Search (26 results, page 1 of 2)

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Date

10. 9.2004 10:22:40

Source

http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf

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Abstract

For its third edition this standard text on knowledge organization and retrieval has been extensively revised and restructured to accommodate the increased significance of electronic information resources. With the help of many new sections on topics such as information retrieval via the Web, metadata and managing information retrieval systems, the book explains principles relating to hybrid print-based and electronic, networked environments experienced by today's users. Part I, Information Basics, explores the nature of information and knowledge and their incorporation into documents. Part II, Records, focuses specifically on electronic databases for accessing print or electronic media. Part III, Access, explores the range of tools for accessing information resources and covers interfaces, indexing and searching languages, classification, thesauri and catalogue and bibliographic access points. Finally, Part IV, Systems, describes the contexts through which knowledge can be organized and retrieved, including OPACs, the Internet, CD-ROMs, online search services and printed indexes and documents. This book is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to knowledge organization for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of information management and information systems

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Management

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems / Management

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Content

Key Features - Relates theory to practice and is written in an easy-to-read style - Includes guidance an subject cataloguing as well as descriptive cataloguing - Covers the use of ISBD and Dublin Core in descriptive cataloguing, rather than being tied exclusively to using AACR - Covers the principles of subject cataloguing, a topic which most non-librarians believe to be an integral part of cataloguing - Not only does the book describe the hows of cataloguing but goes a stage further by explaining why one might want to catalogue a particular item in a certain way The Author Jane Read has over 13 years' experience in academic libraries. She works as a cataloguing officer for The Higher Education Academy. Readership Librarians and informational professionals responsible for cataloguing materials (of any format). Knowledge managers will also find the book of interest. Contents Why bother to catalogue - what is a catalogue for, anticipating user needs, convincing your boss it is important What to catalogue -writing a cataloguing policy, what a catalogue record contains, the politics of cataloguing Who should catalogue - how long does it take to catalogue a book, skill sets needed, appropriate levels of staffing, organising time How to catalogue and not reinvent the wherl - choosing a records management system, international standards (AACR/MARC, ISBD, Dublin Core), subject cataloguing, and authority control Is it a book, is it a journal - distinguishing between formats, the'awkward squad', loose-leaf files, websites and skeletons What's a strange attractor? Cataloguing subjects you know nothing about -finding the right subject headings, verifying your information ki an ne lit pas le francais: unkriown languages and how to deal with them - what language is it, transcribing non-Roman alphabets, understanding the subject Special cases - rare books and archival collections, children's books, electronic media Resources for cataloguers - reference books, online discussion lists, conferences, bibliography

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Date

22. 6.2009 12:46:51

Footnote

Rez. in: nfd 54(2003) H.5, S.314 (W. Ratzek): "Um entscheidungsrelevante Daten aus der ständig wachsenden Flut von mehr oder weniger relevanten Dokumenten zu extrahieren, müssen Unternehmen, öffentliche Verwaltung oder Einrichtungen der Fachinformation effektive und effiziente Filtersysteme entwickeln, einsetzen und pflegen. Das vorliegende Lehrbuch von Holger Nohr bietet erstmalig eine grundlegende Einführung in das Thema "automatische Indexierung". Denn: "Wie man Information sammelt, verwaltet und verwendet, wird darüber entscheiden, ob man zu den Gewinnern oder Verlierern gehört" (Bill Gates), heißt es einleitend. Im ersten Kapitel "Einleitung" stehen die Grundlagen im Mittelpunkt. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Dokumenten-Management-Systeme, Information Retrieval und Indexierung für Planungs-, Entscheidungs- oder Innovationsprozesse, sowohl in Profit- als auch Non-Profit-Organisationen werden beschrieben. Am Ende des einleitenden Kapitels geht Nohr auf die Diskussion um die intellektuelle und automatische Indexierung ein und leitet damit über zum zweiten Kapitel "automatisches Indexieren. Hier geht der Autor überblickartig unter anderem ein auf - Probleme der automatischen Sprachverarbeitung und Indexierung - verschiedene Verfahren der automatischen Indexierung z.B. einfache Stichwortextraktion / Volltextinvertierung, - statistische Verfahren, Pattern-Matching-Verfahren. Die "Verfahren der automatischen Indexierung" behandelt Nohr dann vertiefend und mit vielen Beispielen versehen im umfangreichsten dritten Kapitel. Das vierte Kapitel "Keyphrase Extraction" nimmt eine Passpartout-Status ein: "Eine Zwischenstufe auf dem Weg von der automatischen Indexierung hin zur automatischen Generierung textueller Zusammenfassungen (Automatic Text Summarization) stellen Ansätze dar, die Schlüsselphrasen aus Dokumenten extrahieren (Keyphrase Extraction). Die Grenzen zwischen den automatischen Verfahren der Indexierung und denen des Text Summarization sind fließend." (S. 91). Am Beispiel NCR"s Extractor/Copernic Summarizer beschreibt Nohr die Funktionsweise.

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Object

DDC-22

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Abstract

This book examines a core topic in traditional librarianship: classification. Classification has often been treated as a sub-set of cataloguing and indexing with relatively few basic textbooks concentrating solely an the theory and practice of classifying resources. This book attempts to redress the balance somewhat. The aim is to demystify a complex subject, by providing a sound theoretical underpinning, together with practical advice and promotion of practical skills. The text is arranged into five chapters: Chapter 1: Classification in theory and practice. This chapter explores theories of classification in broad terms and then focuses an the basic principles of library classification, introducing readers to technical terminology and different types of classification scheme. The next two chapters examine individual classification schemes in depth. Each scheme is explained using frequent examples to illustrate basic features. Working through the exercises provided should be enjoyable and will enable readers to gain practical skills in using the three most widely used general library classification schemes: Dewey Decimal Classification, Library of Congress Classification and Universal Decimal Classification. Chapter 2: Classification schemes for general collections. Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress classifications are the most useful and popular schemes for use in general libraries. The background, coverage and structure of each scheme are examined in detail in this chapter. Features of the schemes and their application are illustrated with examples. Chapter 3: Classification schemes for specialist collections. Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress may not provide sufficient depth of classification for specialist collections. In this chapter, classification schemes that cater to specialist needs are examined. Universal Decimal Classification is superficially very much like Dewey Decimal, but possesses features that make it a good choice for specialist libraries or special collections within general libraries. It is recognised that general schemes, no matter how deep their coverage, may not meet the classification needs of some collections. An answer may be to create a special classification scheme and this process is examined in detail here. Chapter 4: Classifying electronic resources. Classification has been reborn in recent years with an increasing need to organise digital information resources. A lot of work in this area has been conducted within the computer science discipline, but uses basic principles of classification and thesaurus construction. This chapter takes a broad view of theoretical and practical issues involved in creating classifications for digital resources by examining subject trees, taxonomies and ontologies. Chapter 5: Summary. This chapter provides a brief overview of concepts explored in depth in previous chapters. Development of practical skills is emphasised throughout the text. It is only through using classification schemes that a deep understanding of their structure and unique features can be gained. Although all the major schemes covered in the text are available an the Web, it is recommended that hard-copy versions are used by those wishing to become acquainted with their overall structure. Recommended readings are supplied at the end of each chapter and provide useful sources of additional information and detail. Classification demands precision and the application of analytical skills, working carefully through the examples and the practical exercises should help readers to improve these faculties. Anyone who enjoys cryptic crosswords should recognise a parallel: classification often involves taking the meaning of something apart and then reassembling it in a different way.

Footnote

The heart of the book lies in its exceptionally clear and well illustrated explanation of each of the classification schemes. These are presented comprehensively, but also in gratifying detail, down to the meaning of the various enigmatic notes and notations, such as "config" or "class elsewhere" notes, each simply explained, as if a teacher were standing over your shoulder leading you through it. Such attention at such a fine level may seem superfluous or obvious to a seasoned practitioner, but it is in dealing with such enigmatic details that we find students getting discouraged and confused. That is why I think this would be an excellent text, especially as a book to hold in one hand and the schedules themselves in the other. While the examples throughout and the practical exercises at the end of each chapter are slanted towards British topics, they are aptly Chosen and should present no problem of understanding to a student anywhere. As mentioned, this is an unabashedly practical book, focusing an classification as it has been and is presently applied in libraries for maintaining a "useful book order." It aims to develop those skills that would allow a student to learn how it is done from a procedural rather than a critical perspective. At times, though, one wishes for a bit more of a critical approach - one that would help a student puzzle through some of the ambiguities and issues that the practice of classification in an increasingly global rather than local environment entails. While there is something to be said for a strong foundation in existing practice (to understand from whence it all came), the author essentially accepts the status quo, and ventures almost timidly into any critique of the content and practice of existing classification schemes. This lack of a critical analysis manifests itself in several ways: - The content of the classification schemes as described in this book is treated as fundamentally "correct" or at least "given." This is not to say the author doesn't recognize anomalies and shortcomings, but that her approach is to work with what is there. Where there are logical flaws in the knowledge representation structures, the author takes the approach that there are always tradeoffs, and one must simply do the best one can. This is certainly true for most people working in libraries where the choice of scheme is not controlled by the classifier, and it is a wonderful skill indeed to be able to organize creatively and carefully despite imperfect systems. The approach is less convincing, however, when it is also applied to emerging or newly developed schemes, such as those proposed for organizing electronic resources. Here, the author could have been a bit braver in at least encouraging less normative approaches. - There is also a lingering notion that classification is a precise science. For example the author states (p. 13): Hospitality is the ability to accommodate new topics and concepts in their correct place in the schedules ... Perfect hospitality world mean that every new subject could be accommodated in the most appropriate place in the schedules. In practice, schemes do manage to fit new subjects in, but not necessarily in their most appropriate place. It world have been helpful to acknowledge that for many complex subjects there is no one appropriate place. The author touches an this dilemma, but in passing, and not usually when she is providing practical pointers.
- Similarly, there is very little space provided to the thorny issue of subject analysis, which is at the conceptual core of classification work of any kind. The author's recommendations are practical, and do not address the subjective nature of this activity, nor the fundamental issues of how the classification schemes are interpreted and applied in diverse contexts, especially with respect to what a work "is about." - Finally, there is very little about practical problem solving - stories from the trenches as it were. How does a classifier choose one option over another when both seem plausible, even given that he or she has done a user and task analysis? How do classifiers respond to rapid or seemingly impulsive change? How do we evaluate the products of our work? How do we know what is the "correct" solution, even if we work, as most of us do, assuming that this is an elusive goal, but we try our best anyway? The least satisfying section of the book is the last, where the author proposes some approaches to organizing electronic resources. The suggestions seem to be to more or less transpose and adapt skills and procedures from the world of organizing books an shelves to the virtual hyperlinked world of the Web. For example, the author states (p. 153-54): Precise classification of documents is perhaps not as crucial in the electronic environment as it is in the traditional library environment. A single document can be linked to and retrieved via several different categories to allow for individual needs and expertise. However, it is not good practice to overload the system with links because that will affect its use. Effort must be made to ensure that inappropriate or redundant links are not included. The point is well taken: too muck irrelevant information is not helpful. At the same time an important point concerning the electronic environment has been overlooked as well: redundancy is what relieves the user from making precise queries or knowing the "right" place for launching a search, and redundancy is what is so natural an the Web. These are small objections, however. Overall the book is a carefully crafted primer that gives the student a strong foundation an which to build further understanding. There are well-chosen and accessible references for further reading. I world recommend it to any instructor as an excellent starting place for deeper analysis in the classroom and to any student as an accompanying text to the schedules themselves."

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Abstract

A system of library classification that flashed across the inquiring mind of young Melvil Louis Kossuth Dewey (known as Melvil Dewey) in 1873 is still the most popular classification scheme.. The modern library classification begins with Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Melvil Dewey devised DDC in 1876. DDC has is credit of 128 years of boudless success. The DDC is being taught as a practical subject throughout the world and it is being used in majority of libraries in about 150 countries. This is the result of continuous revision that 22nd Edition of DDC has been published in July 2003. No other classification scheme has published so many editions. Some welcome changes have been made in DDC 22. To reduce the Christian bias in 200 religion, the numbers 201 to 209 have been devoted to specific aspects of religion. In the previous editions these numbers were devoted to Christianity. to enhance the classifier's efficiency, Table 7 has been removed from DDC 22 and the provision of adding group of persons is made by direct use of notation already available in schedules and in notation -08 from Table 1 Standard Subdivision. The present book is an attempt to explain, with suitable examples, the salient provisions of DDC 22. The book is written in simple language so that the students may not face any difficulty in understanding what is being explained. The examples in the book are explained in a step-by-step procedure. It is hoped that this book will prove of great help and use to the library professionals in general and library and information science students in particular.

Content

1. Introduction to DDC 22 2. Major changes in DDC 22 3. Introduction to the schedules 4. Use of Table 1 : Standard Subdivisions 5. Use of Table 2 : Areas 6. Use of Table 3 : Subdivisions for the arts, for individual literatures, for specific literary forms 7. Use to Table 4 : Subdivisions of individual languages and language families 8. Use of Table 5 : Ethic and National groups 9. Use of Table 6 : Languages 10. Treatment of Groups of Persons

Object

DDC-22

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DDC-22

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LCSH

Database management

Subject

Database management

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Classification

ST 270 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme

RVK

ST 270 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.1, S.144-145 (H. Saggion): "... This volume is a very valuable source of information for not only students and professionals in library and information science but also for individuals and institutions involved in knowledge management and organization activities. Because of its broad coverage of the information science topic, teachers will find the contents of this book useful for courses in the areas of information technology, digital as well as traditional libraries, and information science in general."

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Source

Password. 2000, H.5, S.22-31

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Date

17. 6.2015 15:22:06

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Abstract

The fourth edition of this standard student text, "Organizing Knowledge", incorporates extensive revisions reflecting the increasing shift towards a networked and digital information environment, and its impact on documents, information, knowledge, users and managers.Offering a broad-based overview of the approaches and tools used in the structuring and dissemination of knowledge, it is written in an accessible style and well illustrated with figures and examples. The book has been structured into three parts and twelve chapters and has been thoroughly updated throughout.Part I discusses the nature, structuring and description of knowledge. Part II, with its five chapters, lies at the core of the book focusing as it does on access to information. Part III explores different types of knowledge organization systems and considers some of the management issues associated with such systems. Each chapter includes learning objectives, a chapter summary and a list of references for further reading.This is a key introductory text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of information management.

Footnote

Rez. in: VOEB-Mitt. 61(2008) H.4, S.164-167 (O. Oberhauser): " Dieses nunmehr in vierter Auflage vorliegende Werk ist - vor allem in der angelsächsischen Welt - bereits zu einem Standardlehrtext für Studenten informationswissenschaftlicher Studiengänge geworden. Es zeichnete sich stets durch klaren Aufbau, gute Lesbarkeit und eine bei aller Knappheit doch relativ umfassende Themenbehandlung aus. Der im Titel verwendete Begriff organizing knowledge steht hier ja nicht für mögliche engere Bedeutungen wie etwa Wissensrepräsentation oder gar Klassifikation, sondern für den gesamten Themenbereich information retrieval bzw. information management. Die beiden ersten Auflagen verfasste die versierte und produktive Lehrbuchautorin Jennifer Rowley noch alleine;1 erst bei der dritten Auflage (2000) stand ihr John Farrow (2002 verstorben) als Mitautor zur Seite.2 Inzwischen zur Professorin am Department of Information and Communications der Manchester Metropolitan University avanciert, konnte Rowley nunmehr für die neueste Auflage den ebenfalls als Lehrbuchautor erfahrenen Richard Hartley, Professor am selben Institut und überdies dessen Vorstand, als zweiten Verfasser gewinnen. Wie die Autoren in der Einleitung ausführen, wurde das Buch gegenüber der letzten Auflage stark verändert. Die Neuerungen spiegeln insbesondere die anhaltende Verschiebung hin zu einer vernetzten und digitalen Informationswelt wider, mit allen Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklung für Dokumente, Information, Wissen, Informationsdienste und Benutzer. Neue bzw. stark überarbeitete Themenbereiche sind u.a. Ontologien und Taxonomien, Informationsverhalten, digitale Bibliotheken, Semantisches Web, Evaluation von Informationssystemen, Authentifizierung und Sicherheit, Veränderungsmanagement. Der Text wurde revidiert und auch, was diverse Standards und Normen betrifft, auf den aktuellen Stand gebracht. Der in der dritten Auflage noch separate Abschnitt über das Internet und seine Anwendungen wurde zugunsten einer Integration dieser Themen in die einzelnen Kapitel aufgelassen. Das Buch wurde neu gegliedert - es weist jetzt zwölf Kapitel auf, die in drei grosse Abschnitte gruppiert sind. Jedes Kapitel beginnt mit einer kurzen Einleitung, in der die beabsichtigten Lehr- bzw. Lernziele vorgestellt werden. Am Kapitelende gibt es jeweils eine Zusammenfassung, einige (Prüfungs-)Fragen zum Stoff sowie eine nicht allzu lange Liste der zitierten bzw. zur Vertiefung empfohlenen Literatur. Diese durchgehende Strukturierung erleichtert die Lektüre und Rezeption der Inhalte und ist m.E. für einen Lehrtext besonders vorteilhaft.

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Abstract

LCSH are increasingly seen as 'the' English language controlled vocabulary, despite their lack of a theoretical foundation, and their evident US bias. In mapping exercises between national subject heading lists, and in exercises in digital resource organization and management, LCSH are often chosen because of the lack of any other widely accepted English language standard for subject cataloguing. It is therefore important that the basic nature of LCSH, their advantages, and their limitations, are well understood both by LIS practitioners and those in the wider information community. Information professionals who attended library school before 1995 - and many more recent library school graduates - are unlikely to have had a formal introduction to LCSH. Paraprofessionals who undertake cataloguing are similarly unlikely to have enjoyed an induction to the broad principles of LCSH. There is currently no compact guide to LCSH written from a UK viewpoint, and this eminently practical text fills that gap. It features topics including: background and history of LCSH; subject heading lists; structure and display in LCSH; form of entry; application of LCSH; document analysis; main headings; topical, geographical and free-floating sub-divisions; building compound headings; name headings; headings for literature, art, music, history and law; and, LCSH in the online environment. There is a strong emphasis throughout on worked examples and practical exercises in the application of the scheme, and a full glossary of terms is supplied. No prior knowledge or experience of subject cataloguing is assumed. This is an indispensable guide to LCSH for practitioners and students alike from a well-known and popular author.

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Abstract

This revised edition of Wynar's Introduction to Cataloging and Classification (9th ed., 2000) completely incorporates revisions of AACR2, enhancements to MARC 21, and developments in areas such as resource description and access. Aside from the many revisions and updates and improved organization, the basic content remains the same. Beginning with an introduction to cataloging, cataloging rules, and MARC format, the book then turns to its largest section, "Description and Access." Authority control is explained, and the various methods of subject access are described in detail. Finally, administrative issues, including catalog management, are discussed. The glossary, source notes, suggested reading, and selected bibliography have been updated and expanded, as has the index. The examples throughout help to illustrate rules and concepts, and most MARC record examples are now shown in OCLC's Connexion format. This is an invaluable resource for cataloging students and beginning catalogers as well as a handy reference tool for more experienced catalogers.

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Series

Content and communication: Terminology, language resources and semantic interoperability; Bd.2

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Series

Materialien zur Information und Dokumentation; Bd.22

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Content

"The contents of the book cover: This book is intended as an introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification, edition 22. It is not a substitute for it, and I assume that you have it, all four volumes of it, by you while reading the book. I have deliberately included only a short section an WebDewey. This is partly because WebDewey is likely to change more frequently than the printed version, but also because this book is intended to help you use the scheme regardless of the manifestation in which it appears. If you have a subscription to WebDewey and not the printed volumes you may be able to manage with that, but you may then find my references to volumes and page numbers baffling. All the examples and exercises are real; what is not real is the idea that you can classify something without seeing more than the title. However, there is nothing that I can do about this, and I have therefore tried to choose examples whose titles adequately express their subject-matter. Sometimes when you look at the 'answers' you may feel that you have been cheated, but I hope that this will be seldom. Two people deserve special thanks. My colleague Vanda Broughton has read drafts of the book and made many suggestions. Ross Trotter, chair of the CILIP Dewey Decimal Classification Committee, who knows more about Dewey than anyone in Britain today, has commented extensively an it and as far as possible has saved me from error, as well as suggesting many improvements. What errors remain are due to me alone. Thanks are also owed to OCLC Online Computer Library Center, for permission to reproduce some specimen pages of DDC 22. Excerpts from the Dewey Decimal Classification are taken from the Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, Edition 22 which is Copyright 2003 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. DDC, Dewey, Dewey Decimal Classification and WebDewey are registered trademarks of OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc."

Object

DDC-22

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Footnote

Rez. in: XML Magazin und Web Services 2003, H.1, S.14 (S. Meyen): "Seit dem 22. Februar 1999 ist das Resource Description Framework (RDF) als W3C-Empfehlung verfügbar. Doch was steckt hinter diesem Standard, der das Zeitalter des Semantischen Webs einläuten soll? Was RDF bedeutet, wozu man es einsetzt, welche Vorteile es gegenüber XML hat und wie man RDF anwendet, soll in diesem Artikel erläutert werden. Schlägt man das Buch auf und beginnt, im EinleitungsKapitel zu schmökern, fällt sogleich ins Auge, dass der Leser nicht mit Lektionen im Stile von "bei XML sind die spitzen Klammern ganz wichtig" belehrt wird, obgleich es sich um ein Buch für Anfänger handelt. Im Gegenteil: Es geht gleich zur Sache und eine gesunde Mischung an Vorkenntnissen wird vorausgesetzt. Wer sich heute für XML interessiert, der hat ja mit 99-prozentiger Wahrscheinlichkeit schon seine einschlägigen Erfahrungen mit HTML und dem Web gemacht und ist kein Newbie in dem Reich der spitzen Klammern und der (einigermaßen) wohlformatierten Dokumente. Und hier liegt eine deutliche Stärke des Werkes Helmut Vonhoegens, der seinen Einsteiger-Leser recht gut einzuschätzen weiß und ihn daher praxisnah und verständlich ans Thema heranführt. Das dritte Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Document Type Definition (DTD) und beschreibt deren Einsatzziele und Verwendungsweisen. Doch betont der Autor hier unablässig die Begrenztheit dieses Ansatzes, welche den Ruf nach einem neuen Konzept deutlich macht: XML Schema, welches er im folgenden Kapitel darstellt. Ein recht ausführliches Kapitel widmet sich dann dem relativ aktuellen XML Schema-Konzept und erläutert dessen Vorzüge gegenüber der DTD (Modellierung komplexer Datenstrukturen, Unterstützung zahlreicher Datentypen, Zeichenbegrenzungen u.v.m.). XML Schema legt, so erfährt der Leser, wie die alte DTD, das Vokabular und die zulässige Grammatik eines XML-Dokuments fest, ist aber seinerseits ebenfalls ein XML-Dokument und kann (bzw. sollte) wie jedes andere XML auf Wohlgeformtheit überprüft werden. Weitere Kapitel behandeln die Navigations-Standards XPath, XLink und XPointer, Transformationen mit XSLT und XSL und natürlich die XML-Programmierschnittstellen DOM und SAX. Dabei kommen verschiedene Implementierungen zum Einsatz und erfreulicherweise werden Microsoft-Ansätze auf der einen und Java/Apache-Projekte auf der anderen Seite in ungefähr vergleichbarem Umfang vorgestellt. Im letzten Kapitel schließlich behandelt Vonhoegen die obligatorischen Web Services ("Webdienste") als Anwendungsfall von XML und demonstriert ein kleines C#- und ASP-basiertes Beispiel (das Java-Äquivalent mit Apache Axis fehlt leider). "Einstieg in XML" präsentiert seinen Stoff in klar verständlicher Form und versteht es, seine Leser auf einem guten Niveau "abzuholen". Es bietet einen guten Überblick über die Grundlagen von XML und kann - zumindest derzeit noch - mit recht hoher Aktualität aufwarten."