Browsing the underdeveloped Web : an experiment on the Arabic Medical Web Directory (2009) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 3.2009 17:57:50

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