Search (131 results, page 1 of 7)

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LCSH

Academic libraries / Great Britain / Administration
Academic libraries / Great Britain / Funding

Subject

Academic libraries / Great Britain / Administration
Academic libraries / Great Britain / Funding

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LCSH

Business enterprises / Great Britain
Information technology / Great Britain

Subject

Business enterprises / Great Britain
Information technology / Great Britain

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LCSH

Business information services / Great Britain
Business literature / Great Britain

Subject

Business information services / Great Britain
Business literature / Great Britain

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Abstract

To identify the information search patterns of business communities, 2 surveys were conducted, one aimed at small businesses and the other at medium sized businesses. Use of different information sources, especially the public library, for business purposes were examined. Results show that businesses obtain information more through informal sources than formal ones. The customer is the most important business information source. Although less than 50% of the businesses surveyed reported using public libraries for business purposes in the previous year, the majority of those who did use the library sought help from library staff. Public libraries are more important for small businesses, especially those in their early stages of development, than for medium-sized businesses

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Abstract

State of the art reviews coveruing a range of topics relating to small business information work, including: the relationship between small businesses and information sources and providers available to them; the use of information by small businesses; the state of the information technology adoption process by small businesses; and changes in small business information use. Concludes with a discussion about future research in the field and includes hypotheses about the impact of information access and technology on small businesses. Pays particular attention to the likely changes that are likely to take place in the small business environment, involving: telecommuting; and the electronic delivery of customized, timely environmental scanning information that will permit small businesses to function like big businesses. Decries the absence of effective links between small businesses and the information brokering world but sees small businesses taking advantage of some of the new lower cost online services that are being offered through the Internet

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Abstract

Until the 1980s, the handling of documentary information in business was usually split up among 4 unrelated independent departments: the library; archives; secretarial services; and reproduction/printing. The introduction of new technology allows the integration of these operations into a single system; comprising subsystems for: production of internal documents; acquisition and storage of external documents; information retrieval; archive creation and maintenance; and circulation of information between departments, based on local computer networks. In reality, not many businesses are making use of technology available to set up such integrated systems because of the lack of common standards for equipment and software, which makes internal and external communication unreliable. This problem may be resolved in the near future, as a result of discussions now in progress at international level.

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Abstract

As interest in the study of complex systems has grown, a new vocabulary is emerging to describe discoveries about wide-ranging and fundamental phenomena. Complexity theory research has allowed for new insights into many phenomena and for the development of a new language. 'his paper argues that a shared language based an the vocabulary of complexity can have an important role in a management context. The use of complexity theory metaphors can change the way managers think about the problems they face. Instead of competing in a game or a war, they are trying to find their way an an ever changing, ever turbulent landscape. Such a conception of their organizations' basic task can, in cum, change the day-to-day decisions made by management. If part of the problem of knowledge management is the need to identify value added knowledge, language and metaphor play a key role - for they are the very tools of the identification [what is knowledge] and ascription [what makes it value-added] process. Complexity theory metaphors, it is argued, are not panaceas. There are limits to the types of organizations where the notion of a "fitness landscape" and "degree of coupling" can make a positive contribution to managements understanding of the world. The author argues that one potential distinction - between worlds where complexity metaphors can contribute and those where they cannot - can be drawn by measuring the degree to which an organization perceives that value-added investments are to be made in a) the development of new knowledge or b) infrastructure. In this context, infrastructure is defined as those items to which an economist might (once such investment is made) ascribe the label "sunk costs", but which management would not willingly walk away from. For this purpose then, emotional investments, legacy systems, existing bureaucracy, and material goods could all constitute "infrastructure". Infrastructure investments it is argued are pari of what Brian Arthur of the Sante Fe Institute defines as the world of diminishing retums. Investments in knowledge are different. While the ability of an organization to effectively deal wich new knowledge is limited by a variety of constraints, the leverage which can be obtained from such knowledge gives rise to the potential for increasing retums. As organizations leam to remove some of the constraints an their ability to absorb and lever new information, they force themselves down to the increasing retums part of the "S" curve. Several case studies are presented to illustrate the potency of complexity metaphors in driving managerial perceptions of knowledge management businesses.

Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Abstract

Drwas on extensive research and experience to provide commentary and insight on a range of management issues in the information technology world. Presents a picture of the evolving composition of commerical relationships resulting from the emergence of the Internet and new modes of enacting trade among businesses

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Date

8. 3.1997 13:34:22

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Abstract

Access to information - and classification techniques and methodologies that support that access - are already playing important roles in making information accessible to employees in the business environment. But most businesses are only beginning to solve the higher level requirements of enabling action, which is the domain of knowledge. The traditional document-oriented model itself is a stumbling block, because ir focuses on the document as a large, inert information artifact, ignoring the ultimate business objectives of getting things done and generating competitive advantage. New models for organizational knowledge resources are needed, and classification approaches will still play a vital role, but such approaches must be highly adaptable, they must be formalized to accomodate technological implmentations, and they must embody meta-principles for self-organizing knowledge resources in business environments

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Abstract

Knowledge management is not simply an extension of information management but requires a company to change its culture and processes using IT to make knowledge easily used and distributed. A survey showed 90% of US and European respondents considered themselves as knowledge intensive businesses and 96% agreed that they could get more value from their knowledge base. As firms turn to knowledge management, text retrieval companies are launching or developing knowledge management products. Describes the Knowledge Network suite of the Canadian firm, Fulcrum Technologies. This software is selling well but Fulcrum is in a precarious position as its traditional customer base is shrinking faster than expected. As another example, refers to the strategy adopted by Dataware technologies for countering cash flow problems by selling part of its operation to build up cash reserves and pinning its future on Dataware 2

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Abstract

The Intranet has been hailed as the solution to organizational technology issues as far reaching as faster information systems development, access to legacy system data, integration of incompatible systems, and progress toward the "paperless office." Moreover, intranets enable work-flow management and project management and are a platform for process redesign. Yet possibly the most far-reaching impact of the Intranet is an organizational knowledge. Intranets are providing institutions and organizations with opportunities to create knowledge. A large proportion of the pioneers are high-technology companies making use of intranets for knowledge-intensive new product development. Intranets enable community expertise to develop, as engineers brainstorm and give each other feedback in discussion groups and share product specifications and product test result queries. The scope of interest in intranets is evidenced by diverse articles and applications in the medical, legal, engineering, training, travel, technical, computer-related, and manufacturing industries. Although some definitions restrict intranets to internal information an internal webs accessed exclusively by internal users, in this article, we adopt a broader definition that includes customers and suppliers in the extended enterprise [also called an "Extranet"] and industrywide applications. Thus, an intranet is a "powerful tool for institution-wide communications, collaborative projects, and the establishment of a sense of community an a manageable scale". Despite the fact that many organizations have adopted the Intranet with great enthusiasm and there has been an avalanche of Web and journalistic articles an the Intranet since the end of 1995, theoretical research has been lacking. Evidence of the business value of the Intranet has been convincing but largely anecdotal. In addition, negative reports have surfaced an hidden costs, performance limitations, and organizational resistance. Such issues have been researched with political theories that explain how some constituents gain and others lose when there is organizational change associated with information technology (IT) implementation. Organizational learning theories also explain such contradictions by examining what affects the creation, integration, and management of knowledge and the facilitation of organizational memory. For example, the theory of organizational knowledge creation posits that autonomy, intention, redundancy, fluctuation and creative chaos, and requisite variety are conditions that induce the transfer of tacit and explicit knowledge in a spiral from individual to group, to organization levels. The findings from this analysis of reported implementations of intranets generate a theoretically based model relating organizational kowledge to the Intranet phenomenon. We extend the inductive concepts by analyzing example of enabling conditions and organizational knowledge creation modes an intranets, using Nonaka's theory of organizational knowledge creation as a guide. Our contribution is to develop a theoretical understanding of the Intranet phenomenon, with an initial framework to guide further conceptual and empirical research an the impacts and business value of the Intranet and to present implications for information systems (IS) developers, IS departments, management, and researchers.

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore information literacy amongst small- and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the UK and the USA and argue that information policy in the UK has not given sufficient attention to helping these companies navigate the ever-increasing volumes of information accessible over the internet. Design/methodology/approach - A combination of primary and secondary data have been used. The primary data consists of a survey of UK SMEs, which explored how these companies use the internet as a research tool. The results of the survey are compared to similar surveys carried out in the USA. Several significant UK policy documents are examined to find out how government policy in this area has addressed the issue of information literacy amongst SMEs. Findings - It is shown that UK SMEs wasted over £3.7 billion in 2005 in terms of time wasted through inefficient use of the internet as a research tool. Practical implications - It is argued that while government policies in this area have put resources into encouraging SMEs to adopt broadband and engage in e-commerce, they have not sufficiently addressed the issue of information literacy. Originality/value - Little research has been carried out into how SMEs use the internet as a research tool and this is the first time that a financial cost figure has been applied to inefficient searching by these organisations.

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Abstract

Introduces a knowledge management oriented view of decisions and decisioning as a complement to classical perspectives and as a contribution to understanding computer based possibilities for relaxing strains on decision makers. The perspective includes a model of knowledge management activities performed by a decision maker and a taxonomy of knowledge types. This leads to a characterization of decision support system purposes, traits and potentials that offer a basis for new research into computerized possibilities for knowledge management

Source

Knowledge and policy. 8(1995) no.1, S.5-22

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Abstract

The MEMOIR project supports researchers working with a vast quantity of distributed information, by assisting them in finding both relevant documents and researchers with related interests. It is an open architecture based on the existing Web infrastructure. Key to the architecture is the use of proxies: to support message routing for dynamic reconfiguration and extension of the system, to collect information about the trail of documents that a user visits, and to insert links on the fly. Presents the MEMOIR framework and its rationale, and discusses early experiences with the system

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

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Abstract

In this paper, authors propose a computational model of cooperative intellectual activities in an organization using the concepts of distributed artificial intelligence. In this model, we assume incomplete communication of knowledge among agents, and examine methods for pragmatic cooperative decision making and learning. We have implemented two typical variations of the model, the Specialists-Model and the Generalists-Model. Using the two variations, we carry out the simulation of dynamic activities of decision making and learning. Then, based an the model and these simulations, we systematically examine methods of knowledge management for effective augmentation of organizational intelligence.

Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Footnote

Could a dynamic be constructed, in dialectical response to the theorizing presented, which draws an classic sources in political economy and which links micro-processes and macro-results? For Marx, the "basic logie of the capitalist mode of production ... [was] expansion, growth, enlarged reproduction, through a substitution of living by dead labour" (Marx, 1981, p. 13). With ICTs, we are dealing primarily with semiotic rather than physical labor, but a similar substitution of machine for direct human labor can be detected. The individual actors engaged in innovation encounter considerable risks, but collectively produce advances in social productivity: The much greater costs that are always involved in an enterprise based an new inventions, compared with later establishments that rise up an its ruins, ex suis ossibus. The extent of this is so great that the pioneering entrepreneurs generally go bankrupt, and it is only their successors who flourish.. . . Thus it is generally only the most worthless and wretched kind of money-capitalists that draw the greatest profit from all new developments of the universal labour of the human spirit and their social application by combined labour. (Marx, 1981, p. 199). Acknowledging the risks of innovation reveals the resistance of small entities to innovation as more rational for their survival than the scholarly prescriptions of the value of innovation for competitive advantage. The comparative advantage derivable from innovation can itself be understood from the relation of machinery to the direct human labor it supplants: As machinery comes into general use in a particular branch of production, the social value of the machinery product sinks down to its individual value, and the following law asserts itself: surplus-value does not arise from the labour-power that has been replaced by the machinery, but from the labour-power actually employed in working with the machinery. (Marx, 1976, p. 530) The more sophisticated theoretical and historical framework can both explain and dissolve the productivity paradox. The risks of Innovation limit rewards to pioneers, but, over time, their activities raise the productivity of labor: Consider, for instance, the contrast between the amount of direct human labor and the costs of that labor involved in Che copying of documents by hand, with a subsequent oral collation, in a mid-19th century legal practice (Melville, 1997) with modern technologies for copying files. In conclusion, the interest of the collection to information science lies in the further revelation of analogous concerns in another discipline, in the internal realization of the theoretical poverty of that discipline, and even, at points, that the control over processes of innovation offered by standard approaches was illusory, and in the emergence, not yet in fully articulated form, of a more sophisticated perspective."

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Abstract

In the competitive equation for the future Economies become knowledge-based. Therefore in Knowledge Intensive Firms (KIFs) the strategie management of knowledge becomes increasingly important. Im this paper three important conditions for efficient and affective knowledge acquisition are identified: Coordination, Communication and long term Contract. Research by the author showed that co-ordination is a relative important condition for Small and Medium sized industrial KIFs. For larger national and multinational industrial KIFs communication and Jong term contracts are relative important conditions. Because of the lack of time for co-ordination and communication a small and medium sized KIF should welcome am extemal knowledge broker as intermediary. Because knowledge is more than R&D a larger industrial KIF should adapt am approach to strategic knowledge management with am intemal knowledge broker, who is responsible for co-ordination, communication and establishing long term contracts. Furthermore, a Strategic Knowledge Network is an option im KIFs and between KIFs and partners for effective and efficient co-ordination, communication and Jong term cont(r)acts.

Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Abstract

The author systematically introduces the notion of ontologies to the non-expert reader and demonstrates in detail how to apply this conceptual framework for improved intranet retrieval of corporate information and knowledge and for enhanced Internetbased electronic commerce. He also describes ontology languages (XML, RDF, and OWL) and ontology tools, and the application of ontologies. In addition to structural improvements, the second edition covers recent developments relating to the Semantic Web, and emerging web-based standard languages.

Classification

004.67/8 22

DDC

004.67/8 22

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Abstract

Knowledge, being the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration's (DTCA) most important asset, caught the attention of DTCA's top management and has been studied by a working group an knowledge management since 1993. This paper is the result of one of several studies initiated by this working group and is based upon the assumption that the retum an the production factor `knowledge' can be raised through knowledge management. The starting point of this study is that a manager in a decision making situation can be supported by means of a quantitative model, with which the consequences of decisions can be simulated. Therefore, the problem was posed whether it would be possible to quantify and to model (the use of) knowledge, in such a way that the consequences of decisions with respect to knowledge can be simulated. The study aimed at developing a quantitative model for managing knowledge and proved that with certain limits a quantative knowledge model can be made.

Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers