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Kokabi, M.: Is the future of MARC assured? (1996)
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- Abstract
- MARC is now more than 20 years old. It has been, and still is, criticized from different point of view. Reviews some of the positive and negative opinions on MARC, as expressed by different sectors of the profession, and studies the future of MARC in relation to technological innovations. Concludes that MARC remains a valuable means of communicating bibliographical information
-
Kokabi, M.: Is the future of MARC assured? (1996)
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- Abstract
- The MARC machine readable catalogue is now more than 20 years old. It has been, and still is, criticized from different points of view. Reviews some positive and negative opinions on MARC as expressed by different sectors of the profession, and considers its future in relation to technological innovations. MARC remains a valuable means of communicating bibliographical information
-
Duclos-Faure, D.: Format d'echange des donnees locales : ou en sommes-nous? (1997)
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- Abstract
- Since Sep 1996 a group with representatives from the French National Library (BNF), French Joint Catalogue (CCF), Directorate of Scientific and Technical Information (DISTNB), Directorate of Reading (DL) and the Higher Education Bibliography Agency (ABES) has been working on establishing a format for exchanging local data which will accomodtae the needs of all users; conform to international standards and take account of new technological tools (Z39.50-1995). Using pre-existing formats with UNIMARC as the basis, the new format will allow selection of documents by different location criteria, establish conditions of communication and manage interlibrary loan. To date fields have been defined for data on location and management of copies, and for descriptive data on copies
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: Formats of exchanging local data: where are we now?
-
Murphy, C.: Curriculum-enhanced MARC (CEMARC) : a new cataloging format for school librarians (1995)
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- Abstract
- Briefly summarizes the problems encountered when attempting to use the USMARC cataloguing format in US school libraries and describes the development of CEMARC format by the Northwest Ohio Educational Technology Foundation (NWOET), which addresses the main problems by: offering sata entry guidelines for a minimum USMARC standard in order to clarify inconsistencies in application; and by suggesting enhancements and new fields that go beyond the USMARC standard. Concludes with brief notes on early CEMARC implementation
- Date
- 11. 9.1996 19:22:20
- Imprint
- Kalamazoo, MI : International Association of School Librarianship
- Source
- Literacy: traditional, cultural, technological. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the International Association of School Librarianship (selected papers), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh University, School of Library and Information Science, 17-22 Jul 94
-
McCallum, S.H.: Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC): 1975-2007 (2009)
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- Abstract
- This entry describes the development of the MARC Communications format. After a brief overview of the initial 10 years it describes the succeeding phases of development up to the present. This takes the reader through the expansion of the format for all types of bibliographic data and for a multiple character scripts. At the same time a large business community was developing that offered products based on the format to the library community. The introduction of the Internet in the 1990s and the Web technology brought new opportunities and challenges and the format was adapted to this new environment. There has been a great deal of international adoption of the format that has continued into the 2000s. More recently new syntaxes for MARC 21 and models are being explored.
- Date
- 27. 8.2011 14:22:38
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
Tennant, R.: ¬A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the twenty-first century (2004)
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- Abstract
- The current library bibliographic infrastructure was constructed in the early days of computers - before the Web, XML, and a variety of other technological advances that now offer new opportunities. General requirements of a modern metadata infrastructure for libraries are identified, including such qualities as versatility, extensibility, granularity, and openness. A new kind of metadata infrastructure is then proposed that exhibits at least some of those qualities. Some key challenges that must be overcome to implement a change of this magnitude are identified.
- Date
- 9.12.2005 19:22:38
- Source
- Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.2, S.175-181
-
Mueller, C.J.; Whittaker, M.A.: What is this thing called MARC(S)? (1990)
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- Abstract
- Contribution to an issue devoted to serials and reference services. Familiarity with the basic elements of the MARC format and their effect on the display and retrieval of bibliographic data is an essential element of public service in those libraries with MARC-based on-line catalogues. Describes the components of a MARC record. To successfully retrieve the information sought from an on-line catalogue, the catalogue user must know whether it is in an indexed field and, if so, must be familiar with the search strategies required by the system.
-
Carini, P.; Shepherd, K.: ¬The MARC standard and encoded archival description (2004)
0.03
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- Abstract
- This case study details the evolution of descriptive practices and standards used in the Mount Holyoke College Archives and the Five College Finding Aids Access Project, discusses the relationship of Encoded Archival Description (EAD) and the MARC standard in reference to archival description, and addresses the challenges and opportunities of transferring data from one metadata standard to another. The study demonstrates that greater standardization in archival description allows archivists to respond more effectively to technological change.
- Source
- Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.18-27
-
Format integration and its effect on the USMARC bibliographic format (1992)
0.03
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- Abstract
- Shows the bibliographic format as it currently exists, as well as the format integration work remaining to be done. Additionally, appendices bring together the elements to be added, extended to other forms of material, and made obsolete, as well as name changes. Also presents an overview of format integration. Addenda are being issued with the publication to keep it up to date
- Editor
- Library of Congress
- Footnote
- Replaces the 1988 edition. Use with the new edition of 'USMARC format for bibliographic data (1994)' when planning for format integration
- Imprint
- Washington : Library of Congress
-
Sandberg-Fox, A.M.: ¬The microcomputer revolution (2001)
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- Abstract
- With the introduction of the microcomputer in the 1980s, a revolution of sorts was initiated. In libraries this was evidenced by the acquisition of personal computers and the software to run on them. All that catalogers needed were cataloging rules and a MARC format to ensure their bibliographic control. However, little did catalogers realize they were dealing with an industry that introduced rapid technological changes, which effected continual revision of existing rules and the formulation of special guidelines to deal with the industry's innovative products. This article focuses on the attempts of libraries and organized cataloging groups to develop the Chapter 9 descriptive cataloging rules in AACR2; it highlights selected events and includes cataloging examples that illustrate the evolution of the chapter.
-
Format integration and its effect on cataloging, training, and systems (1993)
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- Series
- ALCTS papers on library technical services and collections; no.4
-
Graham, C.; Johnston, J.: Format integration and serials cataloging (1997)
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- Abstract
- Outlines some goals which format integration has achieved, and also some new problems which it brings. Cataloguers therefore have a great deal to consider in formulating policies
- Footnote
- Report of a workshop held at the North American Serials Interest Group, Inc., 11th annual conference, 20-23 Jun 96
-
Miller, D.R.: XML: Libraries' strategic opportunity (2001)
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- Abstract
- XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is fast gaining favor as the universal format for data and document exchange -- in effect becoming the lingua franca of the Information Age. Currently, "library information" is at a particular disadvantage on the rapidly evolving World Wide Web. Why? Despite libraries'explorations of web catalogs, scanning projects, digital data repositories, and creation of web pages galore, there remains a digital divide. The core of libraries' data troves are stored in proprietary formats of integrated library systems (ILS) and in the complex and arcane MARC formats -- both restricted chiefly to the province of technical services and systems librarians. Even they are hard-pressed to extract and integrate this wealth of data with resources from outside this rarefied environment. Segregation of library information underlies many difficulties: producing standard bibliographic citations from MARC data, automatically creating new materials lists (including new web resources) on a particular topic, exchanging data with our vendors, and even migrating from one ILS to another. Why do we continue to hobble our potential by embracing these self-imposed limitations? Most ILSs began in libraries, which soon recognized the pitfalls of do-it-yourself solutions. Thus, we wisely anticipated the necessity for standards. However, with the advent of the web, we soon found "our" collections and a flood of new resources appearing in digital format on opposite sides of the divide. If we do not act quickly to integrate library resources with mainstream web resources, we are in grave danger of becoming marginalized
-
Wisser, K.M.; O'Brien Roper, J.: Maximizing metadata : exploring the EAD-MARC relationship (2003)
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- Abstract
- Encoded Archival Description (EAD) has provided a new way to approach manuscript and archival collection representation. A review of previous representational practices and problems highlights the benefits of using EAD. This new approach should be considered a partner rather than an adversary in the access providing process. Technological capabilities now allow for multiple metadata schemas to be employed in the creation of the finding aid. Crosswalks allow for MARC records to be generated from the detailed encoding of an EAD finding aid. In the process of creating these crosswalks and detailed encoding, EAD has generated more changes in traditional processes and procedures than originally imagined. The North Carolina State University (NCSU) Libraries sought to test the process of crosswalking EAD to MARC, investigating how this process used technology as well as changed physical procedures. By creating a complex and indepth EAD template for finding aids, with accompanying related encoding analogs embedded within the element structure, MARC records were generated that required minor editing and revision for inclusion in the NCSU Libraries OPAC. The creation of this bridge between EAD and MARC has stimulated theoretical discussions about the role of collaboration, technology, and expertise in the ongoing struggle to maximize access to our collections. While this study is a only a first attempt at harnessing this potential, a presentation of the tensions, struggles, and successes provides illumination to some of the larger issues facing special collections today.
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Salgáné, M.M.: Our electronic era and bibliographic informations computer-related bibliographic data formats, metadata formats and BDML (2005)
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- Abstract
- Using new communication technologies libraries must face continuously new questions, possibilities and expectations. This study discusses library-related aspects of our electronic era and how computer-related data formats affect bibliographic dataprocessing to give a summary of the most important results. First bibliographic formats for the exchange of bibliographic and related information in the machine-readable form between different types of computer systems were created more than 30 years ago. The evolution of information technologies leads to the improvement of computer systems. In addition to the development of computers and media types Internet has a great influence on data structure as well. Since the introduction of MARC bibliographic format, technology of data exchange between computers and between different computer systems has reached a very sophisticated stage and has contributed to the creation of new standards in this field. Today libraries work with this new infrastructure that induces many challenges. One of the most significant challenges is moving from a relatively homogenous bibliographic environment to a diverse one. Despite these challenges such changes are achievable and necessary to exploit possibilities of new metadata and technologies like the Internet and XML (Extensible Markup Language). XML is an open standard, a universal language for data on the Web. XML is nearly six-years-old standard designed for the description and computer-based management of (semi)-structured data and structured texts. XML gives developers the power to deliver structured data from a wide variety of applications and it is also an ideal format from server-to-server transfer of structured data. XML also isn't limited for Internet use and is an especially valuable tool in the field of library. In fact, XML's main strength - organizing information - makes it perfect for exchanging data between different systems. Tools that work with the XML can be used to process XML records without incurring additional costs associated with one's own software development. In addition, XML is also a suitable format for library web services. The Department of Computer-related Graphic Design and Library and Information Sciences of Debrecen University launched the BDML (Bibliographic Description Markup Language) development project in order to standardize bibliogrphic description with the help of XML.
- Source
- Librarianship in the information age: Proceedings of the 13th BOBCATSSS Symposium, 31 January - 2 February 2005 in Budapest, Hungary. Eds.: Marte Langeland u.a
-
Snow, M.: Visual depictions and the use of MARC : a view from the trenches of slide librarianship (1989)
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- Abstract
- Paper presented at a symposium on 'Implementing the Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT): Controlled Vocabulary in the Extended MARC format', held at the 1989 Annual Conference of the Art Libraries Society of North America. The only way to get bibliographic records on to campus on-line library catalogues, and slide records on the national bibliographic utilities, is through the use of MARC. Discusses the importance of having individual slide and photograph records on the national bibliographic utilities, and considers the obstacles which currently make this difficult. Discusses mapping to MARC from data base management systems.
- Date
- 4.12.1995 22:51:36
-
Durand, J.J.: Making your MARC (1997)
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- Abstract
- Addresses some of the questions raised by school library media specialists but intended to help all those whose last cataloguing course was taken in library school before the technological revolution to make the most of the MARC record format. Covers necessary cataloguing tools and basic information needed to create an accurate MARC record, as well as successful additional information and some expectations of its future iuses. Emphasizes the importance of accurate MARC records if the online catalogue is to meet user needs, and be able to be merged with other catalogues. Also notes the MARC record's usefulness in streamlining activities such as circulation, use statistics, overdue notices, holding reports, bibliographies and inventories
- Source
- Journal of youth services in libraries. 10(1997) no.3, S.276-282
-
Coyle, K.: Future considerations : the functional library systems record (2004)
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- Abstract
- The paper performs a thought experiment on the concept of a record based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records and library system functions, and concludes that if we want to develop a functional bibliographic record we need to do it within the context of a flexible, functional library systems record structure. The article suggests a new way to look at the library systems record that would allow libraries to move forward in terms of technology but also in terms of serving library users.
- Source
- Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.2, S.166-174
-
Radwanski, A.: Rozwoj formatu MARC (1996)
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- Abstract
- Discusses the origins of the MARC format and its development connected with the proceedings of the Library of Congress and the British Library. Presents 2 standards: ISO 2709 and ISBD. Focuses on national and international formats elaborated in the 1970s and 1980s, including UNIMARC (1975) and CCF (1984). Outlines the prospects and directions of MARC format development, that is, integration of the format and implementing MARC in the network environment
- Date
- 22. 2.1999 20:34:37
- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Development of the MARC format
-
Bales, K.: ¬The USMARC formats and visual materials (1989)
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- Abstract
- Paper presented at a symposium on 'Implementing the Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT): Controlled Vocabulary in the Extended MARC format', held at the 1989 Annual Conference of the Art Libraries Society of North America. Describes how changes are effected in MARC and the role of the various groups in the library community that are involved in the implementing these changes. Discusses the expansion of the formats to accomodate cataloguing and retrieval for visual materials. Expanded capabilities for coding visual materials offer greater opportunity for user access.
- Date
- 4.12.1995 22:40:20
