Search (39 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Throughout history, science has been considered as the engine of modernity, signalling the supremacy of rational thought. The post-modern world, in contrast, is characterised by globalisation engendered by the development of communication technology. In this context, information is a social product and information science has broken from the traditional model of science, abandoning its initial attempt to establish laws and focusing instead on users. This has resulted in interdisciplinary links with related fields such as psychology, communications theory etc. In Brazil development is unequal, with some regions at a post-modern stage and other still feudal or pre-modern. The role of information here is to level these disparities and create a more just society

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Abstract

There is no generally agreed definition of what constitutes information or information science, but Kuhn's notion of paradigms provides a useful perspective for analysing current theories. If information science is considerd as an 'immature science', i.e. one yet to develop its own paradigm, this links it to the debate about science and technology: many of the activities associated with information science, e.g. organising information for users by creating databases, belong to the domain of technology. On this basis, computer related activities concerned with information can be dissociated from the domain of computer science, thus establishing an independent status for information science

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information science in the paradigmatic view of Thomas Kuhn: elements for reflection

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Abstract

Discussion of the interdisciplinary nature of information science as a field of research, based on essential concepts such as science, information and information science itself. Presents comprehensive themes of research on information science and the difficulties faced by the researcher in this field in the search to attain the existing scientific parameters and the expected prerequisites of any researcher

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The interdisciplinary nature of information science as a field of research

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Abstract

Information science is best defined as a discipline in terms of the problems it addresses. Its origins date back to the scientific and technical revolution after the 2nd World War, and its development has been essentially characterised by interdisciplinarity. Librarianship, computer science, cognitive science and communication studies all share interests with infomation science, but with increasing emphasis on the information society and the information industry dictated by technological imparatives, information science is now at a critical point in its evolution. The problem it sets out to solve are not decreasing but changing, with the pressure to improve access to an ever increasing store of knowledge. The social need for information science is evident, whatever the name given to the knowledge and skills which it encompasses

Content

Translation of a presentation given at the International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science held at the University of Tampere in Aug 1991

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information science: origin, evolution and relations

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Abstract

Documentation science has scientific status in that there is an identifiable scientific community and it uses research for problem-solving. It is characterised by both unity in diversity (i.e. documentation science integrates previous sciences such as library science, archive studies) and diversity in unity (i.e. it involves a whole range of non-documentation based disciplines). Documentation science seeks to generate new knowledge about documentary information, for the purpose of satisfying determined information needs. On this basis it can be understood as a conjunction of disciplines and sciences concerned with the study of that part of the documentation process focusing on information retrieval and dissemination

Content

Presentation given at a round table on paradigmatic focuses of library science, during the 14th colloque on library science at the National Autonomous University of Mexico

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The concept of information science: unity in diversity or diversity in unity

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Abstract

Information science is currently dominated by 2 paradigms: one emphasises information retrieval as a technological process, based on natural sciences; the other derives from the social sciences, focusing on the information process as a communication act. The first is based on the structure of atoms, the second as people as collective actors. In Brazil the social science approach predominates, chiefly through the influence of 3 currents of thought: American liberalism; German social democracy and French post-structuralism. The ideas of the chief exponents of these theories have been developed by Brazilian researchers, introducing elements from political economy, quantum physics, linguistics, social science and epistemology. This interdisciplinarity is the key to unity in information science

Content

Presentation given at a round table on paradigmatic focuses of library science, during the 14th colloque on library science at the National Autonomous University of Mexico

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Paradigmatic focuses of library science: unit of diversity or diversity in unity

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Abstract

Discussion of the ontological status of library science, drawing on theoretical perspectives derived from Aristotle, Husserl, Heidegger and Marx. The objects and laws of library science as part of the social sciences are widely disputed. Library science is concerned with elements in the real world - documents, libraries, users - and has its roots in the human need for self-knowldge through documents as the objectivisation of the human spirit. Essentially a practical discipline, library science also has a theoretical basis reflecting objective relations between objective elements: its future development will be determined by its continuing adaptation so as to satisfy human needs

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: A philosophical analysis of library science

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Content

Report of a concluding session at the 14th colloquy on library science at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, to discuss issues raised by the formal sessions on theoretical and philosophical problems. Three main themes emerged: (1) library science does have specific status although its specific limits, concepts and terminology are not agreed; (2) the ethical aspects, especially the question of the moral responsibilities of the leaders of the library science community, give rise to concern especially in relation to teaching curricula; and (3) the relation between information technology and society, which should ensure priority goes to the social aspects of library science in aiding human development

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Open debate on the epistemology of library science

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Date

30. 3.2002 19:45:22

Source

Revista Española de Documentaçion Cientifica. 22(1999) no.2, S.198-219

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Abstract

Library science has no strong scientific image bacause it lacks a consistent theoretical framework. The key element is information, information is knowlegde, and library science is knowledge in the service of society. Society itself is sustained by development, information and ideology, with information as the transforming element. Because of the universal need for information, library science is increasingly valued. The great problem is to delimit the object of study because of its vast area of application. The goals of library science are utopian, bound up with making information available to everyone in the best possible way. But although developments suchg as the Internet seem able to make this possible, in reality computerised information is available only to a minority

Content

Presentation given at a round table on paradigmatic focuses of library sceince, during the 14th colloquy on library science at the National Autonomous University of Mexiko

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Information: utopia and reality in library science

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Abstract

Article based on student discussions during the course on 'Theoretical foundations of information' at the Federal University of Minas Gerais Librarianship School (Brazil). Kuhn's theory of the structure of scientific revolutions provides a useful perspective for analysing the debate about the scientific status of the social sciences in general and information science in particular. There is no general consensus on the characteristics of information science, either as to its origin, legitimate objects of study or research methodology. Rather the debate focuses on wether information science is a development of librarianship, or an independent multidisciplinary activity. What can be stated is that information science has developed on the basis of increasing specialisation of the disciplines it involves - sociology, economics, anthropology, etc. - and its status is possibly more than that of a 'department' like medicine, which groups biology, genetics, etc.

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information science as a scientific discipline

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Abstract

Discusses the history of UDC in Spain from 1895 (when the first International Bibliography Conference aroused interest) to 1989, chiefly in terms of the contributions made by notable individual librarians, in terms of testing out, modifying and adapting UDC for their own collections. Changes of government in 1923 and 1931 and the consequent political upheavals prevented any state action, until 1939 when UDC became mandatory in all state-run libraries, and fully translated version finally became available. In 1989 this obligation was dropped, which may well make inter-library coordination more difficult in the future

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Abstract

Discusses the development of the concept of documentation throughout the history of the human race, one that has been the subject of much written research both within and outside Spain. Defines the concept in general terms and discusses it from a scientific, informational, linguistic, and educational perspective. Explains what the term information sciences encompasses

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Abstract

Introduces the concept of search engines, their evolution in the recent history of the Internet, their components, procedures and suggested classification. In an attempt to solve the current terminological chaos. Analyses their comparative advantages and disadvantages and makes proposals for further improvements. Presents a bibliography for further reading

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Abstract

Identifies those skills required by a library and information science graduate. Describes a method for teaching UDC based on an analytic-synthetic approach to classification structure and function. This method reduces the practical time needed for learning UDC

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: A methodology for teaching UDC to undergraduate students in library and information science

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Abstract

Establishes a connection between knowledge processes in the lower level of living organisms - bacteria - and the modern sophisticated society of scientists from the perspective of the 'artificial life' paradigm. Explores bacterial colonies from an information perspective. Views the society of science as a living biological society, where sciences interact not only hierarchically but in horizontal cooperation processes. Discusses the education system, scientific politics and the geography of science

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Abstract

Analyses the concept of a user friendly interface together with the key position it occupies in information retrieval systems: the control of intercation with the human operator, and the optimisation of the relationship between them. Proposes a definition of friendliness to ensure the proper evaluation of an interface. Traces a schematic history of the human-machine interface develoment and considers its cognitive backgrounds and development techniques. Discusses 3 innovative prototypes in the field of bibliographic information: Icarus; The BookHouse; and Okapi. Considers the future development of interaction between bibliographic information systems and users

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Abstract

Considers historical and systematic approaches to the development of documentary languages and knowledge classification. Proposes an alternative scheme for knowledge organisation based on the views of information managers and scientific classification structures. The adoption of an interdisciplinary approach permits an understanding of the history of knowledge organisation and the development of systems and methods of taxonomy. The origin of hierarchical and associative structures for documentary languages is traditionally the domain of librarians. Classification schemes should be able to survive change and subject integration

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Source

Revista interamericana de bibliotecologia. 22(1999) no.1, S.21-35

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Abstract

INFOBILA, a regional database of Latin American library and information science literature supported by the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the Organisation of American States and IFLA, is constructing a thesaurus to harmonise terminology used in Spanish-speaking countries, each of which has its own variations. A group comprising experts from Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela and Chile was initiated in 1995 to develop standardised terms, using thesauri from these countries. By the next meeting in 1996, group members will have individually tested the provisional integrated list and these results will have to be used to finalise a definitive thesaurus

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Latin American library and information science thesaurus