Search (3140 results, page 1 of 157)

  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
  1. Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004) 0.35 
    0.34524497 = product of:
  0.48334295 = sum of:
    0.062032532 = product of:
      0.18609759 = sum of:
        0.18609759 = weight(_text_:3a in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.18609759 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.18609759 = weight(_text_:2f in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18609759 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
    0.03324025 = weight(_text_:based in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03324025 = score(doc=562,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.11767787 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.28246817 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
    0.18609759 = weight(_text_:2f in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18609759 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
    0.015874967 = product of:
      0.031749934 = sum of:
        0.031749934 = weight(_text_:22 in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.031749934 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13677022 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.71428573 = coord(5/7)
    Abstract
    Document representations for text classification are typically based on the classical Bag-Of-Words paradigm. This approach comes with deficiencies that motivate the integration of features on a higher semantic level than single words. In this paper we propose an enhancement of the classical document representation through concepts extracted from background knowledge. Boosting is used for actual classification. Experimental evaluations on two well known text corpora support our approach through consistent improvement of the results.
    Content
    Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
    Date
    8. 1.2013 10:22:32
  2. Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009) 0.27 
    0.26712456 = product of:
  0.46746796 = sum of:
    0.062032532 = product of:
      0.18609759 = sum of:
        0.18609759 = weight(_text_:3a in 2918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.18609759 = score(doc=2918,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 2918, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2918)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.18609759 = weight(_text_:2f in 2918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18609759 = score(doc=2918,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 2918, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2918)
    0.03324025 = weight(_text_:based in 2918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03324025 = score(doc=2918,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.11767787 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.28246817 = fieldWeight in 2918, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2918)
    0.18609759 = weight(_text_:2f in 2918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18609759 = score(doc=2918,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 2918, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2918)
  0.5714286 = coord(4/7)
    Abstract
    The employees of an organization often use a personal hierarchical classification scheme to organize digital documents that are stored on their own workstations. As this may make it hard for other employees to retrieve these documents, there is a risk that the organization will lose track of needed documentation. Furthermore, the inherent boundaries of such a hierarchical structure require making arbitrary decisions about which specific criteria the classification will b.e based on (for instance, the administrative activity or the document type, although a document can have several attributes and require classification in several classes).A faceted classification model to support corporate information organization is proposed. Partially based on Ranganathan's facets theory, this model aims not only to standardize the organization of digital documents, but also to simplify the management of a document throughout its life cycle for both individuals and organizations, while ensuring compliance to regulatory and policy requirements.
    Footnote
    Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
  3. Schrodt, R.: Tiefen und Untiefen im wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch (2008) 0.25 
    0.24813014 = product of:
  0.5789703 = sum of:
    0.08271005 = product of:
      0.24813014 = sum of:
        0.24813014 = weight(_text_:3a in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.24813014 = score(doc=140,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.24813014 = weight(_text_:2f in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.24813014 = score(doc=140,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
    0.24813014 = weight(_text_:2f in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.24813014 = score(doc=140,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
  0.42857143 = coord(3/7)
    Content
    Vgl. auch: https://studylibde.com/doc/13053640/richard-schrodt. Vgl. auch: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2FGermanistik%2Fschrodt%2Fvorlesung%2Fwissenschaftssprache.doc&usg=AOvVaw1lDLDR6NFf1W0-oC9mEUJf.
  4. ¬The digital university : building a learning community (2002) 0.24 
    0.24253392 = product of:
  0.5659125 = sum of:
    0.022160169 = weight(_text_:based in 1782) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.022160169 = score(doc=1782,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.11767787 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.18831211 = fieldWeight in 1782, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1782)
    0.18957855 = weight(_text_:great in 1782) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18957855 = score(doc=1782,freq=24.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.86203355 = fieldWeight in 1782, product of:
          4.8989797 = tf(freq=24.0), with freq of:
            24.0 = termFreq=24.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1782)
    0.35417378 = sum of:
      0.33300716 = weight(_text_:britain in 1782) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.33300716 = score(doc=1782,freq=24.0), product of:
          0.29147226 = queryWeight, product of:
            7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03905679 = queryNorm
          1.1425004 = fieldWeight in 1782, product of:
            4.8989797 = tf(freq=24.0), with freq of:
              24.0 = termFreq=24.0
            7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1782)
      0.021166623 = weight(_text_:22 in 1782) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.021166623 = score(doc=1782,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.13677022 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03905679 = queryNorm
          0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 1782, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1782)
  0.42857143 = coord(3/7)
    Abstract
    University education continues to be revolutionized by the use of Web-based teaching and learning systems. Following on from "The Digital University: Reinventing the Academy", this book provides a fully up-to-date and practical guide to using and implementing this important technology. Looking specifically at asynchronous collaboration, it covers:- policies- management of collaboration- distance learning- support for authoring- course design- educational metadata schemaand will be an essential buy for managers, lecturers, administrators, department heads and researchers.It includes a foreword by Ben Shneiderman, Director of the HCI Laboratory at the University of Maryland, USA.
    Date
    22. 3.2008 14:43:03
    LCSH
    Education, Higher / Great Britain / Data processing
    University cooperation / Great Britain
    Education, Higher / Effect of technological innovations on / Great Britain
    Internet in education / Great Britain
    Computer / assisted instruction / Great Britain
    Distance education / Great Britain
    Subject
    Education, Higher / Great Britain / Data processing
    University cooperation / Great Britain
    Education, Higher / Effect of technological innovations on / Great Britain
    Internet in education / Great Britain
    Computer / assisted instruction / Great Britain
    Distance education / Great Britain
    Theme
    Computer Based Training
  5. Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005) 0.22 
    0.21711388 = product of:
  0.50659907 = sum of:
    0.0723713 = product of:
      0.21711388 = sum of:
        0.21711388 = weight(_text_:3a in 306) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.21711388 = score(doc=306,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.65568775 = fieldWeight in 306, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=306)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.21711388 = weight(_text_:2f in 306) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.21711388 = score(doc=306,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.65568775 = fieldWeight in 306, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=306)
    0.21711388 = weight(_text_:2f in 306) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.21711388 = score(doc=306,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.65568775 = fieldWeight in 306, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=306)
  0.42857143 = coord(3/7)
    Content
    Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
  6. Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005) 0.18 
    0.18332823 = product of:
  0.32082438 = sum of:
    0.041355025 = product of:
      0.12406507 = sum of:
        0.12406507 = weight(_text_:3a in 701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.12406507 = score(doc=701,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.3746787 = fieldWeight in 701, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=701)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.12406507 = weight(_text_:2f in 701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12406507 = score(doc=701,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.3746787 = fieldWeight in 701, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=701)
    0.03133921 = weight(_text_:based in 701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03133921 = score(doc=701,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.11767787 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.26631355 = fieldWeight in 701, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=701)
    0.12406507 = weight(_text_:2f in 701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12406507 = score(doc=701,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.3746787 = fieldWeight in 701, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=701)
  0.5714286 = coord(4/7)
    Abstract
    By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.
    Content
    Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
  7. Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001) 0.16 
    0.15508135 = product of:
  0.36185646 = sum of:
    0.05169378 = product of:
      0.15508133 = sum of:
        0.15508133 = weight(_text_:3a in 5895) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.15508133 = score(doc=5895,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 5895, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5895)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.15508133 = weight(_text_:2f in 5895) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.15508133 = score(doc=5895,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 5895, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5895)
    0.15508133 = weight(_text_:2f in 5895) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.15508133 = score(doc=5895,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3311239 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 5895, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5895)
  0.42857143 = coord(3/7)
    Source
    Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
  8. Bell, H.K.: History of indexing societies : Pt.6: 1988-91 (2000) 0.15 
    0.14744924 = product of:
  0.51607233 = sum of:
    0.16417985 = weight(_text_:great in 506) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.16417985 = score(doc=506,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.74654293 = fieldWeight in 506, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=506)
    0.3518925 = sum of:
      0.28839263 = weight(_text_:britain in 506) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.28839263 = score(doc=506,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.29147226 = queryWeight, product of:
            7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03905679 = queryNorm
          0.98943424 = fieldWeight in 506, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=506)
      0.06349987 = weight(_text_:22 in 506) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.06349987 = score(doc=506,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.13677022 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03905679 = queryNorm
          0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 506, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=506)
  0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
    Abstract
    History of the Society of Indexers (Great Britain) and other societies of indexers
    Source
    Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.35-38
  9. Heide, L.: Punched-card systems and the early information explosion, 1880-1945 (2009) 0.10 
    0.10487221 = product of:
  0.24470183 = sum of:
    0.09933191 = weight(_text_:businesses in 3345) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.09933191 = score(doc=3345,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.29628533 = queryWeight, product of:
          7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.3352576 = fieldWeight in 3345, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3345)
    0.07739512 = weight(_text_:great in 3345) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.07739512 = score(doc=3345,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.3519237 = fieldWeight in 3345, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3345)
    0.0679748 = product of:
      0.1359496 = sum of:
        0.1359496 = weight(_text_:britain in 3345) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.1359496 = score(doc=3345,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.29147226 = queryWeight, product of:
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.4664238 = fieldWeight in 3345, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3345)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.42857143 = coord(3/7)
    Abstract
    At a time when Internet use is closely tracked and social networking sites supply data for targeted advertising, Lars Heide presents the first academic study of the invention that fueled today's information revolution: the punched card. Early punched cards were first developed to process the United States census in 1890. They were soon used to calculate invoices and to issue pay slips. As demand for more sophisticated systems and reading machines increased in both the United States and Europe, punched cards were no longer a simple data-processing tool. Insurance companies, public utilities, businesses, and governments all used them to keep detailed records of their customers, competitors, employees, citizens, and enemies. The United States used punched-card registers in the late 1930s to pay roughly 21 million Americans their Social Security pensions; Vichy France used similar technologies in an attempt to mobilize an army against the occupying German forces; Germans in 1941 developed several punched-card registers to make the war effort more effective. Heide's analysis of these three major punched-card systems, as well as the impact of the invention on Great Britain, illustrates how industrial nations established administrative systems that enabled them to locate and control their citizens, for better or for worse. Heide's comparative study of the development of punched-card systems in the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany explores how different cultures collected personal and financial data and how they adapted to new technologies. He examines this history for both its business and technological implications in today's information-dependent society. "Punched-Card Systems in the Early Information Explosion, 1880-1945" will interest students and scholars from a wide range of disciplines, including the history of technology, computer science, business history, and management and organizational studies.
  10. British librarianship and information work : 1991-2000 (2006) 0.10 
    0.10279206 = product of:
  0.3597722 = sum of:
    0.19154315 = weight(_text_:great in 4265) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.19154315 = score(doc=4265,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.87096673 = fieldWeight in 4265, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4265)
    0.16822904 = product of:
      0.3364581 = sum of:
        0.3364581 = weight(_text_:britain in 4265) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.3364581 = score(doc=4265,freq=8.0), product of:
            0.29147226 = queryWeight, product of:
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            1.15434 = fieldWeight in 4265, product of:
              2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                8.0 = termFreq=8.0
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4265)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
    LCSH
    Libraries / Great Britain
    Library science / Great Britain
    Subject
    Libraries / Great Britain
    Library science / Great Britain
  11. ¬The Aslib directory of information resources in the United Kingdom (2002) 0.10 
    0.10279206 = product of:
  0.3597722 = sum of:
    0.19154315 = weight(_text_:great in 1300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.19154315 = score(doc=1300,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.87096673 = fieldWeight in 1300, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1300)
    0.16822904 = product of:
      0.3364581 = sum of:
        0.3364581 = weight(_text_:britain in 1300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.3364581 = score(doc=1300,freq=8.0), product of:
            0.29147226 = queryWeight, product of:
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            1.15434 = fieldWeight in 1300, product of:
              2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                8.0 = termFreq=8.0
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1300)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
    LCSH
    Special libraries / Great Britain / Directories
    Information services / Great Britain / Directories
    Subject
    Special libraries / Great Britain / Directories
    Information services / Great Britain / Directories
  12. British librarianship and information work : 2001-2005 (2007) 0.10 
    0.10279206 = product of:
  0.3597722 = sum of:
    0.19154315 = weight(_text_:great in 5952) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.19154315 = score(doc=5952,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.87096673 = fieldWeight in 5952, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5952)
    0.16822904 = product of:
      0.3364581 = sum of:
        0.3364581 = weight(_text_:britain in 5952) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.3364581 = score(doc=5952,freq=8.0), product of:
            0.29147226 = queryWeight, product of:
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            1.15434 = fieldWeight in 5952, product of:
              2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                8.0 = termFreq=8.0
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5952)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
    LCSH
    Libraries / Great Britain
    Library science / Great Britain
    Subject
    Libraries / Great Britain
    Library science / Great Britain
  13. Qualman, E.: Socialnomics : how social media transforms the way we live and do business (2009) 0.06 
    0.06123812 = product of:
  0.21433342 = sum of:
    0.015669605 = weight(_text_:based in 3587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.015669605 = score(doc=3587,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.11767787 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.13315678 = fieldWeight in 3587, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3587)
    0.19866382 = weight(_text_:businesses in 3587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.19866382 = score(doc=3587,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.29628533 = queryWeight, product of:
          7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.6705152 = fieldWeight in 3587, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3587)
  0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
    Abstract
    A fascinating, research-based look at the impact of social media on businesses and consumers around the world, and what's in store for the future Social Media. You've heard the term, even if you don't use the tools. But just how big has social media become? Social media has officially surpassed pornography as the top activity on the Internet. People would rather give up their e-mail than their social network. It is so powerful that it is causing a macro shift in the way we live and conduct business. Brands can now be strengthened or destroyed by the use of social media. Online networking sites are being used as giant, free focus groups. Advertising is less effective at influencing consumers than the opinions of their peers. If you aren't using social media in your business strategy, you are already behind your competition. * Explores how the concept of "Socialnomics" is changing the way businesses produce, market, and sell, eliminating inefficient marketing and middlemen, and making products easier and cheaper for consumers to obtain * Learn how successful businesses are connecting with consumers like never before via Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and other social media sites * A must-read for anyone wanting to learn about, and harness the power of social media, rather than be squashed by it * Author Erik Qualman is a former online marketer for several Top 100 brands and the current Global Vice President of Online Marketing for the world's largest private education firm Socialnomics is essential book for anyone who wants to understand the implications of social media, and how businesses can tap the power of social media to increase their sales, cut their marketing costs, and reach consumers directly.
  14. Glasgow, E.: Sir Anthony Panizzi (2001) 0.06 
    0.05873832 = product of:
  0.20558411 = sum of:
    0.10945322 = weight(_text_:great in 743) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.10945322 = score(doc=743,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.49769527 = fieldWeight in 743, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=743)
    0.09613088 = product of:
      0.19226176 = sum of:
        0.19226176 = weight(_text_:britain in 743) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.19226176 = score(doc=743,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.29147226 = queryWeight, product of:
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.65962285 = fieldWeight in 743, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=743)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
    Abstract
    Describes the early career of Anthony Panizzi in Great Britain, and considers his relationship with W.E. Gladstone. Panizzi's move to the British Museum Library and his subsequent career there are described, and his often stormy relationship with colleagues noted. Panizzi's achievements in establishing and developing the British Museum as London's national library are discussed and the circumstances of his retirement and succession are considered.
  15. Duckett, R.J.; Walker, P.; Donnelly, C.: Know it all, find it fast : an A-Z source guide for the enquiry desk (2008) 0.06 
    0.05873832 = product of:
  0.20558411 = sum of:
    0.10945322 = weight(_text_:great in 2786) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.10945322 = score(doc=2786,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.49769527 = fieldWeight in 2786, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2786)
    0.09613088 = product of:
      0.19226176 = sum of:
        0.19226176 = weight(_text_:britain in 2786) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.19226176 = score(doc=2786,freq=8.0), product of:
            0.29147226 = queryWeight, product of:
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.65962285 = fieldWeight in 2786, product of:
              2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                8.0 = termFreq=8.0
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2786)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
    LCSH
    Information resources / Great Britain / Directories
    Reference services (Libraries) / Great Britain
    Subject
    Information resources / Great Britain / Directories
    Reference services (Libraries) / Great Britain
  16. Rowland, M.J.: Web site design for indexers (2000) 0.06 
    0.05576648 = product of:
  0.19518267 = sum of:
    0.019587006 = weight(_text_:based in 225) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.019587006 = score(doc=225,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.11767787 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.16644597 = fieldWeight in 225, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=225)
    0.17559566 = weight(_text_:businesses in 225) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.17559566 = score(doc=225,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.29628533 = queryWeight, product of:
          7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.59265727 = fieldWeight in 225, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=225)
  0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
    Abstract
    Do indexers really need Web sites? No, they do not. Indexers do not need computers either. Indexes can be done on cards; networking can be done at conferences; and marketing can be done with cold calls. But, just as email has become indispensable to communication, and computers have become essential to indexing, so Web sites have become more and more necessary for all types of businesses, particularly small companies with small advertising budgets, like indexing businesses. The amount of business being conducted on the Web is increasing exponentially. Publishers, packagers, and other potential clients are beginning to search the Web for indexers. Why not participate in e-commerce, the newest way of doing business? A good Web site not only helps you obtain work, it increases your professional reputation and helps you influence the future of indexing. You can use your site as an online resume, to display a list of all the books you have indexed in the past year, to provide examples of your work, and to network with others. You can use it to express your philosophy of indexing, to teach others about indexing, and to make your voice heard on issues affecting the indexing profession. Not all indexers need Web sites, but active, involved, and far-sighted indexers, like you, do!
    Issue
    Beyond book indexing: how to get started in Web indexing, embedded indexing and other computer-based media. Ed. by D. Brenner u. M. Rowland.
  17. Reis, M.: Long-time preservation (2009) 0.06 
    0.055020902 = product of:
  0.19257315 = sum of:
    0.12416488 = weight(_text_:businesses in 3380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12416488 = score(doc=3380,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.29628533 = queryWeight, product of:
          7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.41907197 = fieldWeight in 3380, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3380)
    0.068408266 = weight(_text_:great in 3380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.068408266 = score(doc=3380,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.31105953 = fieldWeight in 3380, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3380)
  0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
    Abstract
    Our society produces more and more information every day and also tends to be increasingly dependent on it. Although some information is less/more costly to create or less/more relevant to our environment, some of it is definitely worth saving and may be of great value for next generations. Libraries (as well as similar institutions like archives) have the legal responsibility to safeguard long-term access to our scientific, social, and cultural heritage. The need for long-term preservation however is not necessarily limited to libraries and similar institutions, but is also relevant for governments, businesses, and even for individuals, e.g. in order to keep a photo album or important documents accessible for a longer period of time. Information artifacts can be both of analogue (e.g.: documents/photos/etc. on paper or microfilm) or digital (digital data stored on appropriate media) form with a clear increase of the latter and a decrease of the former. Over the last decades digitization of analogue assets started to play an increasingly important role over analogue preservation (paper, microfilm, etc.), among other reasons due to miniaturization and improved storage. Libraries have thus invested billions1 of Euros over the last decade(s) in the digitization of their assets.
  18. Denner, L.; Van der Walt, M.: ¬The organization of electronic information in selected small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa (2004) 0.05 
    0.052138396 = product of:
  0.36496875 = sum of:
    0.36496875 = weight(_text_:businesses in 3015) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.36496875 = score(doc=3015,freq=12.0), product of:
        0.29628533 = queryWeight, product of:
          7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        1.2318151 = fieldWeight in 3015, product of:
          3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
            12.0 = termFreq=12.0
          7.5860133 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3015)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
    Abstract
    This article reports an an empirical investigation into the information needs and information organization practices of small business enterprises in South Africa. The purpose of the investigation was to determine what information should be taken into account when designing systems for organizing information in such businesses, and how these businesses actually organize their electronic documents. The investigation of the systems in use also presented the opportunity to gather business concepts that were used to construct a generic classification scheme for the purpose of information organization in small enterprises. Data were gathered from 24 small businesses located in three different provinces by means of personal interviews with owners/managers, guided by a questionnaire, and through on-site observation of the information organization systems used. The results of the survey show what information is regarded as critically important in small businesses, and give insight into the current situation with regard to information organization in the businesses. Recommendations are made for improving information organization in small businesses.
  19. Bowen, J.: FRBR : coming soon to your library? (2005) 0.05 
    0.052058272 = product of:
  0.1214693 = sum of:
    0.023504408 = weight(_text_:based in 122) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.023504408 = score(doc=122,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.11767787 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.19973516 = fieldWeight in 122, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=122)
    0.08208992 = weight(_text_:great in 122) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08208992 = score(doc=122,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.37327147 = fieldWeight in 122, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=122)
    0.015874967 = product of:
      0.031749934 = sum of:
        0.031749934 = weight(_text_:22 in 122) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.031749934 = score(doc=122,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13677022 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 122, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=122)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.42857143 = coord(3/7)
    Abstract
    The Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) data model holds great potential for improving access to library resources, but may not affect all libraries in the same way. The Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules), assisted by the work of its Format Variation Working Group, is exploring ways to incorporate FRBR into the next edition of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules to facilitate collocation at the level of the FRBR entity expression. Several library system vendors are also adding FRBR-based functionality to their systems. A combination of these two approaches to FRBR can provide significant benefits to users. Most FRBR entities and attributes are already present in library catalog records, and the influence of FRBR can also be seen in existing library activities. FRBR is thus not something totally foreign, but a fresh, more rigorous way of thinking about what libraries already do that provides a basis for designing new ways to improve users' access to library resources.
    Date
    10. 9.2000 17:38:22
  20. McCallum, S.H.: Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC): 1975-2007 (2009) 0.05 
    0.052058272 = product of:
  0.1214693 = sum of:
    0.023504408 = weight(_text_:based in 3841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.023504408 = score(doc=3841,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.11767787 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.19973516 = fieldWeight in 3841, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.0129938 = idf(docFreq=5906, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3841)
    0.08208992 = weight(_text_:great in 3841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08208992 = score(doc=3841,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.21992016 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03905679 = queryNorm
        0.37327147 = fieldWeight in 3841, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3841)
    0.015874967 = product of:
      0.031749934 = sum of:
        0.031749934 = weight(_text_:22 in 3841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.031749934 = score(doc=3841,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13677022 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03905679 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 3841, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3841)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.42857143 = coord(3/7)
    Abstract
    This entry describes the development of the MARC Communications format. After a brief overview of the initial 10 years it describes the succeeding phases of development up to the present. This takes the reader through the expansion of the format for all types of bibliographic data and for a multiple character scripts. At the same time a large business community was developing that offered products based on the format to the library community. The introduction of the Internet in the 1990s and the Web technology brought new opportunities and challenges and the format was adapted to this new environment. There has been a great deal of international adoption of the format that has continued into the 2000s. More recently new syntaxes for MARC 21 and models are being explored.
    Date
    27. 8.2011 14:22:38

Authors

Languages

Types

  • a 2672
  • m 307
  • el 188
  • s 112
  • x 33
  • b 32
  • r 11
  • i 10
  • n 7
  • p 1
  • More… Less…

Themes

Subjects

Classifications