Search (94 results, page 1 of 5)

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Abstract

Presents the preliminary results of a pilot research project on disorientation in hypertextual educational systems. It explores spatial cognition's correlation with hypermedia navigation. Analyzes mental models, in order to justify their use as a basis for interface design. Introduces the notion of disorientation in a hypermedia environment. Illustrates the co-ordinates of experiments set up to verify the assumption that users need to build some form of conceptual representation of devices they are interacting with in order to understand them, and reports the results. Redefines the notions of spatial metaphor and of maps in the light of the results

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Source

Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.66, [=Suppl.29]

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Abstract

Browsing is an important aspect of the information-seeking activities of library users and is primarily visual. Second-generation OPACs lack the necessary visual characteristics for browsing. These characteristics may be best implemented through simulation of images of books and library shelves on the computer monitors. To mimic users' mental models of the real world may be costly, however, unless new interfaces can tap into existing sources of information. A possible solution may be found in using the information embedded in the MARC record pertaining to the physical description of a book. Public Access Catalog Extension (PACE) is designed as an alternative interface based on mental images of users and MARC records

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Abstract

Users' mental representations and cognitive strategies can have a profound influence on how they interact with computer interfaces. However, interface design for hypermedia presentation systems is rarely driven by what is known of users' mental models and strategies. Describes a novel cognitive model of comprehension of multimodal presentations for the specific application of explaining how machines work, and proposes guidelines for hypermedia design derived from this model. Includes a review of literature on comprehension from static multimodal presentations drawn from the fields of cognitive science and computational modelling. Illustrates how cognitive and computational modelling are being used to inform the design of hypermedia presentation systems about machines which includes a framework for empirical validation of the model and evaluation of hypermedia design so that both theory and design can be refined iteratively

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Abstract

A model is proposed that is motivated by the growing theoretical importance of the affective domain in information science (IS) and human-computer interaction (HCI), and the increased need for integrated models that provide an explicit account of how human mental and physiological systems dynamically interact in task performance with information systems. The ecological constructionism framework defines a social and biological information technology that is created through the dynamic intersection of technological affordances in symbiotic interaction with affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor information procedures that users creatively construct to satisfice the social practices inherent in information settings. Samples of spontaneous user discourse were mapped, demonstrating the model's suitability for charting the flow of mental procedures that users perform in interaction with information systems. The framework is shown to be compatible with the research focus in the literature on information behavior in IS and user affect in HCI. It also addresses current challenges to create more versatile architectures integrating technology, biology, and community into organic or synergic systems. The model specifies the components and dynamics of a human-computer symbiotic information environment.

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Abstract

In this paper, we report on the second part of an empirical study designed to observe how users interact with World Wide Web resources. Applying a holistic approach, the researches examine users' cognitive, affective, and physical behaviors during user-Web interaction in order to understand better the nature of information retrieval on the Web, the needs of Web users, and the problem-solving strategies Web users employ. From analyses and the participant verbalizations collected during monitored searches, the researchers developed a taxonomy of problem solving strategies. The coding scheme was developed based on a content analysis of the integrated process data. Information from triangulation follow-up with participants via anonymously completed questionnaires, the taxonomy, and analyses of search transcripts were collected to determine 1) what problems users encountered during the interaction and how users solved these problems; and 2) which problem-solving strategies Web users considered and selected for finding factual information. The focus of the coding was on the participants' cognitive, affective, and physical behaviors in response to the components of the problems encountered, which included problems of the following types: Web interfaces, users' mental models, and the Web information sources. Searching behavior and problem-solving patterns are described and interpreted within the relevant situational context and the problems users encountered are identified and analyzed. Both the problems users faced and their problem-solving approaches endeavored evidence a strong reliance on mental models of the features available on sites, the location of those features, and other interface design concepts

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Abstract

Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries exploit the power of human vision and spatial cognition to help individuals mentally organize and electronically access and manage large and complex information spaces. They draw on progress in the field of information visualization and seek to shift the users' mental load from slow reading to faster perceptual processes such as visual pattern recognition.Based on two workshops, the book presents an introductory overview as well as a closing listing of the top ten problems in the area by the volume editors. Also included are 16 thoroughly reviewed and revised full papers organized in topical sections on visual interfaces to documents, document parts, document variants, and document usage data; visual interfaces to image and video documents; visualization of knowledge domains; cartographic interfaces to digital libraries; and a general framework.

Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 3.2008 15:02:37

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Abstract

This paper describes a new OPAC system called The Book House and discusses its relevance as a solution to current OPAC developments. The Book House is an interactive, multimedia, online public access catalogue system designed to support casual and/or novice end-users in information retrieval. It runs on a Macintosh and is available on CD-ROM and disks in English and Danish (it can be purchased from Risø for $100). It comprises an interface and module for classifying and indexing fact and fiction books in the database called Book House Write. It uses icons, text and animation in the display interface in order to enhance the utility of the system for the general public. Both words and pictures can be used for searching, which makes the system suitable for all age groups. It plays on users' previous experiencees with computer games to support learning by doing something in an enjoyable way. A prerequisite for the design of The Book House was a new approach to cognitive analysis of retrieval in libraries. Based on the success of this approach, it is claimed that OPAC systems will only be really useful and widespread (1) when their domain and task characteristics allow supplementary information to be added to existing descriptions of book content in online card catalogues in order to match end-users' intentions and needs, and (2) when the user interface and routes to the databases are configured as an integrated and uniform set of displays which match the search strategies of users, as well as their mental capabilities and limitations

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Abstract

Information retrieval and exploration of work domains through databases and integrated information systems has become increasingly important in many modern work settings (as well as in libraries). The problem space of the users is defined on occasion by the dynamically changing requirements from their tasks and goals. it is argued that IR system design should be based on an analysis of the properties of the work domain, the task situation and the user characteristics. The paper describes a general framework for IR system design that has been used in the design of a library system. A special problem identified from use of the framework in domain analysis of fiction retrieval is treated in more detail: mapping the authors' domain structures to the domain structures expressed in users' needs in indexing and representation of fiction

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Abstract

Geographic maps are a well-established way of representing domain-specific knowledge in a way which integrates symbolic and pictorial representation. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of how maps represent and organise knowledge, combining artificial intelligence knowledge representation theory with empirical findings and methods from cognitive psychology. Schematic maps represent knowledge in a different way than topographic or city maps; in particular, distances and directions cannot be evaluated in the same way as in topographic or city maps. However, information from different types of maps must often be combined to answer everyday questions. An inference task involving such a combination, in order to locate a train station shown in a schematic map with respect to a part of a city map, was analysed theoretically with respect to how location judgments change with assumptions about what spatial information is contained in the schematic map. The same task was investigated empirically in a study in which subjects were asked to locate a train station and to describe their thinking in a subsequent verbal report. Results indicate that subjects' judgements and verbal reports can be grouped according to the theoretical analysis

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Abstract

We describe a prototype Information Retrieval system; SENTINEL, under development at Harris Corporation's Information Systems Division. SENTINEL is a fusion of multiple information retrieval technologies, integrating n-grams, a vector space model, and a neural network training rule. One of the primary advantages of SENTINEL is its 3-dimensional visualization capability that is based fully upon the mathematical representation of information with SENTINEL. The 3-dimensional visualization capability provides users with an intuitive understanding, with relevance/query refinement techniques athat can be better utilized, resulting in higher retrieval precision

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Abstract

Considers how to build systems that more actively support collaboration. Describes a system that embodies just 1 kind of explicit support; a graphical representation of the search process that can be manipulated and discussed by users. Considers this system which leads to an analysis of designing systems to support coping behaviour by users; including the need to support both help-giving by people and recovery from the failure of intelligent agents. Discusses the idea of interfaces as notations for supporting dialogues between people

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Abstract

Proposes a method of organizing documents based on the concepts of aggregation and hierarchies and a graphical user interface to provide a more intuitive form of Boolean query. The design is based on mapping the nodes of the aggregation hierarchy to Boolean intersection operations, mapping the nodes of the generalization hierarchy Boolean intersection operations (?), and providing a concrete, graphical, manipulable representation of both these node types. A working prototype interface was constructed and evaluated experimentally using 16 subjects against a classical command-line Boolean query interface. The graphical interface produced less than one-tenth of the errors of the textual interface, on average. Significant differences in time spent specifying queries were not found. Makes observations and comments to provide guidance for designers

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Abstract

This paper describes a graphical interface for the navigation and construction of faceted thesauri that is based on formal concept analysis. Each facet of a thesaurus is represented as a mathematical lattice that is further subdivided into components. Users can graphically navigate through the Java implementation of the interface by clicking on terms that connect facets and components. Since there are many applications for thesauri in the knowledge representation field, such a graphical interface has the potential of being very useful

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Abstract

The author describes some of the challenges, decisions, and processes that affected the design and development of the search user interface for Version 2 of the Digital Library for Earth System Education (DLESE; www.dlese.org), released July 29, 2003. The DLESE is a community-led effort funded by the National Science Foundation and is part of the National Science Digital Library (NSDL).

Date

22. 7.2006 17:48:54

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Content

Integrated interfaces to publicly available databases; database query interface for medical information systems; an intergrated approach approach to task oriented database retrieval interfaces; GRADI: a graphical database interface for a multimedia DBMS; cognitive view mechanisms for multimedia information systems; a graphical schema representation for object oriented databases; a conceptual framework for error analysis in SQL interfaces; a browser for a version entity relationship database

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Abstract

The growth of medical, academic resources on the World Wide Web has led to much greater incentives and opportunities for nursing and medical students, researchers and practitioners to access Web resources. However, usersindividual differences and the variety of information-retrieval mechanisms provided by medical web resources may combine to reduce the benefits of this information resource. In a study designed to qualitatively analyse the interaction of such individual- and system-differences, a reliable method of representing WWW navigational data was found to be important in assisting traditional methodologies of representation and analysis. The methodology of graphically representing such navigational data, and the support such a technique may offer the qualitative analysis of user-system interactions, is thus described in detail and with reference to one specific example drawn from the data collected. Further, some preliminary findings deriving from the use of graphical and more traditional methodologies in this study are also represented

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Abstract

This article investigates a new, effective browsing approach called metabrowsing. It is an alternative for current information retrieval systems, which still face six prominent difficulties. We identify and classify the difficulties and show that the metabrowsing approach alleviates the difficulties associated with query formulation and missing domain knowledge. Metabrowsing is a high-level way of browsing through information: instead of browsing through document contents or document surrogates, the user browses through a graphical representation of the documents and their relations to the domain. The approach requires other cognitive skills from the user than what is currently required. Yet, a user evaluation in which the metabrowsing system was compared with an ordinary query-oriented system showed only some small indicatory differences in effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. We expect that more experience with metabrowsing will result in a significantly better performance difference. Hence, our conclusion is that the development of new cognitive skills requires some time before the technologies are ready to be used.

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Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06
15. 5.1999 14:54:29