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Haywood, T.: ¬The withering of public access (1989)
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- Abstract
- A powerful argued case for the proposition that public access to information is being impeded by the convergence of certain economic, political and technological tendencies
- LCSH
- Freedom of information / Great Britain
- PRECIS
- Great Britain / Freedom of information
- Subject
- Freedom of information / Great Britain
Great Britain / Freedom of information
-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Abstract
- A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
- Content
- Originally published July 1981 as Internal Report 81-2, Dept. of Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 3400 Gottingen, W.-Germany.
- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
Fiction in libraries (1986)
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- LCSH
- Libraries / Great Britain / Special collections / Fiction collections
Public libraries / Great Britain
Fiction in libraries / Great Britain
- PRECIS
- Great Britain / Public libraries / Stock: Fiction
- Subject
- Libraries / Great Britain / Special collections / Fiction collections
Public libraries / Great Britain
Fiction in libraries / Great Britain
Great Britain / Public libraries / Stock: Fiction
-
Slack, F.: Subject searching in OPACs : a general survey of facilities available on OPACs in academic libraries in the UK (1988)
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- Footnote
- Vgl. auch die neuere Studie: Crawford, J.C. et al.: A survey of subject access to academic library catalogues in Great Britain in: Journal of librarianship and information science 25(1993) no.2, S.85-93)
-
Crawford, M.J.: Information broking : a new carees in information work (1988)
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- Abstract
- To the information broker knowledge is business and information is a commodity. This pamphlet considers some of the reasons people are going into the information broking business and who their clients are
- PRECIS
- Great Britain / Information broking services
- Subject
- Great Britain / Information broking services
-
Chen, C.-C.: As we think : thriving in the hyperweb environment (1989)
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- Abstract
- Provides a quick summary of the historical development of hypertext/hypermedia. Discusses hypermedia's place in today's dynamic information environment, the potential problem with hypertext/hypermedia systems, and the effect of new technological developments on hypermedia application. Describes PROJECT EMPEROR-I, a hypermedia R&D project and discusses the potential of this type of application for librarians, information professionals, and education media specialists.
- Source
- Proceedings of the 2nd Pacific Conference on New Information Technology for Library & Information Professionals, Educational Media Specialists & Technologists. Singapore, 29-31 May 1989. Ed. by C.-C. Chen and D.I. Raitt, MicroUse Information and FID
-
Sweeney, R.: Dewey in Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1985)
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-
Sieburth, J.F.: Online search services in the academic library : planning, management, and operation (1988)
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- PRECIS
- Higher education institutions / Libraries / Information services / Technological innovation
- Subject
- Higher education institutions / Libraries / Information services / Technological innovation
-
Hartley, J.; Trueman, M.: ¬The effect of headings in texts on recall, search and retrieval (1983)
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- Source
- British journal of educational psychology. 53(1983), S.205-214
-
Schabas, A.H.: Postcoordinate retrieval : a comparison of two retrieval languages (1982)
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- Abstract
- This article reports on a comparison of the postcoordinate retrieval effectiveness of two indexing languages: LCSH and PRECIS. The effect of augmenting each with title words was also studies. The database for the study was over 15.000 UK MARC records. Users returned 5.326 relevant judgements for citations retrieved for 61 SDI profiles, representing a wide variety of subjects. Results are reported in terms of precision and relative recall. Pure/applied sciences data and social science data were analyzed separately. Cochran's significance tests for ratios were used to interpret the findings. Recall emerged as the more important measure discriminating the behavior of the two languages. Addition of title words was found to improve recall of both indexing languages significantly. A direct relationship was observed between recall and exhaustivity. For the social sciences searches, recalls from PRECIS alone and from PRECIS with title words were significantly higher than those from LCSH alone and from LCSH with title words, respectively. Corresponding comparisons for the pure/applied sciences searches revealed no significant differences
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 33(1982), S.32-37
-
Schmidmaier, D.: Transition from school to technological university-what assistance may be offered by a librarian : experiences in the GDR (1989)
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- Abstract
- Contribution to an issue on technological university libraries in East europe. Discusses an approach adopted by technological university libraries in East Germany towards new students. Discusses the following aspects of this approach: the library atmosphere and guidance systems, quality of service offered; motivation of new students; organisation of leisure time; and seeking a closer relationship with the student in a specific subject area. Lists 3 tendencies in the work of East German technological university libraries.
-
Weingarten, R.: ¬Die Verkabelung der Sprache : Grenzen der Technisierung von Kommunikation (1989)
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- LCSH
- Communication / Technological innovations
- Subject
- Communication / Technological innovations
-
Salton, G.: Automatic processing of foreign language documents (1985)
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- Abstract
- The attempt to computerize a process, such as indexing, abstracting, classifying, or retrieving information, begins with an analysis of the process into its intellectual and nonintellectual components. That part of the process which is amenable to computerization is mechanical or algorithmic. What is not is intellectual or creative and requires human intervention. Gerard Salton has been an innovator, experimenter, and promoter in the area of mechanized information systems since the early 1960s. He has been particularly ingenious at analyzing the process of information retrieval into its algorithmic components. He received a doctorate in applied mathematics from Harvard University before moving to the computer science department at Cornell, where he developed a prototype automatic retrieval system called SMART. Working with this system he and his students contributed for over a decade to our theoretical understanding of the retrieval process. On a more practical level, they have contributed design criteria for operating retrieval systems. The following selection presents one of the early descriptions of the SMART system; it is valuable as it shows the direction automatic retrieval methods were to take beyond simple word-matching techniques. These include various word normalization techniques to improve recall, for instance, the separation of words into stems and affixes; the correlation and clustering, using statistical association measures, of related terms; and the identification, using a concept thesaurus, of synonymous, broader, narrower, and sibling terms. They include, as weIl, techniques, both linguistic and statistical, to deal with the thorny problem of how to automatically extract from texts index terms that consist of more than one word. They include weighting techniques and various documentrequest matching algorithms. Significant among the latter are those which produce a retrieval output of citations ranked in relevante order. During the 1970s, Salton and his students went an to further refine these various techniques, particularly the weighting and statistical association measures. Many of their early innovations seem commonplace today. Some of their later techniques are still ahead of their time and await technological developments for implementation. The particular focus of the selection that follows is an the evaluation of a particular component of the SMART system, a multilingual thesaurus. By mapping English language expressions and their German equivalents to a common concept number, the thesaurus permitted the automatic processing of German language documents against English language queries and vice versa. The results of the evaluation, as it turned out, were somewhat inconclusive. However, this SMART experiment suggested in a bold and optimistic way how one might proceed to answer such complex questions as What is meant by retrieval language compatability? How it is to be achieved, and how evaluated?
- Footnote
- Original in: Journal of the American Society for Information Science 21(1970) no.3, S.187-194.
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
-
Striedieck, S.: Online catalog maintenance : the OOPS command in LIAS (1985)
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- Abstract
- LIAS, the Pennsylvania State University's (Penn State) integrated interactive online system, provides for messaging by the user to inform library staff of errors found in bibliographic records. The message is sent by use of the OOPS command, and results in a printout which is used by processing staff for online catalog maintenance. This article describes LIAS, the use of the OOPS command, the processing of the resulting OOPS reports, an assessment of the effect of its use, and some speculation on the expansion of the LIAS message system for use in catalog maintenance.
- Date
- 7. 1.2007 13:22:30
-
Stine, D.: ¬The effect of AACR2 and serials cataloging on medium-sized research libraries (1983)
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-
Lancaster, F.W.: Electronic publishing (1989)
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- Abstract
- Contribution to an issue on the impact of technological change on libraries and ways in which librarians are applying technology to their collections, services to users and the management of their libraries. Traces the evolution of electronic publishing from the early 60s to the present. Pays particular attention to computer conferencing, and hypermedia.
-
Pflug, A.: Software documentation-a new library resource of grey literature in the Central Library for Technology of the GDR. (1989)
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- Abstract
- Contribution to an issue on technological university libraries in East Europe. Discusses how grey literature is made accessible by means of computerisation at the Central Library for Technology of East Germany at Dresden University of Technology (DUT). Examines the software and relates it to activities at DUT Library.
-
Boyce, B.R.; McLain, J.P.: Entry point depth and online search using a controlled vocabulary (1989)
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- Abstract
- The depth of indexing, the number of terms assigned on average to each document in a retrieval system as entry points, has a significantly effect on the standard retrieval performance measures in modern commercial retrieval systems, just as it did in previous experimental work. Tests on the effect of basic index search, as opposed to controlled vocabulary search, in these real systems are quite different than traditional comparisons of free text searching with controlled vocabulary searching. In modern commercial systems the controlled vocabulary serves as a precision device, since the strucure of the default for unqualified search terms in these systems requires that it do so.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 40(1989), S.273-276
-
Kahn, P.: Making a difference : a review of the user interface features in six CD-ROM database products (1988)
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- Abstract
- When considering an end-user's need to access information in a large data base, the real difference introduced by CD-ROM is not access from the personal computer per se, but local access from the personal computer. The question that must ne asked is this: should this difference affect the design of the user interface for searching large data bases on CD-ROM? 6 CD-ROM bibliographic data base products are reviewed: BRS/colleague MEDLINE, Wilsondisc Cumulative Book Index and MLA International bibliography, Dialog OnDisc ERIC, SilverPlatter Sociofile, CCOHS (Reteaco Findit) CCINFOdisc, and KnowledgeFinder MEDLINE. The user interface and functionality of each product is discussed in terms of 5 criteria: browsing, using menus, refining a search, accessing an on-line version, and printing and saving results. This review distinguishes between design features in each product which are holdovers from the on-line command interfaces of the past and innovations in user interface design made possible by having the data base locally on CD-ROM
-
Tague, J.; Schultz, R.: Evaluation of the user interface in an information retrieval system : a model (1989)
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- Abstract
- Planning the evaluation of an information retrieval system involves a determination of the performance descriptors and measures appropriate to the system objectives and a development of an evaluation design that ensures the effect of variation in components of interest will be isolated and assessed in an anbiased fashion. Presents an evaluation model that is appropriate to the assessment of the effect, from the perspective of the user, of variation in the interface to the system. The model is exemplified by an application to evaluation of an experimental on-line public access catalogue interface.
