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  • × theme_ss:"Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme"
  1. Foskett, D.J.: ¬'A rustic in the library' : The first Dr. Pafford Memorial Lecture (1997) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The elements that comprise 'style' in creative writing are directly applicable to librarians, in the choice of books and periodicals, and in the process of cataloguing and classification to make them accessible to users. By the selection and arrangement of their stock librarians reveal professional accounts of the culture they have inherited and are endeavouring to pass on to future generations. Illustrates the discussion with particular reference to the life and career of Dr. John Henry Pyle Pafford, Librarian at London University, and in particular to his views on the development of general classification schemes, such as the DDC and BC, and the work of the CRG. Concludes by noting his work in the fields of education, national and international library cooperation, and as Library-Keeper of the University
    Date
    9. 2.1997 18:44:22
    Source
    Journal of librarianship and information science. 29(1997) no.4, S.211-216
  2. Krishnamurthy, M.; Satija, M.P.; Martínez-Ávila, D.: Classification of classifications : species of library classifications (2024) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Acknowledging the importance of classification not only for library and information science but also for the study and mapping of the world phenomena, in this paper we revisit and systematize the main types of classifications and focus on the species of classification mainly drawing on the work of S. R. Ranganathan. We trace the evolution of library classification systems by their structures and modes of design of various shades of classification systems and make a comparative study of enumerative and faceted species of library classifications. The value of this paper is to have a picture of the whole spectrum of existing classifications, which may serve for the study of future developments and constructions of new systems. This paper updates previous works by Comaromi and Ranganathan and is also theoretically inspired by them.
  3. LaBarre, K.: ¬The heritage of early FC in document reference retrieval systems : 1920-1969 (2007) 0.03 
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    Date
    28.12.2007 19:29:10
    Source
    Library history. 23(2007) no.2, S.129-149
  4. Wellisch, H.H.: Organisatorische Neuordnung des DK-Systems (1971) 0.03 
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    Source
    Nachrichten für Dokumentation. 22(1971), S.55-63
  5. Rafferty, P.: ¬The representation of knowledge in library classification schemes (2001) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    This article explores the representation of knowledge through the discursive practice of 'general' or 'universal' classification schemes. These classification schemes were constructed within a philosophical framework which viewed `man' as the central focus in the universe, which believed in progress through science and research, and which privileged written documentation over other forms. All major classification schemes are built on clearly identifiable systems of knowledge, and all classification schemes, as discursive formations, regulate the ways in which knowledge is made accessible. Of particular interest in determining how knowledge is represented in classification schemes are the following: - Main classes: classification theorists have attempted to 'discipline epistemology' in the sense of imposing main class structures with the view to simplifying access to knowledge in documents for library users. - Notational language: a number of classification theorists were particularly interested in the establishment of symbolic languages through notation. The article considers these aspects of classification theory in relation to: the Dewey Decimal Classification scheme; Otlet and La Fontaine's Universal Bibliographic Classification and the International Institute of Bibliography; Henry Evelyn Bliss's Bibliographic Classification; and S.R. Ranganathan's Colon Classification.
  6. Beghtol, C.: Exploring new approaches to the organization of knowledge : the subject classification of James Duff Brown (2004) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    James Duff Brown was an influential and energetic librarian in Great Britain in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His Subject Classification has characteristics that were unusual and idiosyncratic during his own time, but his work deserves recognition as one of the precursors of modern bibliographic classification systems. This article discusses a number of theories and classification practices that Brown developed. In particular, it investigates his views on the order of main classes, on the phenomenon of "concrete" subjects, and on the need for synthesized notations. It traces these ideas briefly into the future through the work of S. R. Ranganathan, the Classification Research Group, and the second edition of the Bliss Bibliographic Classification system. It concludes that Brown's work warrants further study for the light it may shed on current classification theory and practice.
    Footnote
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: Pioneers in library and information science
    Source
    Library trends. 52(2004) no.4, S.702-718
  7. Barat, A.H.: Hungarians in the history of the UDC (2014) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    I outline a major segment of the history of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) in Hungary and all related important events and activities. Significant and committed specialists who played prominent role on a national and international level are also mentioned. It's not an overstatement, that the usage and publications of the UDC in Hungary are significant milestones in the international history of UDC. The usage of UDC has been very widespread and it is found in different types of libraries. People who were responsible for the developing of information retrieval systems and quality of these methods were very engaged and participated in international activities. There were several huge libraries such as special, academic, municipal and national library where UDC has been employed since quite early on and the leaders of these pioneer libraries travelled widely and were active in international researches and practices.
    Source
    Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
  8. Dewey, M.: Decimal classification beginnings (1990) 0.02 
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    Date
    25.12.1995 22:28:43
    Footnote
    Reprint of article originally published in Library journal 15 Feb 20.
    Source
    Library journal. 115(1990) no.11, S.87-90
  9. Miksa, F.L.: ¬The development of classification at the Library of Congress (1984) 0.02 
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    Imprint
    Urbana, Ill. : Univ. of Ill., Graduate School of Library and Information Science
  10. Olson, H.A.: Hegel's epistemograph, classification, and Spivak's postcolonial reason (2010) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    A major characteristic of classification is teleology interpreted as a linear progression toward knowledge. G.W.F. Hegel's three stages of knowledge development: Being (Sein), Essence (Wesen), and Idea (Begriff), explicated in his Science of logic form such a progression. Feminist postcolonial critic Gayatri Spivak calls this kind of progression as an "epistemograph". Classification is a manifestation of Western logic and the sequence of main classes is illustrative of the progression that reflects Hegel's epistemograph. DDC and UDC between them represent library classification globally and use a sequence of main classes derived from Hegel and indirectly from Bacon. The lingering consequences of this heritage still create dilemmas in our organization of knowledge.
    Source
    Paradigms and conceptual systems in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the Eleventh International ISKO Conference, 23-26 February 2010 Rome, Italy. Edited by Claudio Gnoli and Fulvio Mazzocchi
  11. Classification research for knowledge representation and organization : Proc. of the 5th Int. Study Conf. on Classification Research, Toronto, Canada, 24.-28.6.1991 (1992) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    This volume deals with both theoretical and empirical research in classification and encompasses universal classification systems, special classification systems, thesauri and the place of classification in a broad spectrum of document and information systems. Papers fall into one or three major areas as follows: 1) general principles and policies 2) structure and logic in classification; and empirical investigation; classification in the design of various types of document/information systems. The papers originate from the ISCCR '91 conference and have been selected according to the following criteria: relevance to the conference theme; importance of the topic in the representation and organization of knowledge; quality; and originality in terms of potential contribution to research and new knowledge.
    Content
    Enthält die Beiträge: SVENONIUS, E.: Classification: prospects, problems, and possibilities; BEALL, J.: Editing the Dewey Decimal Classification online: the evolution of the DDC database; BEGHTOL, C.: Toward a theory of fiction analysis for information storage and retrieval; CRAVEN, T.C.: Concept relation structures and their graphic display; FUGMANN, R.: Illusory goals in information science research; GILCHRIST, A.: UDC: the 1990's and beyond; GREEN, R.: The expression of syntagmatic relationships in indexing: are frame-based index languages the answer?; HUMPHREY, S.M.: Use and management of classification systems for knowledge-based indexing; MIKSA, F.L.: The concept of the universe of knowledge and the purpose of LIS classification; SCOTT, M. u. A.F. FONSECA: Methodology for functional appraisal of records and creation of a functional thesaurus; ALBRECHTSEN, H.: PRESS: a thesaurus-based information system for software reuse; AMAESHI, B.: A preliminary AAT compatible African art thesaurus; CHATTERJEE, A.: Structures of Indian classification systems of the pre-Ranganathan era and their impact on the Colon Classification; COCHRANE, P.A.: Indexing and searching thesauri, the Janus or Proteus of information retrieval; CRAVEN, T.C.: A general versus a special algorithm in the graphic display of thesauri; DAHLBERG, I.: The basis of a new universal classification system seen from a philosophy of science point of view: DRABENSTOTT, K.M., RIESTER, L.C. u. B.A.DEDE: Shelflisting using expert systems; FIDEL, R.: Thesaurus requirements for an intermediary expert system; GREEN, R.: Insights into classification from the cognitive sciences: ramifications for index languages; GROLIER, E. de: Towards a syndetic information retrieval system; GUENTHER, R.: The USMARC format for classification data: development and implementation; HOWARTH, L.C.: Factors influencing policies for the adoption and integration of revisions to classification schedules; HUDON, M.: Term definitions in subject thesauri: the Canadian literacy thesaurus experience; HUSAIN, S.: Notational techniques for the accomodation of subjects in Colon Classification 7th edition: theoretical possibility vis-à-vis practical need; KWASNIK, B.H. u. C. JORGERSEN: The exploration by means of repertory grids of semantic differences among names of official documents; MICCO, M.: Suggestions for automating the Library of Congress Classification schedules; PERREAULT, J.M.: An essay on the prehistory of general categories (II): G.W. Leibniz, Conrad Gesner; REES-POTTER, L.K.: How well do thesauri serve the social sciences?; REVIE, C.W. u. G. SMART: The construction and the use of faceted classification schema in technical domains; ROCKMORE, M.: Structuring a flexible faceted thsaurus record for corporate information retrieval; ROULIN, C.: Sub-thesauri as part of a metathesaurus; SMITH, L.C.: UNISIST revisited: compatibility in the context of collaboratories; STILES, W.G.: Notes concerning the use chain indexing as a possible means of simulating the inductive leap within artificial intelligence; SVENONIUS, E., LIU, S. u. B. SUBRAHMANYAM: Automation in chain indexing; TURNER, J.: Structure in data in the Stockshot database at the National Film Board of Canada; VIZINE-GOETZ, D.: The Dewey Decimal Classification as an online classification tool; WILLIAMSON, N.J.: Restructuring UDC: problems and possibilies; WILSON, A.: The hierarchy of belief: ideological tendentiousness in universal classification; WILSON, B.F.: An evaluation of the systematic botany schedule of the Universal Decimal Classification (English full edition, 1979); ZENG, L.: Research and development of classification and thesauri in China; CONFERENCE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  12. Granthana, M.N.: Classification of knowledge : a study in the foundation of library science (1991) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Attempts to present a logical analysis of the concept of classification with special reference to library science. examines the view that the objective of classification adopted in the library is not to categorise books but knowledge and focuses on the concept of knowledge. With regard to classification of knowledge, it has been pointed out that there are no natural classes and all classifications are artificial. Classification of knowledge can never be absolute and final as knowledge is neither static not circumscribed
    Source
    Indian journal of library studies. 2(1991) no.2, S.163-168
  13. Rolland-Thomas, P.: Eassai sur la contribution de l'anthropologie culturelle aux fondements de la classification documentaire (1996) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Classification is the natural response to a desire for order among objects and living things and classification systems have existed since time immemorial. Discusses culture and classification, and classification in a scientific and social sciences context, and states that the invention of writing has ensured that classification systems have been passed down through the generations. Discusses the role of cultural anthropology as developed by Dürkheim and Mauss and furthered byCclaude Levi-Strauss in shedding light on the phylogenetic dimension of classification
    Footnote
    Übers. des Titels: Essay on the contribution of cultural anthropology to the foundations of library classification
  14. Hulme, E.W.: Principles of book classification (1985) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    One of the earliest works on the theory of classification appeared in a series of six chapters an the "Principles of Book Classification" published between October 1911 and May 1912 in the Library Association Record. In this publication, the author, E. Wyndham Hulme (1859-1954) whose career included twenty-five years as Librarian of the British Patent Office, set forth the fundamentals of classification as manifested in both the classed and the alphabetical catalogs. The work and the ideas contained therein have largely been forgotten. However, one phrase stands out and has been used frequently in the discussions of classification and indexing, particularly in reference to systems such as Library of Congress Classification, Dewey Decimal Classification, and Library of Congress Subject Headings. That phrase is "literary warrant"-meaning that the basis for classification is to be found in the actual published literature rather than abstract philosophical ideas or concepts in the universe of knowledge or the "order of nature and system of the sciences." To the extent that classification and indexing systems should be based upon existing literature rather than the universe of human knowledge, the concept of "literary warrant" defines systems used in library and information services, as distinguished from a purely philosophical classification. Library classification attempts to classify library materials-the records of knowledge-rather than knowledge itself; the establishment of a class or a heading for a subject is based an existing literature treating that subject. The following excerpt contains Hulme's definition of "literary warrant." Hulme first rejects the notion of using "the nature of the subject matter to be divided" as the basis for establishing headings, then he proceeds to propose the use of "literary warrant," that is, "an accurate survey and measurement of classes in literature," as the determinant.
    Footnote
    Original in: Library Association Record 13(1911) S.445-447.
  15. Martel, C.: Classification: a brief conspectus of present day library practice (1985) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    It has been generally recognized that the Library of Congress Classification, developed at the turn of the century, has been based an practical rather than theoreti cal or philosophical considerations. Unlike most of the other library classification systems, which originated from individual minds, the Library of Congress Classification system was the result of corporate efforts. Nonetheless, there were a number of individuals who, in the early stages of its development, provided guidance regarding the general framework and direction of the scheme. The most important among these was Charles Martel (1860-1945) who was Chief Classifier at the Library of Congress when the system was first developed. In a paper read before the New Zealand Library Association in April 1911, from which the following excerpt has been taken, Martel gave his views concerning library classification in general and provided a glimpse of the rationale behind the Library of Congress Classification system in particular. In the following excerpt, Martel discusses the basis of the Library of Congress Classification system to be not "the scientific order of subjects ... [but] rather [a] convenient sequence of the various groups ... of books." This is the "literary warrant" an which the Library of Congress system has been based. With regard to the notation, Martel argues for brevity in preference to symmetry or mnemonics. Brevity of notation has since been recognized as one of the greatest advantages of the Library of Congress system as a device for shelf arrangement of books. Martel outlines seven groupings used in the system for subarranging books an the subject, first by form and then by subject subdivisions. This pattern, known as Martel's "seven points," has served as the general framework in individual classes and provided the most significant unifying factor for individual classes in the system, which contain many unique or disparate characteristics.
    Footnote
    Original in: Library journal 36(1911) S.410,414-415.
  16. Kumar, K.: Historical roots of Ranganathan's Colon Classification (Edition 1) (1992) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Describes S.R. Ranganathan's contribution to library and information science in general, mentioning his library education at London and influence of W.C. Berwick Sayers. Describes the seeds of Colon Classification, ed.1 (CC-1) and discusses the salient features of the scheme. Brings out the indebtedness of Ranganathan to Melvil Dewey and describes the influence of UDC on CC-1. Discusses the growth and development of the concept of 'categories', mentioning the influence of W. Hulme, W.S. Biscoe and others. Concludes that Ranganathan possessed an amazing degree of ingenuity to apply established ideas in such a way in a distinctive and original way
    Source
    Journal of library and information science. 17(1992) no.1, S.71-81
  17. LaBarre, K.: Bliss and Ranganathan : synthesis, synchronicity our sour grapes? (2000) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The concerns of the past century follow us into the next. Despite continuing technological advancement we find ourselves overwhelmed by a virtual tidal wave of information. Instead of reinventing seemingly novel solutions, it is appropriate to reexamine the successes and failures of the past. In light of the increasing focus on faceted classification as a potential approach to the problems of organizing conceptual space, it is appropriate to direct critical attention to the convoluted nature of the interaction between Henry Evelyn Bliss and S. R. Ranganathan. Drawing upon the methods of historiography, this is a review of original documents and an analysis of primary examples drawn from the correspondence between Ranganathan and Bliss currently in possession of the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University and Archives and Special Collections at the Morris Raphael Cohen Library, City College of New York. This analysis will serve as a springboard to further exploration of the synthetic nature of faceted classification
    Date
    29. 8.2004 9:43:23
  18. Ranganathan, S.R.: Facet analysis: fundamental categories (1985) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Among the theorists in the field of subject analysis in the twentieth century, none has been more influential than S. R. Ranganathan (1892-1972) of India, a mathematician by training who turned to librarianship and made some of the most far-reaching contributions to the theory of librarianship in general and subject analysis in particular. Dissatisfied with both the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Universal Decimal Classification, Ranganathan set out to develop his own system. His Colon Classification was first published in 1933 and went through six editions; the seventh edition was in progress when Ranganathan died in 1972. In the course of developing the Colon Classification, Ranganathan formulated a body of classification theory which was published in numerous writings, of which the best known are Elements of Library Classification (1945; 3rd ed., 1962) and Prolegomena to Library Classification (1967). Among the principles Ranganathan established, the most powerful and influential are those relating to facet analysis. Ranganathan demonstrated that facet analysis (breaking down subjects into their component parts) and synthesis (recombining these parts to fit the documents) provide the most viable approach to representing the contents of documents. Although the idea and use of facets, though not always called by that name, have been present for a long time (for instance, in the Dewey Decimal Classification and Charles A. Cutter's Expansive Classification), Ranganathan was the person who systematized the ideas and established principles for them. For his Colon Classification, Ranganathan identified five fundamental categories: Personality (P), Material (M), Energy (E), Space (S) and Time (T) and the citation order PMEST based an the idea of decreasing concreteness.
    The Colon Classification has not been widely adopted; however, the theory of facet analysis and synthesis Ranganathan developed has proved to be most influential. Although many theorists of subject analysis do not totally agree with his fundamental categories or citation order, Ranganathan's concept of facet analysis and synthesis has provided a viable method and a framework for approaching subject analysis and has become the foundation of subject analysis in the twentieth century. In this sense, his theory laid the groundwork for later investigations and inquiries into the nature of subject and classificatory categories and citation order. His influence is felt in all modern classification schemes and indexing systems. This is attested to by the citations to his ideas and works in numerous papers included in this collection and by the fact that other modern classification systems such as the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Bliss Bibliographic Classification have become increasingly faceted in recent editions. The following chapter from Elements of Library Classification represents one of Ranganathan's many expositions of facet analysis and fundamental categories. It is chosen because of its clarity of expression and comprehensibility (many readers find the majority of his writings difficult to understand).
    Footnote
    Original in: Ranganathan, S.R.: Elements of library classification. 3rd ed. Bombay: Asia Publishing House 1962. S.82-89
  19. Dousa, T.M.: ¬The simple and the complex in E. C. Richardson's theory of classification : observations on an early KO model of the relationship between ontology and epistemology (2010) 0.01 
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    Pages
    S.15-22
    Source
    Paradigms and conceptual systems in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the Eleventh International ISKO Conference, 23-26 February 2010 Rome, Italy. Edited by Claudio Gnoli and Fulvio Mazzocchi
  20. Lehnus, D.J.: Book numbers : history, principles and applications (1980) 0.01 
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