Search (8 results, page 1 of 1)

0.02578794 = product of:
  0.06446985 = sum of:
    0.05276554 = weight(_text_:computers in 1448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.05276554 = score(doc=1448,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.22709264 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.257537 = idf(docFreq=625, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04319373 = queryNorm
        0.2323525 = fieldWeight in 1448, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.257537 = idf(docFreq=625, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1448)
    0.011704308 = product of:
      0.023408616 = sum of:
        0.023408616 = weight(_text_:22 in 1448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.023408616 = score(doc=1448,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15125708 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04319373 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 1448, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1448)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.4 = coord(2/5)

Abstract

For a snapshot of something that is mutating as quickly as the Internet, The Whole Internet: The Next Generation exhibits remarkable comprehensiveness and accuracy. It's a good panoramic shot of Web sites, Usenet newsgroups, e-mail, mailing lists, chat software, electronic commerce, and the communities that have begun to emerge around all of these. This is the book to buy if you have a handle on certain aspects of the Internet experience--e-mail and Web surfing, for example--but want to learn what else the global network has to offer--say, Web banking or mailing-list management. The authors clearly have seen a thing or two online and are able to share their experiences entertainingly and with clarity. However, they commit the mistake of misidentifying an Amazon.com book review as a publisher's synopsis of a book. Aside from that transgression, The Whole Internet presents detailed information on much of the Internet. In most cases, coverage explains what something (online stock trading, free homepage sites, whatever) is all about and then provides you with enough how-to information to let you start exploring on your own. Coverage ranges from the super-basic (how to surf) to the fairly complex (sharing an Internet connection among several home computers on a network). Along the way, readers get insight into buying, selling, meeting, relating, and doing most everything else on the Internet. While other books explain the first steps into the Internet community with more graphics, this one will remain useful to the newcomer long after he or she has become comfortable using the Internet.

Footnote

Rez. in: Internet Professionell. 2000, H.2, S.22

0.016395314 = product of:
  0.040988285 = sum of:
    0.02638277 = weight(_text_:computers in 312) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.02638277 = score(doc=312,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.22709264 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.257537 = idf(docFreq=625, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04319373 = queryNorm
        0.11617625 = fieldWeight in 312, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.257537 = idf(docFreq=625, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=312)
    0.014605515 = product of:
      0.02921103 = sum of:
        0.02921103 = weight(_text_:history in 312) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.02921103 = score(doc=312,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.20093648 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04319373 = queryNorm
            0.14537445 = fieldWeight in 312, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=312)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.4 = coord(2/5)

Abstract

How do you find your way in an age of information overload? How can you filter streams of complex information to pull out only what you want? Why does it matter how information is structured when Google seems to magically bring up the right answer to your questions? What does it mean to be "findable" in this day and age? This eye-opening new book examines the convergence of information and connectivity. Written by Peter Morville, author of the groundbreakin Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, the book defines our current age as a state of unlimited findability. In other words, anyone can find anything at any time. Complete navigability. Morville discusses the Internet, GIS, and other network technologies that are coming together to make unlimited findability possible. He explores how the melding of these innovations impacts society, since Web access is now a standard requirement for successful people and businesses. But before he does that, Morville looks back at the history of wayfinding and human evolution, suggesting that our fear of being lost has driven us to create maps, charts, and now, the mobile Internet.

Footnote

Rez. in: nfd - Information Wissenschaft und Praxis 57(2006) H.3, S.177-178 (D. Lewandowski): "Wohl unbestritten ist, dass die Suche in Informationsbeständen eine immer größere Bedeutung erhält. Wir suchen nicht nur noch explizit, indem wir ein Informationssystem anwählen und dort eine Suche absetzen, sondern verwenden Suchfunktionen innerhalb von Programmen, auf Websites, innerhalb des Betriebssystems unseres Computers oder sogar ziemlich unbewusst, indem wir Informationen maßgeschneidert aufgrund einer einmal hinterlegten Suche oder eines automatisch erstellten Suchprofils erhalten. Man kann also in der Tat davon sprechen, dass wir von der Suche umgeben werden. Das ist mit dem Konzept der "Ambient Findability" gemeint. Angelehnt ist diese Bezeichnung an den Begriff der "Ambient Music" (in den 70er Jahren durch Brian Eno geprägt), die den Hörer umgibt und von ihm oft gar nicht aktiv wahrgenommen wird. Um eine Vorstellung von dieser Musik zu bekommen, eignet sich vielleicht am besten der Titel einer Platte eben von Brian Eno: "Music for Airports". Peter Morville, bekannt als Co-Autor des empfehlenswerten Buchs "Information Architecture for the World Wide Web"', hat sich nun mit der Veränderung der Suche auseinandergesetzt. Sein Buch bedient sich in ganz unterschiedlichen Disziplinen, um die Prozesse des Suchens, Stöberns und Findens aufzuzeigen. So finden sich Betrachtungen über die Orientierung des Menschen in unbekannten Umgebungen, über die Interaktion mit Informationssystemen, über das soziale Verhalten der Web-Nutzer (Stichworte: Content-Tagging, Folksonomies, Social Networking) und über technische Veränderungen durch die Verfügbarkeit von Informationssystemen in allen Lebenskontexten, vor allem auch über mobile Endgeräte. Das Buch ist in sieben Kapitel gegliedert. Das erste, "Lost and Found" betitelt, bietet auf wenigen Seiten die Definitionen der zentralen Begriffe ambient und findability, erläutert kurz das Konzept der Information Literacy und zeigt, dass die bessere Auffindbarkeit von Informationen nicht nur ein schöner Zusatznutzen ist, sondern sich für Unternehmen deutlich auszahlt.
Das zweite Kapitel ("A Brief History of Wayfinding") beschreibt, wie Menschen sich in Umgebungen zurechtfinden. Dies ist insofern interessant, als hier nicht erst bei Informationssystemen oder dem WWW begonnen wird, sondern allgemeine Erkenntnisse beispielsweise über die Orientierung in natürlichen Umgebungen präsentiert werden. Viele typische Verhaltensweisen der Nutzer von Informationssystemen können so erklärt werden. So interessant dieses Thema allerdings ist, wirkt das Kapitel leider doch nur wie eine Zusammenstellung von Informationen aus zweiter Hand. Offensichtlich ist, dass Morville nicht selbst an diesen Themen geforscht hat, sondern die Ergebnisse (wenn auch auf ansprechende Weise) zusammengeschrieben hat. Dieser Eindruck bestätigt sich auch in weiteren Kapiteln: Ein flüssig geschriebener Text, der es jedoch an einigen Stellen an Substanz fehlen lässt. Kapitel drei, "Information Interaction" beginnt mit einem Rückgriff auf Calvin Mooers zentrale Aussage aus dem Jahre 1959: "An information retrieval system will tend not to be used whenever it is more painful and troublesome for a customer to have information than for him not to have it." In der Tat sollte man sich dies bei der Erstellung von Informationssystemen immer vergegenwärtigen; die Reihe der Systeme, die gerade an dieser Hürde gescheitert sind, ist lang. Das weitere Kapitel führt in einige zentrale Konzepte der Informationswissenschaft (Definition des Begriffs Information, Erläuterung des Information Retrieval, Wissensrepräsentation, Information Seeking Behaviour) ein, allerdings ohne jeden Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Es wirkt vielmehr so, dass der Autor sich die gerade für sein Anliegen passenden Konzepte auswählt und konkurrierende Ansätze beiseite lässt. Nur ein Beispiel: Im Abschnitt "Information Interaction" wird relativ ausführlich das Konzept des Berrypicking nach Marcia J. Bates präsentiert, allerdings wird es geradezu als exklusiv verkauft, was es natürlich bei weitem nicht ist. Natürlich kann es nicht Aufgabe dieses Buchs sein, einen vollständigen Überblick über alle Theorien des menschlichen Suchverhaltens zu geben (dies ist an anderer Stelle vorbildlich geleistet worden'), aber doch wenigstens der Hinweis auf einige zentrale Ansätze wäre angebracht gewesen. Spätestens in diesem Kapitel wird klar, dass das Buch sich definitiv nicht an Informationswissenschaftler wendet, die auf der einen Seite mit den grundlegenden Themen vertraut sein dürften, andererseits ein wenig mehr Tiefgang erwarten würden. Also stellt sich die Frage - und diese ist zentral für die Bewertung des gesamten Werks.

0.009707888 = product of:
  0.048539437 = sum of:
    0.048539437 = sum of:
      0.030982977 = weight(_text_:history in 1442) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.030982977 = score(doc=1442,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.20093648 = queryWeight, product of:
            4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04319373 = queryNorm
          0.1541929 = fieldWeight in 1442, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1442)
      0.017556462 = weight(_text_:22 in 1442) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.017556462 = score(doc=1442,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.15125708 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04319373 = queryNorm
          0.116070345 = fieldWeight in 1442, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1442)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: 1. Wissensgesellschaft Michael NIEHAUS: Durch ein Meer von Unwägbarkeiten - Metaphorik in der Wissensgesellschaft S.3 Karsten WEBER: Aufgaben für eine (globale) Wissensgesellschaft oder "Welcome to the new IT? S.9 Katy TEUBENER: Chronos & Kairos. Inhaltsorganisation und Zeitkultur im Internet S.22 Klaus KRAEMER: Wissen und Nachhaltigkeit. Wissensasymmetrien als Problem einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung S.30 2. Lehre und Lernen Gehard BUDIN: Wissensorganisation als Gestaltungsprinzip virtuellen Lernens - epistemische, kommunikative und methodische Anforderungen S.39 Christan SWERTZ: Webdidaktik: Effiziente Inhaltsproduktion für netzbasierte Trainings S.49 Ingrid LOHMANN: Cognitive Mapping im Cyberpunk - Uber Postmoderne und die Transformation eines für so gut wie tot erklärten Literaturgenres zum Bildungstitel S.54 Rudolf W. KECK, Stefanie KOLLMANN, Christian RITZI: Pictura Paedagogica Online - Konzeption und Verwirklichung S.65 Jadranka LASIC-LASIC, Aida SLAVIC, Mihaela BANEK: Gemeinsame Ausbildung der IT Spezialisten an der Universität Zagreb: Vorteile und Probleme S.76 3. Informationsdesign und Visualisierung Maximilian EIBL, Thomas MANDL: Die Qualität von Visualisierungen: Eine Methode zum Vergleich zweidimensionaler Karten S.89 Udo L. FIGGE: Technische Anleitungen und der Erwerb kohärenten Wissens S.116 Monika WITSCH: Ästhetische Zeichenanalyse - eine Methode zur Analyse fundamentalistischer Agitation im Internet S.123 Oliver GERSTHEIMER, Christian LUPP: Systemdesign - Wissen um den Menschen: Bedürfnisorientierte Produktentwicklung im Mobile Business S.135 Philip ZERWECK: Mehrdimensionale Ordnungssysteme im virtuellen Raum anhand eines Desktops S.141
4. Wissensmanagement und Wissenserschließung René JORNA: Organizational Forms and Knowledge Types S.149 Petra BOSCH-SIJTSERRA: The Virtual Organisation and Knowledge Development: A Case of Expectations S.160 Stefan SMOLNIK, Ludmig NASTARSKY: K-Discovery: Identifikation von verteilten Wissensstrukturen in einer prozessorientierten Groupware-Umgebung S.171 Alexander SIGEL: Wissensorganisation, Topic Maps und Ontology Engineering: Die Verbindung bewährter Begriffsstrukuren mit aktueller XML-Technologie S.185 Gerhard RAHMSTORF: Strukturierung von inhaltlichen Daten: Topic Maps und Concepto S.194 Daniella SAMOWSKI: Informationsdienstleistungen und multimediale Wissensorganisation für die Filmwissenschaft und den Medienstandort Babelsberg oder: Was hat Big Brother mit einer Hochschulbibliothek zu tun? S.207 Harald KLEIN: Web Content Mining S.217 5. Wissensportale Peter HABER, Jan HODEL: Die History Toolbox der Universität Basel S.225 H. Peter OHLY: Gestaltungsprinzipien bei sozialwissenschaftlichen Wissensportalen im Internet S.234 Markus QUANDT: souinet.de - ein Internetjournal mit Berichten aus den Sozialwissenschaften. Ziele und Konzept einer neuen Informationsplattform S.247 Jörn SIEGLERSCHMIDT: Das Museum als Interface S.264

0.0061965953 = product of:
  0.030982977 = sum of:
    0.030982977 = product of:
      0.061965954 = sum of:
        0.061965954 = weight(_text_:history in 4985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.061965954 = score(doc=4985,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.20093648 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04319373 = queryNorm
            0.3083858 = fieldWeight in 4985, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4985)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Content

Inhalt: The importance of information need -- The history of information need -- The framework for our discussion -- Modeling the user in information search -- Information seeking's conceptualization of information need during information search -- Information use -- Adaptation : internal information flows and knowledge generation -- A theory of information need -- How information need works -- The user's situation in the pre-focus search -- The situation of user's information need in pre-focus information search -- The selection concept -- A review of the user's pre-focus information search -- How information need works in a focusing search -- Circles 1 to 5 : how information need works -- Corroborating research -- Applying information need -- The astrolabe : an information system for stage 3 information exploration -- Conclusion.

0.005842206 = product of:
  0.02921103 = sum of:
    0.02921103 = product of:
      0.05842206 = sum of:
        0.05842206 = weight(_text_:history in 1160) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.05842206 = score(doc=1160,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.20093648 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04319373 = queryNorm
            0.2907489 = fieldWeight in 1160, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1160)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

LCSH

Search engines / History

Subject

Search engines / History

0.005842206 = product of:
  0.02921103 = sum of:
    0.02921103 = product of:
      0.05842206 = sum of:
        0.05842206 = weight(_text_:history in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.05842206 = score(doc=158,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.20093648 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04319373 = queryNorm
            0.2907489 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Abstract

This book contributes to discussions within Information Retrieval and Science (IR&S) by improving our conceptual understanding of the relationship between humans and technology. A call to redirect the intellectual focus of information retrieval and science (IR&S) toward the phenomenon of technology-mediated experience. In this book, Sachi Arafat and Elham Ashoori issue a call to reorient the intellectual focus of information retrieval and science (IR&S) away from search and related processes toward the more general phenomenon of technology-mediated experience. Technology-mediated experience accounts for an increasing proportion of human lived experience; the phenomenon of mediation gets at the heart of the human-machine relationship. Framing IR&S more broadly in this way generalizes its problems and perspectives, dovetailing them with those shared across disciplines dealing with socio-technical phenomena. This reorientation of IR&S requires imagining it as a new kind of science: a science of technology-mediated experience (STME). Arafat and Ashoori not only offer detailed analysis of the foundational concepts underlying IR&S and other technical disciplines but also boldly call for a radical, systematic appropriation of the sciences and humanities to create a better understanding of the human-technology relationship. Arafat and Ashoori discuss the notion of progress in IR&S and consider ideas of progress from the history and philosophy of science. They argue that progress in IR&S requires explicit linking between technical and nontechnical aspects of discourse. They develop a network of basic questions and present a discursive framework for addressing these questions. With this book, Arafat and Ashoori provide both a manifesto for the reimagining of their field and the foundations on which a reframed IR&S would rest.

Series

History and foundations of information science

0.002921103 = product of:
  0.014605515 = sum of:
    0.014605515 = product of:
      0.02921103 = sum of:
        0.02921103 = weight(_text_:history in 93) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.02921103 = score(doc=93,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.20093648 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04319373 = queryNorm
            0.14537445 = fieldWeight in 93, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=93)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.1, S.152-153 (J.P. Bolstad): "Over the past decade, digital library research and technology have evolved and progressed rapidly. The desire to create new and better digital library systems has inspired researchers and academics worldwide to join forces and work together to develop more efficient and user-friendly technologies. Primarily inspired by ideas presented at the Fourth International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries, which was held in 2002 in Singapore, this book illustrates a selection of diverse digital library systems that have been created in recent years, as researchers have continued to further their ideas about new developments and trends in digital libraries. In Design and Usability of Digital Libraries, the editors, Theng and Foo, compile a collection of 20 valuable case studies written by various researchers. These case studies address not only the successes that have been achieved in improving digital library research and technology, but also the problems and failures that have been discovered. Thus, researchers can perhaps learn from the errors that have occurred in these case studies and prevent the same mistakes from happening in the future. This book also demonstrates the large amount of collaboration that has occurred among various research groups throughout different countries in the Asia Pacific region. The representation of such diverse perspectives from different places is what makes the book interesting because it is particularly enlightening to read about what other countries have developed in terms of digital libraries. In general, the book is organized uniformly and is easy to follow. Each chapter represents one case study and the order of the chapters makes complete sense, as the text flows smoothly from beginning to end. The first chapter begins with a basic history of digital libraries, which helps to familiarize readers with the concept of what a digital library is and provides a brief introduction to how digital libraries came to be. The next few chapters touch on such topics as the design architecture and systems of digital libraries, implementation issues and challenges when designing digital libraries, use and impact of these libraries in societies, considerations that need to be taken into account regarding users and usability, as well as projections of future trends of digital libraries. The editors brilliantly piece together all of the chapters to make the entire book cohesive.
The chapters are generally less than 20 pages, which allows for concise presentations of each case study. Each chapter contains, more or less, a brief abstract, introduction, related works section, methodology section, conclusion, and references. The chapters are further categorized into six thematic sections. Section I focuses on the history of digital libraries in the Asia Pacific. Section II, composed of four chapters, focuses on the design architecture and systems of digital libraries. The next five chapters, in section III, examine challenges in implementing digital library systems. This section is particularly interesting because issues such as multicultural and multilingual barriers are discussed. Section IV is about the use of and impact of digital libraries in a society. All four chapters in this section emphasize improvements that need to be made to digital libraries regarding different types of users. Particularly important is chapter 14, which discusses digital libraries and their effects on youth. The conclusion of this case study revealed that digital libraries need to support peer learning, as there are many social benefits for youth from interacting with peers. Section V, which focuses on users and usability, consists of five chapters. This section relates directly to the implementation challenges that are mentioned in section III, providing specific examples of cross-cultural issues among users that need to be taken into consideration. In addition, section V discusses the differences in media types and the difficulties with transforming these resources into digital formats. For example, chapter 18, which is about designing a music digital library, demonstrates the difficulties in selecting from the numerous types of technologies that can be used to digitize library collections. Finally, the chapter in section VI discusses the future trends of digital libraries. The editors successfully present diverse perspectives about digital libraries, by including case studies performed in numerous different countries throughout the Asia Pacific region. Countries represented in the case studies include Indonesia, Taiwan, India, China, Singapore, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Philippines, Japan, and Malaysia. The diversity of the users in these countries helps to illustrate the numerous differences and similarities that digital library designers need to take into consideration in the future when developing a universal digital library system. In order to create a successful digital library system that can benefit all users, there must be a sense of balance in the technology used, and the authors of the case studies in this book have definitely proved that there are distinct barriers that need to be overcome in order to achieve this harmony.

0.0020655317 = product of:
  0.010327659 = sum of:
    0.010327659 = product of:
      0.020655317 = sum of:
        0.020655317 = weight(_text_:history in 339) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020655317 = score(doc=339,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.20093648 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04319373 = queryNorm
            0.10279526 = fieldWeight in 339, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.6519823 = idf(docFreq=1146, maxDocs=44218)
              0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=339)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.2 = coord(1/5)

Footnote

Other selected specialized metadata element sets or schemas, such as Government Information Locator Service (GILS), are presented. Attention is brought to the different sets of elements and the need for linking up these elements across metadata schemes from a semantic point of view. It is no surprise, then, that after the presentation of additional specialized sets of metadata from the educational community and the arts sector, attention is turned to the discussion of Crosswalks between metadata element sets or the mapping of one metadata standard to another. Finally, the five appendices detailing elements found in Dublin Core, GILS, ARIADNE versions 3 and 3. 1, and Categories for the Description of Works of Art are an excellent addition to this chapter's focus on metadata and communities of practice. Chapters 3-6 provide an up-to-date account of the use of metadata standards in Libraries from the point of view of a community of practice. Some of the content standards included in these four chapters are AACR2, Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), and Library of Congress Subject Classification. In addition, uses of MARC along with planned implementations of the archival community's encoding scheme, EAD, are covered in detail. In a way, content in these chapters can be considered as a refresher course on the history, current state, importance, and usefulness of the above-mentioned standards in Libraries. Application of the standards is offered for various types of materials, such as monographic materials, continuing resources, and integrating library metadata into local catalogs and databases. A review of current digital library projects takes place in Chapter 7. While details about these projects tend to become out of date fast, the sections on issues and problems encountered in digital projects and successes and failures deserve any reader's close inspection. A suggested model is important enough to merit a specific mention below, in a short list format, as it encapsulates lessons learned from issues, problems, successes, and failures in digital projects. Before detailing the model, however, the various projects included in Chapter 7 should be mentioned. The projects are: Colorado Digitization Project, Cooperative Online Resource Catalog (an Office of Research project by OCLC, Inc.), California Digital Library, JSTOR, LC's National Digital Library Program and VARIATIONS.