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Abstract

What do primordial bacteria, medieval alchemists, and the World Wide Web have to do with each other? This fascinating exploration of how information systems emerge takes readers on a provocative journey through the history of the information age. Today's "information explosion" may seem like an acutely modern phenomenon, but we are not the first generation - nor even the first species - to wrestle with the problem of information overload. Long before the advent of computers, human beings were collecting, storing, and organizing information: from Ice Age taxonomies to Sumerian archives, Greek libraries to Dark Age monasteries. Today, we stand at a precipice, as our old systems struggle to cope with what designer Richard Saul Wurman called a "tsunami of data."With some historical perspective, however, we can begin to understand our predicament not just as the result of technological change, but as the latest chapter in an ancient story that we are only beginning to understand. Spanning disciplines from evolutionary theory and cultural anthropology to the history of books, libraries, and computer science, writer and information architect Alex Wright weaves an intriguing narrative that connects such seemingly far-flung topics as insect colonies, Stone Age jewelry, medieval monasteries, Renaissance encyclopedias, early computer networks, and the World Wide Web. Finally, he pulls these threads together to reach a surprising conclusion, suggesting that the future of the information age may lie deep in our cultural past. To counter the billions of pixels that have been spent on the rise of the seemingly unique World Wide Web, journalist and information architect Wright delivers a fascinating tour of the many ways that humans have collected, organized and shared information for more than 100,000 years to show how the information age started long before microchips or movable type. A self-described generalist who displays an easy familiarity with evolutionary biology and cultural anthropology as well as computer science and technology, Wright explores the many and varied roots of the Web, including how the structure of family relationships from Greek times, among others, has exerted a profound influence on the shape and structure of human information systems. He discusses how the violent history of libraries is the best lesson in how hierarchical systems collapse and give rise to new systems, and how the new technology of the book introduced the notion of random access to information. And he focuses on the work of many now obscure information-gathering pioneers such as John Wilkins and his Universal Categories and Paul Otlet, the Internet's forgotten forefather, who anticipated many of the problems bedeviling the Web today. (Publishers Weekly)

LCSH

Information organization / History
Information storage and retrieval systems / History
Information society / History

Subject

Information organization / History
Information storage and retrieval systems / History
Information society / History

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Date

26. 2.2008 19:22:51

Footnote

Rez. in: Assignation. 14(1997) no.2, S.24 (S. Vogel); Journal of librarianship and information science 30(1998) no.1, S.68 (J. Secker)

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Classification

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

DDC

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

Footnote

The book also includes an index, a selected bibliography, and endnotes for each article. More information on the authors of the articles would have been useful, however. One of the best features of Information Ethics is the discussion cases at the end of each chapter. For instance, in the discussion cases, Moore asks questions like: Would you allow one person to die to save nine? Should a scientist be allowed to experiment on people without their knowledge if there is no harm? Should marriages between people carrying a certain gene be outlawed? These discussion cases really add to the value of the readings. The only suggestion would be to have put them at the beginning of each section so the reader could have the questions floating in their heads as they read the material. Information Ethics is a well thought out and organized collection of articles. Moore has done an excellent job of finding articles to provide a fair and balanced look at a variety of complicated and far-reaching topics. Further, the work has breadth and depth. Moore is careful to include enough historical articles, like the 1890 Warren article, to give balance and perspective to new and modern topics like E-mail surveillance, biopiracy, and genetics. This provides a reader with just enough philosophy and history theory to work with the material. The articles are written by a variety of authors from differing fields so they range in length, tone, and style, creating a rich tapestry of ideas and arguments. However, this is not a quick or easy read. The subject matter is complex and one should plan to spend time with the book. The book is well worth the effort though. Overall, this is a highly recommended work for all libraries especially academic ones."

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Abstract

Information behavior has emerged as an important aspect of human life, however our knowledge and understanding of it is incomplete and underdeveloped scientifically. Research on the topic is largely contemporary in focus and has generally not incorporated results from other disciplines. In this monograph Spink provides a new understanding of information behavior by incorporating related findings, theories and models from social sciences, psychology and cognition. In her presentation, she argues that information behavior is an important instinctive sociocognitive ability that can only be fully understood with a highly interdisciplinary approach. The leitmotivs of her examination are three important research questions: First, what is the evolutionary, biological and developmental nature of information behavior? Second, what is the role of instinct versus environment in shaping information behavior? And, third, how have information behavior capabilities evolved and developed over time? Written for researchers in information science as well as social and cognitive sciences, Spink's controversial text lays the foundation for a new interdisciplinary theoretical perspective on information behavior that will not only provide a more holistic framework for this field but will also impact those sciences, and thus also open up many new research directions.

LCSH

Computer science
Library science

Series

Information science and knowledge management ; 6159

Subject

Computer science
Library science

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Content

"The book should be the natural choice as a textbook for the many new undergraduate courses on organization of information offered by schools of library and /or information science"

Series

Library and information science text series

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LCSH

Internet / Science / Handbooks

Subject

Internet / Science / Handbooks

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Date

22. 2.2008 17:36:03

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Footnote

Rez. in: IWP 60(1009) H.8, S.460 (A. Flicker): "Alexander Schuster, Jahrgang 1979, schloss an sein Diplom im Fach Informations- und Wissensmanagement das Masterstudium Information Science and Engineering in der Studienrichtung Library Science (Hochschule Darmstadt) an. Seine Fächerkombination spiegelt sich im Thema seines Buches wider: Er untersucht die Möglichkeiten, ein Instrument aus dem Wissensmanagement in Bibliotheken einzusetzen. Dabei geht es nicht "nur" um eine Wissensmanagement-Methode, die im operativen Alltagsgeschäft von Bibliotheken angewendet werden soll. Der Autor analysiert vielmehr das komplexe Thema Wissensbilanzierung als strategisches Managementinstrument im Gesamten. Der Leser wird über die Darstellung theoretischer Grundlagen und Terminologie-Definitionen an das Thema herangeführt. Relevante Quellen wurden sorgfältig ausgewertet und unterschiedliche Darstellungen einander gegenübergestellt. Man erfährt, wie die Begriffe Wissen, Intellektuelles Kapital und strategisches Management in der Forschungsliteratur erläutert werden. Zum Begriff Wissensbilanz beschreibt Schuster darüber hinaus die historischen, internationalen Entwicklungsstränge dieses Instruments. Außerdem liefert er Vergleiche mit und Abgrenzungen zu anderen Management-Instrumenten (Wissensmanagement, Qualitätsmanagement und Balanced Scorecard). Komplettiert wird das Kapitel Wissensbilanz durch die Untersuchung unterschiedlicher Ansätze bzw. Modelle, denen der Autor jeweils eine knappe eigene Bewertung angefügt hat.

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Date

22. 3.2008 18:05:16

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Date

22. 2.2008 14:05:48

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Date

11. 5.2008 19:49:22

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Content

- Infometrics & Representations Steffen Hennicke, Marlies Olensky, Viktor de Boer, Antoine Isaac, Jan Wielemaker: A data model for cross-domain data representation Stefanie Haustein: Wissenschaftliche Zeitschriften im Web 2.0 " Philipp Leinenkugel, Werner Dees, Marc Rittberger: Abdeckung erziehungswissenschaftlicher Zeitschriften in Google Scholar - Information Retrieval Ari Pirkola: Constructing Topic-specific Search Keyphrase: Suggestion Tools for Web Information Retrieval Philipp Mayr, Peter Mutschke, Vivien Petras, Philipp Schaer, York Sure: Applying Science Models for Search Daniela Becks, Thomas Mandl, Christa Womser-Hacker: Spezielle Anforderungen bei der Evaluierung von Patent-Retrieval-Systemen Andrea Ernst-Gerlach, Dennis Korbar, Ära Awakian: Entwicklung einer Benutzeroberfläche zur interaktiven Regelgenerierung für die Suche in historischen Dokumenten - Multimedia Peter Schultes, Franz Lehner, Harald Kosch: Effects of real, media and presentation time in annotated video Marc Ritter, Maximilian Eibl: Ein erweiterbares Tool zur Annotation von Videos Margret Plank: AV-Portal für wissenschaftliche Filme: Analyse der Nutzerbedarfe Achim Oßwald: Significant properties digitaler Objekte