-
Zuccala, A.; Thelwall, M.; Oppenheim, C.; Dhiensa, R.: Web intelligence analyses of digital libraries : a case study of the National electronic Library for Health (NeLH) (2007)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of LexiURL as a Web intelligence tool for collecting and analysing links to digital libraries, focusing specifically on the National electronic Library for Health (NeLH). Design/methodology/approach - The Web intelligence techniques in this study are a combination of link analysis (web structure mining), web server log file analysis (web usage mining), and text analysis (web content mining), utilizing the power of commercial search engines and drawing upon the information science fields of bibliometrics and webometrics. LexiURL is a computer program designed to calculate summary statistics for lists of links or URLs. Its output is a series of standard reports, for example listing and counting all of the different domain names in the data. Findings - Link data, when analysed together with user transaction log files (i.e. Web referring domains) can provide insights into who is using a digital library and when, and who could be using the digital library if they are "surfing" a particular part of the Web; in this case any site that is linked to or colinked with the NeLH. This study found that the NeLH was embedded in a multifaceted Web context, including many governmental, educational, commercial and organisational sites, with the most interesting being sites from the.edu domain, representing American Universities. Not many links directed to the NeLH were followed on September 25, 2005 (the date of the log file analysis and link extraction analysis), which means that users who access the digital library have been arriving at the site via only a few select links, bookmarks and search engine searches, or non-electronic sources. Originality/value - A number of studies concerning digital library users have been carried out using log file analysis as a research tool. Log files focus on real-time user transactions; while LexiURL can be used to extract links and colinks associated with a digital library's growing Web network. This Web network is not recognized often enough, and can be a useful indication of where potential users are surfing, even if they have not yet specifically visited the NeLH site.
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Oppenheim, C.: Do citations count? : Citation indexing and the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) (1996)
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- Abstract
- Citations are used to illustrate or elaborate on a point, or to criticize. Citation studies, based on ISI's citation indexes, can help evaluate scientific research, while impact factors aid libraries in deciding which journals to cancel or purchase. Suggests that citiation counts can replace the costly RAE in assessing the research output of university departments
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Oppenheim, C.: National information policies and the need for a coalition for public information (1996)
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- Abstract
- Defines a national information policy, identifying 6 component areas. Describes some specific aspects of government action that can be used as a test of commitment to an national information policy. Suggests support for electronic information industries is one of the key methods by which a government can influence information policy, citing the case of the USA as an example. More specifically, considers freedom of information, and policy towards public and national libraries. Argues for the creation of a Coalition for Public Information in each major country, to provide a forum where members of the information community can participate in public policy discussions about technical, economic and social questions arising from the use of information derived from the new electronic communication and information delivery technologies
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Oppenheim, C.; Stuart, D.: Is there a correlation between investment in an academic library and a higher education institution's ratings in the Research Assessment Exercise? (2004)
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- Abstract
- Investigates whether a correlation exists between a UK university's academic excellence, as judged by its Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) ratings, and the amount spent on its library. Considers both macro and micro levels, looking at institutions as a whole, and on a departmental level within the area of archaeology. As well as comparing all the higher education institutions, this group is broken down further, comparing the ratings and spending of the Russell and 94 Groups. There are correlations between the different groups of higher education institutions and RAE ratings. However, rather than high RAE ratings causing high library spending or high library spending causing high RAE ratings, it is likely that they are indirectly linked, good universities having both high RAE ratings and good libraries and poor universities having low RAE ratings and less money spent on libraries. Also describes how libraries in universities with archaeology departments allocate budgets.
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Oppenheim, C.: ¬An agenda for action to achieve the information society in the UK (1996)
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- Abstract
- Discusses ways in which government can play a important role in shaping national policies for a nation's information infrastructure. Considers such factors as the development of national policies for: supporting the development of electronic information services; privacy and data protection; copyright; and public libraries and national libraries
- Source
- Journal of information science. 22(1996) no.6, S.407-421
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Oppenheim, C.: ¬The implications of copyright legislation for electronic access to journal collections (1994)
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- Abstract
- The nature and implications of electrocopying are summarised. After a brief review of the principles of copyright, the issue of whether electrocopying infringes copyright is debated. Publishers are aware of the threat that electrocopying poses to their business. The various options available to publishers for responding to electrocopying are summarised. Patterns of scholarly communications and the relationships between authors, publishers and libraries are being challenged. Constructive dialogue is necessary if the issues are to be resolved
- Source
- Journal of document and text management. 2(1994) no.1, S.10-22
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Oppenheim, C.: Intellectual property : legal and other issues (1997)
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- Source
- Information studies. 3(1997) no.1, S.5-22
-
Norris, M.; Oppenheim, C.: ¬The h-index : a broad review of a new bibliometric indicator (2010)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - This review aims to show, broadly, how the h-index has become a subject of widespread debate, how it has spawned many variants and diverse applications since first introduced in 2005 and some of the issues in its use. Design/methodology/approach - The review drew on a range of material published in 1990 or so sources published since 2005. From these sources, a number of themes were identified and discussed ranging from the h-index's advantages to which citation database might be selected for its calculation. Findings - The analysis shows how the h-index has quickly established itself as a major subject of interest in the field of bibliometrics. Study of the index ranges from its mathematical underpinning to a range of variants perceived to address the indexes' shortcomings. The review illustrates how widely the index has been applied but also how care must be taken in its application. Originality/value - The use of bibliometric indicators to measure research performance continues, with the h-index as its latest addition. The use of the h-index, its variants and many applications to which it has been put are still at the exploratory stage. The review shows the breadth and diversity of this research and the need to verify the veracity of the h-index by more studies.
- Date
- 8. 1.2011 19:22:13
-
Oppenheim, C.: Electronic scholarly publishing and open access (2009)
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- Abstract
- A review of recent developments in electronic publishing, with a focus on Open Access (OA) is provided. It describes the two main types of OA, i.e. the `gold' OA journal route and the 'green' repository route, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the two, and the reactions of the publishing industry to these developments. Quality, cost and copyright issues are explored, as well as some of the business models of OA. It is noted that whilst so far there is no evidence that a shift to OA will lead to libraries cancelling subscriptions to toll-access journals, this may happen in the future, and that despite the apparently compelling reasons for authors to move to OA, so far few have shown themselves willing to do so. Conclusions about the future of scholarly publications are drawn.
- Date
- 8. 7.2010 19:22:45
-
Oppenheim, C.; Morris, A.; McKnight, C.: ¬The evaluation of WWW search engines (2000)
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- Abstract
- The literature of the evaluation of Internet search engines is reviewed. Although there have been many studies, there has been little consistency in the way such studies have been carried out. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that recall is virtually impossible to calculate in the fast changing Internet environment, and therefore the traditional Cranfield type of evaluation is not usually possible. A variety of alternative evaluation methods has been suggested to overcome this difficulty. The authors recommend that a standardised set of tools is developed for the evaluation of web search engines so that, in future, comparisons can be made between search engines more effectively, and that variations in performance of any given search engine over time can be tracked. The paper itself does not provide such a standard set of tools, but it investigates the issues and makes preliminary recommendations of the types of tools needed
-
Oppenheim, C.: Using the h-Index to rank influential British researchers in information science and librarianship (2007)
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- Abstract
- The recently developed h-index has been applied to the literature produced by senior British-based academics in librarianship and information science. The majority of those evaluated currently hold senior positions in UK information science and librarianship departments; however, a small number of staff in other departments and retired "founding fathers" were analyzed as well. The analysis was carried out using the Web of Science (Thomson Scientific, Philadelphia, PA) for the years from 1992 to October 2005, and included both secondauthored papers and self-citations. The top-ranking British information scientist, Peter Willett, has an h-index of 31. However, it was found that Eugene Garfield, the founder of modern citation studies, has an even higher h-index of 36. These results support other studies suggesting that the h-index is a useful tool in the armory of bibliometrics.
-
Grainger-Smith, N.; Oppenheim, C.: ¬The role of information systems and technology (IS/IT) in investment banks (1994)
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- Abstract
- Considers the role of information systems and information technology (IT) within investment banks, based upon a survey of the literature and a small scale case study. Considers whether investment banks receive value for money from their investment in IT, and ways in which IT can be evaluated for its contribution to profitability. Concludes that failure to implement techniques for systematically identifying and qualifying IT costs and benefits has mede it difficult for them to determine the level of added value resulting from such investment and the contribution of IT towards the bottom line. Considers also what role technology plays in the strategic management process and concludes that it is essential to incorporate both information and IT strategy into the strategic management process, to ensue that IT is cooncentrated in those areas in which it cann add most value. Finally, considers the potential for deriving competitive advantage from IT
-
Eager, C.; Oppenheim, C.: ¬An observational method for undertaking user needs studies (1996)
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- Abstract
- The study of information needs has long be acknowlegded as one of the most important factors in the design of information services but has been hampered by the severe problem of designing user studies that will reliably measure them. Reviews the literature of previous research in this field, concluding that time and money are the chief constraints on information seeking behaviour. Describes a new observational technique for identifying the information needs of users and reports results of a small scale experiment to test the methodology. The observational technique involves the researcher being with the subject continuously throughout the day and observing their actions. The behaviour recorded was any action taken in order to answer a question. A small scale study was undertaken of 3 academics from the Psychology Department, University of Strathclyde, using the observational technique. The preferred technique of all the academics was to carry out their own research, followed by consultation with other individuals. One lecturer was a significantly heavier user of electronic media than the other two. The preferred physical locations of the information sources were personal collections and the University Library. One lecturer consistently used a wide range of sources while the other two strongly preferred to use personal contacts. Informal sources were found to be twice as popular as formal sources. A follow up questionnaire survey examined the possibility that previous training in the use of the library could explain the differences in the use of electronic information sources but results were found to be negative. Concludes that the new research tool developed for this type of study is both robust and likely to yield reliable information about user information needs
-
Baird, L.M.; Oppenheim, C.: Do citations matter? (1994)
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- Abstract
- Citation indexes are based on the principle of authors citing previous articles of relevance. The paper demonstrates the long history of citing for precedent and notes how ISI's citation indexes differ from 'Shephards Citations'. The paper analyses some of the criticisms of citations counting, and some of the uses for which citation analysis has been employed. The paper also examines the idea of the development of an Acknowledgement Index, and concludes such an index is unlikely to be commercially viable. The paper describes a citation study of Eugene Garfield, and concludes that he may be the most heavily cited information scientist, that he is a heavy self-citer, and that the reasons why other authors cite Garfield are different from the reasons why he cites himself. The paper concludes that citation studies remain a valid methgod of analysis of individuals', institutions', or journals' impact, but need to be used with caution and in conjunction with other measures
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Oppenheim, C.: ¬The virtual library : some common sense please (1994)
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- Abstract
- Queries the interpretations of the 'virtual library' made by authors and others. It is erroneous to relate the term to the possibilities of delivering the full text plus images of articles and books to the client's terminal, irrespective of where the client is located. Offers 3 definitions of 'vitual reality' taken from the literature. The concept is in its infacy. it will be many years before it becomes applied to libraries. The 'electronic library', 'the library without walls' and 'the networked library' are all acceptable terms
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Oppenheim, C.: ¬The legal problems associated with electronic copyright management systems (1996)
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- Abstract
- Outlines existing treaties and legislation relating to copyright such as the Berne Convention, the Unfair Contract Terms Act and the concept of fair dealing. Assesses the role of Electronic Copyright Management Systems (ECMS) in protecting holders of rights; their relationship to the law in the UK, USA, and Europe; and their value in providing an agreed framework between libraries, users and publishers, so that the concept of the 'electronic' library can become a reality
