Search (196 results, page 1 of 10)

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LCSH

Internet / United States
Library information networks / United States
Online library catalogs / Remote access / United States

Subject

Internet / United States
Library information networks / United States
Online library catalogs / Remote access / United States

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LCSH

Best books / United States

Subject

Best books / United States

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Abstract

As new technologies and information delivery systems emerge, the way in which individuals search for information to support research, teaching, and creative activities is changing. To understand different aspects of researchers' information-seeking behavior, this article surveyed 2,063 academic researchers in natural science, engineering, and medical science from five research universities in the United States. A Web-based, in-depth questionnaire was designed to quantify researchers' information searching, information use, and information storage behaviors. Descriptive statistics are reported. Additionally, analysis of results is broken out by institutions to compare differences among universities. Significant findings are reported, with the biggest changes because of increased utilization of electronic methods for searching, sharing, and storing scholarly content, as well as for utilizing library services. Generally speaking, researchers in the five universities had similar information-seeking behavior, with small differences because of varying academic unit structures and myriad library services provided at the individual institutions.

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Abstract

Cancer is second only to heart disease as a leading cause of non-accidental death in the United States, accounting for 23% of all deaths in 1993 (Thomas 1992). The information required to support clinical decision-making related to the diagnosis, therapy, and treatment of cancer is derived from a wide range of sources including imaging modalities such as CT scans, X-ray, and MRI. As a multi-disciplinary area in medicine, medical oncology has unique information needs. Medical oncologists must be familiar with the diagnostic tools of the pathologist, radiologist, pharmacist and, increasingly, the molecular biologist. In addition, patients with cancer may be managed by several physicians with varied areas of medical expertise and clinical perspectives on the patient's problem. As a result, the medical oncologist often is required to interact with other medical specialists in the course of caring for the cancer patient. The multiplicity of diagnostic and therapeutic options including imaging technologies, requires the oncologist to be actively involved in both the seeking and dissemination of information. An additional compounding factor in this regard is that the oncologist in the academic medical center setting is often involved in research as well as in patient care.

Date

22. 3.2002 9:40:39

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Abstract

More than 5000 publications related to library user instruction and information literacy have been published and reviewed in the past thirty years. New developments in education and technology during the last two decades have affected user instruction and have led to the emergence of information literacy. Based on needs related to the rapid development of information technology and the evolving information society, librarians have begun teaching information skills to all types of users to ensure that they gain information fluency so they can become productive and effective information users both in the education environment and in the work environment. The number of publications related to user instruction and information literacy, like the field itself, show phenomenal growth during the past three decades as demonstrated by the fact that in 1973 twenty-eight publications were reviewed, and in 2002 more than 300 publications dealing with the topic of information literacy will be issued. It is noteworthy that in the last decade there has been a tremendous growth in publications related to information literacy globally. During the 1970s, publications indicate that user instruction activities were of concern primarily to librarians in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. At the present time, publications indicate a major concern with information literacy not only in the countries mentioned above but also in China, Germany, Mexico, Scandinavia, Singapore, South Africa, South America, Spain, and others. On an annual hasis, the majority of the publications have addressed information literacy in academic libraries (60 percent) followed by publications related to information literacy instruction in school media centers (20 percent).

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Abstract

This article reports the results of a survey of reference librarians in public and academic libraries of various sizes in the United States, asking them about their experiences with and attitudes towards the use of digital and networked technologies and resources in reference work. A total of 648 responded. In general, respondents were positive and optimistic in their outlook, but not unreservedly so. Among the strongest findings was a correlation between recent experience at doing digital reference and positive attitudes towards it, a clear set of opinions about what such services would be best and worst at, and differing perspectives and patterns of responses between academic and public librarians. In addition, questions asking about characteristics of librarians, their current and planned reference services, and some of their professional choices in doing reference work are reported.

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Abstract

In an effort to understand how academic scientists seek information relevant to their research in today's environment of ubiquitous electronic access, a correlation framework is built and regression analysis is applied to the survey results from 2,063 academic researchers in natural science, engineering, and medical science at five research universities in the United States. Previous work has reported descriptive statistics about these scientists' information-seeking behavior. This study extends that work to examine relationships between scientists' information-seeking behaviors and their personal and environmental factors. Several regression models, including the Poisson model, the logit model, and the ordered logit model, are built to interpret the correlation among scientists' behaviors. In addition, exploratory factor analysis is used for data reduction. Overall, many factors were found to affect the specific information-seeking behaviors of scientists, including demographic, psychological, role-related, and environmental factors. Of the factors having an effect, academic position was the most important determinant of information behavior.

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Abstract

While information resources have contributed to the overall decline in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the United States, these benefits have not been experienced equally. Our article describes formative research conducted as part of a larger study focused on the development of an online HIV prevention platform tailored for Black female college students. To inform the design of our platform, we conducted focus groups with 60 Black women enrolled at two predominantly White institutions (PWIs). The purpose of the focus groups was to understand information needs, awareness of specific information resources, and the search strategies employed for finding and evaluating HIV prevention information. We used hypervisibility as a sensitizing lens for making sense of how the intersecting gender and racial identities of Black womanhood shape information-seeking behavior. Four themes emerged: platform choice and privacy, relatability, respectability politics, and silence on campus. The themes depict discursive representations specific to Black female identity to manage stigma, reduce their hypervisibility, and amplify their authentic voices in the broader HIV prevention discourse. Our findings contribute to human information behavior scholarship on marginalized groups.

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Abstract

Information literacy can be defined in terms of information skills needed by all citizens to be successful in the information environment of the twenty-first century. Information literacy standards indicating levels of proficiency for K-12 students, published by the American Association of School Librarians and the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, have been available and in use since 1989. Education departments in many states have mandated the inclusion of information skills teaching throughout the K-12 curricula. Outcome measurements for information skills developed by the Association of College and Research Libraries in 2000 (http://www.ala.org/acrl/ilstandardlo.html) can be addressed in terms of what type of information skills students in higher education need to acquire to become successful students, professionals and researchers and ultimately productive workers in the society of the twenty-first century. Integrating information literacy instruction throughout the curricula in the K-12 school environment as well as throughout higher education needs to become a major goal for librarians, faculty, and teachers. Methodology to accomplish this and related case studies describing actual learning environments in which information skills are taught are described in this issue. The need for information literacy instruction is a global issue and included in this publication are examples from the United States as well as China, the Netherlands, and South Africa.

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Abstract

The "teaching librarian" or "librarian as teacher" is a professional role that has been discussed in the literature of library and information science in recent decades, particularly in relation to bibliographic instruction and information literacy development. This paper reports on a small-scale research project, undertaken in 2002, that investigated the demand for library professionals with knowledge of or skills in instructional techniques and strategies. The project was based on an extensive literature review, plus content analysis of library and information science job advertisements on the international LIBJOBS listserv. The literature review has been updated for this BOBCATSSS paper, as have aspects of the content analysis, in order to provide delegates with more recent information. The idea of a teaching role for librarians is far from new. Michael Lorenzen (2002) has traced academic library-based instruction as far back as the seventeenth century when German academic libraries provided instructional programmes for library users. In academic and school libraries in the nineteenth century it usually took the form of "library orientation" - making sure that students and faculty knew how to find the books and other material for their courses. In the United States, some American university librarians were lecturing to students as early as the 1880s (Lorenzen, 2002). In nineteenth and early twentieth century public libraries, library instruction often took the form of literature promotion or reading promotion activities for children and young people, and even of "lessons" on how to look after books, right down to the need for washing hands before handling books. The introduction of card catalogues and classification systems such as the Dewey Decimal Classification resulted in a need for user education in all kinds of libraries, with sessions based on topics such as "The card catalogue: The key to the library" and "How to find a book on the shelves". The introduction of automated catalogues from the 1960s, and later, databases on CD-ROMs, online information services for end users, and the Internet, have increased the need and demand for formal and informal user education, regardless of the type and size of library. Indeed, there is no doubt that interest in library-based instruction has increased in recent decades: on the basis of an analysis of the literature related to the instructional role of librarians, Edwards (1994) noted that "during the past quarter century, interest and concern for library instruction has grown dramatically", while Marcum said in 2002 that "Over the past decade ... information literacy has emerged as a central purpose for librarians, particularly academic librarians".

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Abstract

Contribution to a feature on health care within the library systems. Considers the role libraries should play in providing medical information to library users, with particular reference to the Mountain States of the Pacific Northwest USA, in light of a survey of academic libraries in Idaho, Montana and Wyoming: 3 large states with no medical schools or large medical libraries. Results show that academic libraries in all 3 states surveyed are performing a significant function in providing medical information to users, including the general public. Receiving medical questions has become an established part of a reference librarian's routine in academic libraries of all sizes, and such questions are particularly common in smaller libraries, such as community and two year college libraries

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper seeks to identify the changes in cognition associated with becoming information-literate, specifically, in relation to the evaluation of information. Additionally, it puts forward a model for a teaching and learning intervention that engages the learner and leads to higher order information literacy (IL) thinking. From a theoretical perspective the research integrates ideas from the fields of IL, teaching and learning, e-learning and information behaviour (IB). Design/methodology/approach - Three interventions were designed to develop the information literacies of first-year undergraduates studying Sport and Exercise at Staffordshire University, to teach and test IL. Interventions took a blended approach and combined face-to-face and online social network learning (OSNL) - also referred to as social media learning (SML) - and focused on one aspect of information literacy: the ability to evaluate source material. Data were captured via interviews, focus groups and from the online discussion that was analysed thematically and categorised using task, behaviour, cognitive states, affective states, cognitive states and knowledge. This helped to evaluate the efficacy of the interventions and provided data for further analysis. This paper focuses on the cognitive data and their transitions during the interventions and, in particular, among those respondents who experienced OSNL. Findings - The changing cognitive states, associated with IL learning were modelled and made evident key cognitive states and transitions. This is represented in the paper in diagrammatic and mathematical notation. The findings indicate the complexity of the information behaviours associated with IL including the cognitive, behavioural, cognitive and affective elements. Although the cognitive transitions are the focus of this paper, an insight is also given into an IL intervention that fosters the capability to interact critically and reflectively with information. The pedagogy that underpins these changes is indicated. The intervention, which incorporated OSNL, proved the most successful. Research limitations/implications - Undergraduate students' IB can be changed and IL developed. Additional long-term data would have indicated whether this intervention had a lasting impact on the undergraduates. Practical implications - IL practitioners should consider incorporating OSNL and assessment in their interventions. Incorporating discussion, reflection and peer-to-peer assessment is likely to lead to deeper learning when teaching IL. Originality/value - The research adds detail to the understanding of the cognitive, behavioural, affective and cognitive states associated with IL and makes explicit how these may change, as the learner becomes information-literate.

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Abstract

Reports on the findings of a survey made by the United Kingdom Office of Library Networking (UKOLN) on the use of the Internet in public libraries. Questionnaires were sent to all library authorities and there was a 100% response. The results indicate that 53% of all public library authorities in the UK had some form of Internet connection, but only 0,4% of these service points gave the public free access. Other areas investigated include numbers of dedicated workstations, how they are connected, use made of the service, and the types of information services being accessed

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Abstract

Examines the issues relating to the provision of online and CD-ROM technology in public libraries with questions concerning the funding and value of information in a library setting and their implications for access. Reviews the role of the public library in the total library network and makes comparisons between libraries in various states and their online policies tabulating data on: online search fees, numbers of searches conducted; types of users; and when searches takes place

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Abstract

Analyses the success of reference enquiry work based on the assumption that consideration of users' willingness to return to the same librarian avoids the limitations associated with using accuracy as the primary measure of success. The analysis is based on data from the Willingsness to Return Study carried out by the author using unobtrusive methodology since 1986, and supplemented by a further study of professional practice at job and career information centres in several states in the USA. Examines a variety of factors thrown up by these studies which are associated with successful reference interaction

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Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Information services: disruption, states and strategies

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Abstract

Discusses some obstacles to the use of electronic information. Outlines the major differences between information from online, CD-ROM and Web sources. Analyzes data from Arhus Public Library's (Denmak) business information services, 1992-96, citing electronic information media as the reason for the decrease in the number of enquiries after 1994. States that future users of electronic information will need a more professional attitude and new skills. Defines a concept of 'Web information literacy' and discusses 2 implications: knowledge about the Internet and its resources, and innovativeness as a major component in Internet user skills

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Abstract

This paper reports the results of a survey of information needs and information seeking behaviour of a national sample of the UK population. The project was funded by the BLR&IC and comprised a survey by questionnaire covering all regions of the United Kingdom. 1.294 responses were received giving a valid and demographically respresentative response rate of 45,7%. Major findings include: that the majority of respondents had sought information in the past (59,4%) and that an even greater number predicted a future need for information (78,4%). Over three quarters of respondents said that they would use public libraries and between half and three quarters would approach CABx, post offices, government departments or family and friends. Face to face communicationss and reading a book were the most popular means of accessing information but a wide variety of other preferred options were cited. Only a small proportion expressed a preference for using a computer to seek information and there was a clear emphasis on public libraries as an appropriate location for accessing computerised information. A highly significant majority (79,2%) believed that access to information was very important for exercising their rights as citizens. Many significant variables, in terms of age, gender, status and region were found. In particular it was felt significant that young people were less sure of the importance of being able to access information

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Abstract

It is imperative that reference librarians remain current in their knowledge of the evolving information industry and the strategies with which needed information can be identified and accessed. In order to maintain professional competence and currency, librarians need to engage in frequent, appropriate continuing professional education. Discusses certification and censure which are either in place or under discussion in some states of the USA, in an attempt to mandate participation in continuing education. The library profession has now entered into a new paradigm that focuses on the client, and the needs of the client, and the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to ensure that the profession remains a significant player in the information industry will require continual updating