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Content

Introduction: envisioning semantic information spacesIndexing and knowledge organization -- Semantic technologies for knowledge representation -- Information retrieval and knowledge exploration -- Approaches to handle heterogeneity -- Problems with establishing semantic interoperability -- Formalization in indexing languages -- Typification of semantic relations -- Inferences in retrieval processes -- Semantic interoperability and inferences -- Remaining research questions.

Date

23. 7.2017 13:49:22

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Information organization

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Content

Ch. 1. Introduction: theory, knowledge organization, epistemology, culture -- ch. 3. Praxes of knowledge organization in the first Chinese library catalog, the Seven epitomes -- ch. 4. Feminist epistemologies and knowledge organization -- ch. 5. Problems and characteristics of Foucauldian discourse analysis as a research method -- ch. 6. Epistemology of domain analysis -- ch. 8. Rethinking genre in knowledge organization through a functional unit taxonomy -- Conclusions: Toward multicultural domain plurality in knowledge organization

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Content

Inhalt: Chapters 2 to 5: Scopes, Domains, and Display Media (pp. 47-102) Chapters 6 to 8: Documents, Analysis, and Indexing (pp. 103-176) Chapters 9 to 10: Exhaustivity and Specificity (pp. 177-196) Chapters 11 to 13: Displayed/Nondisplayed Indexes, Syntax, and Vocabulary Management (pp. 197-364) Chapters 14 to 16: Surrogation, Locators, and Surrogate Displays (pp. 365-390) Chapters 17 and 18: Arrangement and Size of Displayed Indexes (pp. 391-446) Chapters 19 to 21: Search Interface, Record Format, and Full-Text Display (pp. 447-536) Chapter 22: Implementation and Evaluation (pp. 537-541)

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Information organization

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Abstract

Drawing on the research of experts from the fields of computing and library science, this ground-breaking work will show you how to combine two very different approaches to classification to create more effective, user-friendly information-retrieval systems. * Provides an interdisciplinary overview of current and potential approaches to organizing information by subject * Covers both pure computer science and pure library science topics in easy-to-understand language accessible to audiences from both disciplines * Reviews technological standards for representation, storage, and retrieval of varied knowledge-organization systems and their constituent elements * Suggests a collaborative approach that will reduce duplicate efforts and make it easier to find solutions to practical problems.

Content

Organizing information by subjectKnowledge organization systems (KOSs) -- Technological standards -- Automated tools for subject information organization : selected topics -- Perspectives for the future.

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Information organization

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Information organization

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Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 27(2000) no.3, S.173-175 (G. Campbell): "Bibliographic control rests on a rich and intriguing theoretical foundation. All too often, however, students and scholars of information studies pass this foundation over, perhaps because of its fragmentation. Information organization theory has evolved in tandem with practice, and particularly through innumerable policy decisions: its central tenets, therefore, appear in prefaces to manuals and catalogues, in library bulletins, in standards and rule interpretations, and in professional and scholarly conference proceedings. Gathering this theory together is a formidable task, and Svenonius has already made a significant contribution through the two sourcebooks she has coedited: Foundations of Cataloging (1985), and Theory of Subject Analysis (1985). With The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization, 'Svenonius goes a huge step further: she pulls the fragments of bibliographic control theory together and sets them within a holistic theoretical framework. The result is a significant contribution to LIS scholarship, one which evokes the best of all possible responses: dissatisfied cries for more. Svenonius divides her treatise into two parts containing five chapters each. The first part provides a theoretically-grounded articulation of the objectives, entities, languages and principles of information organization. The field, she argues, rests on three distinct philsophical traditions. Systems philosophy, as developed in library circles by Charles Cutter, gives a holistic and visionary dimension to bibliographic control: a tendency to see individual processes as part of a larger, coherent structure. The philosophy of science, typified in the field by Cyril Cleverdon in the 1950s, emphasizes the need to quantify and generalize, and to subject the tenets of information retrieval to empirical verification. Language philosophy introduces the concept of language rules, and argues that information organization is a "particular kind of language use" (p. 6): an approach which enables us to employ linguistic concepts of semantics, vocabulary and syntax to explain the processes of information organization. Having established this framework, Svenonius goes on to discuss the objectives of bibliographic retrieval systems. Deftly combining the seminal contributions of Cutter, Seymour Lubetzky, the Paris Principles of 1961, and the IFLA objectives of 1997, she produces five central objectives of bibliographic control: locating entitles (finding), identifying entitles (collocating), selecting them (choice), acquiring or gaining access to them (acquisition), and navigating a bibliographic database (navigation) (p. 20)". -

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Information organization

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Content

"The book should be the natural choice as a textbook for the many new undergraduate courses on organization of information offered by schools of library and /or information science"

Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 26(1999) no.2, S.106-107 (L.F. Spiteri); JASIS 51(2000) no.5, S.491-492 (J.-E. Mai)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 26(1999) no.2, S.104-105 (M. Dowding)

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Abstract

The increasing volume of information in the contemporary world entails demand for efficient knowledge management (KM) systems; a logical method of information organization that will allow proper semantic querying to identify things that match meaning in natural language. On this concept, the role of an information manager goes beyond implementing a search and clustering system, to the ability to map and logically present the subject domain and related cross domains. From Knowledge Abstraction to Management answers this need by analysing ontology tools and techniques, helping the reader develop

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Abstract

Organizing is such a common activity that we often do it without thinking much about it. In our daily lives we organize physical things--books on shelves, cutlery in kitchen drawers--and digital things--Web pages, MP3 files, scientific datasets. Millions of people create and browse Web sites, blog, tag, tweet, and upload and download content of all media types without thinking "I'm organizing now" or "I'm retrieving now." This book offers a framework for the theory and practice of organizing that integrates information organization (IO) and information retrieval (IR), bridging the disciplinary chasms between Library and Information Science and Computer Science, each of which views and teaches IO and IR as separate topics and in substantially different ways. It introduces the unifying concept of an Organizing System--an intentionally arranged collection of resources and the interactions they support--and then explains the key concepts and challenges in the design and deployment of Organizing Systems in many domains, including libraries, museums, business information systems, personal information management, and social computing. Intended for classroom use or as a professional reference, the book covers the activities common to all organizing systems: identifying resources to be organized; organizing resources by describing and classifying them; designing resource-based interactions; and maintaining resources and organization over time. The book is extensively annotated with disciplinary-specific notes to ground it with relevant concepts and references of library science, computing, cognitive science, law, and business.

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Footnote

Rez. in Mitteilungen VÖB 57(2004) H.3/4, S.83-84 (O. Oberhauser): "Der Klappentext zu diesem Buch, das gleichzeitig als Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, Jg. 37, Nr. 1/2, veröffentlicht wurde, weiss mit eindrucksvollen Lobpreisungen bekannter anglo-amerikanischer Professoren aufzuwarten. Das Werk ist ein Sammelband mit 14 Artikeln von Autoren aus sechs Ländern, unter denen Kanada mit sechs Beiträgen klar dominiert (was nicht weiter überraschend ist, da die Herausgeberinnen von dort stammen). Das deklarierte Ziel des Bandes ist die Behandlung von Themen, die im Zusammenhang mit Information und Wissen in einem internationalisierten Kontext von Relevanz sind. Dies wird in vier thematisch gegliederten Abschnitten versucht. Das erste dieser Kapitel, General Bibliographic Systems, enthält vier Aufsätze, deren erster die Rolle allgemeiner und spezialisierter Klassifikationssysteme unter den Auspizien von Interoperabilität und weltweitem Zugriff reflektiert. Die anderen behandeln eine Adaptierung der DDC für die Verwendung bei der Erschliessung feministischer Literatur, die Probleme bei der Übersetzung von Klassifikationen von einer Sprache/Kultur in eine andere sowie den multilingualen Zugriff auf Dokumente in bibliographischen Datenbanken durch mehrsprachige, mit UDK-Zahlen verknüpfte Deskriptoren. Die zweite Sektion (ebenfalls vier Artikel) ist mit Information Organization in Knowledge Resources betitelt. Ihre konkreten Themen sind a) die Schwächen bibliothekarischer sachlicher Suchsysteme im internationalen Web-Kontext, b) die Recherche erziehungswissenschaftlicher Web-Ressourcen mittels "subject trees" bzw. in virtuellen Bibliotheken, c) Techniken für Text- und Data-Mining im Rahmen von Wissensorganisation und -ermittlung sowie d) Ansätze für die Wissensermittlung in nicht-bibliographischen Datenbanken.

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Footnote

Dem Begriff IA kann also nicht mehr ausgewichen werden. Was ist nun wirklich damit gemeint? Das IIA gibt folgende Definition: "1. Das strukturelle Design von gemeinschaftlich genutzten Informationsumgebungen. 2. Die Kunst und Wissenschaft Websites, Intranets, Online-Communitys [sic!] und Software zu strukturieren und Bezeichnungssysteme zu entwickeln, um Usability und die Auffindbarkeit von Inhalten herzustellen. 3. Eine sich herauskristallisierende Community von Praktikern, die Designund Architekturprinzipien in die digitale Landschaft einführen will." Bei Rosenfeld & Morville (Auflage 1998) heisst es - nicht unähnlich, aber doch nicht deckungsgleich -, IA sei: 1. The combination of organization, labeling, and navigation schemes within an information system. 2. The structural design of an information space to facilitate task completion and intuitive access to content. 3. The art and science of structuring and classifying web sites and intranets to help people find and manage information. 4. An emerging discipline and community of practice focusing on bringing principles of design and architecture to the digital landscape. IA hat aber wohl nicht nur mit dem Design von Websites zu tun. Sue Batley, deren Buch sich im Gegensatz zu jenem der beiden amerikanischen Autoren nicht an Webdesigner, sondern an Informationsspezialisten wendet, betont im ersten Kapitel, dass es gegenwärtig (noch) keine allgemeingültige Definition für IA gebe; zuviel sei noch in Entwicklung bzw. im Fluss. Sie sieht, mit Blick auf die Zielgruppe der Informationsspezialisten, IA als eine Verbindung der Kernelemente des Informationsmanagements mit den Prinzipien des benutzerzentrierten Designs. Die Verbesserung von Auffindbarkeit ("increasing findability") gilt ihr hier als die wesentliche Aktivität. Als zentrale Begriffe in diesem Zusammenhang stellt Batley daher auch "indexes and indexing", "classification", "cataloguing" sowie "user-centered design" (von Informationssystemen) vor.

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Abstract

Many information professionals working in small units today fail to find the published tools for subject-based organization that are appropriate to their local needs, whether they are archivists, special librarians, information officers, or knowledge or content managers. Large established standards for document description and organization are too unwieldy, unnecessarily detailed, or too expensive to install and maintain. In other cases the available systems are insufficient for a specialist environment, or don't bring things together in a helpful way. A purpose built, in-house system would seem to be the answer, but too often the skills necessary to create one are lacking. This practical text examines the criteria relevant to the selection of a subject-management system, describes the characteristics of some common types of subject tool, and takes the novice step by step through the process of creating a system for a specialist environment. The methodology employed is a standard technique for the building of a thesaurus that incidentally creates a compatible classification or taxonomy, both of which may be used in a variety of ways for document or information management. Key areas covered are: What is a thesaurus? Tools for subject access and retrieval; what a thesaurus is used for? Why use a thesaurus? Examples of thesauri; the structure of a thesaurus; thesaural relationships; practical thesaurus construction; the vocabulary of the thesaurus; building the systematic structure; conversion to alphabetic format; forms of entry in the thesaurus; maintaining the thesaurus; thesaurus software; and; the wider environment. Essential for the practising information professional, this guide is also valuable for students of library and information science.

LCSH

Information organization

Subject

Information organization

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LCSH

Information organization

Subject

Information organization

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.2, S.215-216 (A. Heath): "What is small, thoroughly organized, and easy to understand? Well, it's Heting Chu's latest book an information retrieval. A very welcome release, this small literary addition to the field (only 248 pages) contains a concise and weIl-organized discussion of every major topic in information retrieval. The often-complex field of information retrieval is presented from its origin in the early 1950s to the present day. The organization of this text is top-notch, thus making this an easy read for even the novice. Unlike other titles in this area, Chu's user-friendly style of writing is done an purpose to properly introduce newcomers to the field in a less intimidating way. As stated by the author in the Preface, the purpose of the book is to "present a systematic, thorough yet nontechnical view of the field by using plain language to explain complex subjects." Chu has definitely struck up the right combination of ingredients. In a field so broad and complex, a well-organized presentation of topics that don't trip an themselves is essential. The use of plain language where possible is also a good choice for this topic because it allows one to absorb topics that are, by nature, not as easy to grasp. For instance, Chapters 6 and 7, which cover retrieval approaches and techniques, an often painstaking topic for many students and teachers is deftly handled with the use of tables that can be used to compare and contrast the various models discussed. I particularly loved Chu's use of Koll's 2000 article from the Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science to explain subject searching at the beginning of Chapter 6, which discusses the differences between browsing and searching. The Koll article uses the task of finding a needle in a haystack as an analogy.

LCSH

Information organization

Subject

Information organization

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST. 58(2007) no.6., S.909-910 (A.D. Petrou): "A division in metadata definitions for physical objects vs. those for digital resources offered in Chapter 1 is punctuated by the use of broader, more inclusive metadata definitions, such as data about data as well as with the inclusion of more specific metadata definitions intended for networked resources. Intertwined with the book's subject matter, which is to "distinguish traditional cataloguing from metadata activity" (5), the authors' chosen metadata definition is also detailed on page 5 as follows: Thus while granting the validity of the inclusive definition, we concentrate primarily on metadata as it is most commonly thought of both inside and outside of the library community, as "structured information used to find, access, use and manage information resources primarily in a digital environment." (International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science, 2003) Metadata principles discussed by the authors include modularity, extensibility, refinement and multilingualism. The latter set is followed by seven misconceptions about metadata. Two types of metadata discussed are automatically generated indexes and manually created records. In terms of categories of metadata, the authors present three sets of them as follows: descriptive, structural, and administrative metadata. Chapter 2 focuses on metadata for communities of practice, and is a prelude to content in Chapter 3 where metadata applications, use, and development are presented from the perspective of libraries. Chapter 2 discusses the emergence and impact of metadata on organization and access of online resources from the perspective of communities for which such standards exist and for the need for mapping one standard to another. Discussion focuses on metalanguages, such as Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and eXtensible Markup Language (XML), "capable of embedding descriptive elements within the document markup itself' (25). This discussion falls under syntactic interoperability. For semantic interoperability, HTML and other mark-up languages, such as Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI), are covered. For structural interoperability, Dublin Core's 15 metadata elements are grouped into three areas: content (title, subject, description, type, source, relation, and coverage), intellectual property (creator, publisher, contributor and rights), and instantiation (date, format, identifier, and language) for discussion.

LCSH

Information organization

Subject

Information organization