-
Cole, C.; Behesthi, J.; Large, A.; Lamoureux, I.; Abuhimed, D.; AlGhamdi, M.: Seeking information for a middle school history project : the concept of implicit knowledge in the students' transition from Kuhlthau's Stage 3 to Stage 4 (2013)
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- Abstract
- The article reports the findings of a content analysis study of 16 student-group proposals for a grade eight history project. The students listed their topic and thesis in the proposal, and information in support of their thesis. The study's focus is this topic-to-thesis transition. The study's conceptual framework is Kuhlthau's six stage ISP Model's transition from exploring information in Stage 3 to formulating a focus or personal perspective on the assignment topic in Stage 4. Our study coding scheme identifies elements of the students' implicit knowledge in the 16 proposals. To validate implicit knowledge as a predictor of successful student performance, implicit knowledge was coded, scored, and then the correlation coefficient was established between the score and the students' instructors' marks. In Part 2 of the study we found strong and significant association between the McGill coding scores and the instructors' marks for the 16 proposals. This study is a first step in identifying, operationalizing, and testing user-centered implicit knowledge elements for future implementation in interactive information systems designed for middle school students researching a thesis-objective history assignment.
- Date
- 22. 3.2013 19:41:17
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.3, S.558-573
-
Jaskolla, L.; Rugel, M.: Smart questions : steps towards an ontology of questions and answers (2014)
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- Date
- 9. 2.2017 19:22:59
- Series
- History and philosophy of technoscience; 3
- Source
- Philosophy, computing and information science. Eds.: R. Hagengruber u. U.V. Riss
-
Kovacs, D.K.; Fleming, M.: Internet resources and humanities reference service (1994)
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- Abstract
- Discusses the information needs of humanities scholars and how humanities reference librarians can use Internet or BITNET resources to fulfil those information needs. Offers advice on locating and identifying Internet resources, and establishing the use of Internet resources in a reference service. Describes selected Internet resources in the disciplines of: classical studies, history, art history, literature, philosophy, religion, music, and linguistcs
- Imprint
- Illinois : University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
-
Covert and overt : recollecting and connecting intelligence service and information science (2005)
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- Classification
- 327.12 22
- Content
- Intelligence work and the information professions / Robert S. Taylor -- Spies of the airwaves / Norman Horrocks -- Intelligence work and information science : two men in a boat / David Batty -- The intelligence game : seeing is believing? / Robert Lee Chartrand -- Applications of information science to U.S. naval intelligence and narcotics intelligence, 1974-1992 / Emil Levine -- A life in the information trade / Charles T. Meadow -- Information management in MI5 before the age of the computer / Alistair Black and Rodney Brunt -- Some aspects of indexing in British intelligence, 1939-1945 / Rodney Brunt -- Intelligence agencies, librarians, and information scientists / Colin Burke -- Historical note on information science in wartime : pioneer documentation activities in World War II / Pamela Spence Richards -- Technology for open source government information and business intelligence / George L. Marling -- Knowledge transfer : information science shapes intelligencein the cold war era / Lee S. Strickland -- The information science and intelligence literature : an overview / Robert V. Williams -- Defining what information science is or should be : a survey and review of a half-century of published pronouncements / Ben-Ami Lipetz -- Wanted : a definition of "intelligence" / Michael Warner -- Evidence and inference in foreign intelligence / Maurice H. Hellner -- The zoo and the jungle : a comparison of the information practices of intelligence analysts and of scientists / Harold Wooster.
- DDC
- 327.12 22
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303-305 (L. Hayden): "Part history and part call to action, Covert and Overt examines the relationship between the disciplines of intelligence service and information science. The book is significant in that it captures both the rich history of partnership between the fields, and because it demonstrates clearly the incomplete nature of our understanding of that partnership. In the post-9/11 world, such understanding is increasingly important, as we struggle with the problem of transforming information into intelligence and intelligence into effective policy. Information science has an important role to play in meeting these challenges, but the sometimesambiguous nature of the field combined with similar uncertainties over what constitutes intelligence, makes any attempt at definitive answers problematic. The book is a collection of works from different contributors, in the words of one editor "not so much a created work as an aggregation" (p. 1). More than just an edited collection of papers, the book draws from the personal experiences of several prominent information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals from World War II onward. The result is a book that feels very personal and at times impassioned. The contributors attempt to shed light on an often-closed community of practice, a discipline that depends simultaneously on access to information and on secrecy. Intelligence, like information science, is also a discipline that finds itself increasingly attracted to and dependent upon technology, and an underlying question of the book is where and how technology benefits intelligence (as opposed to only masking more fundamental problems of process and analysis and providing little or no actual value).
The role of technology in both intelligence and information science is just one question explored in Covert and Overt, which takes on more fundamental issues as well. Even the ubiquitous "What is information?" debate is revisited. But the questions asked are always subordinate to the overarching theme of bringing concepts and techniques of intelligence and information science together and examining the results. The process and lifecycle of intelligence is explored and mapped to information science methods, primarily indexing and information retrieval. In more historical explorations undertaken by contributors, it becomes apparent that intelligence and information science have always been closely aligned, but that this alignment is not always perceived by those engaged in intelligence work. Interestingly, and probably not surprisingly, a general consensus seems to be that library and information science practitioners involved in intelligence were (and are) more capable of seeing the complementary nature of the techniques information science brings to intelligence services than many intelligence professionals, who often needed demonstrations of efficacy to be convinced. Structurally, the book is divided into four parts, moving from anecdotal accounts through to discussions of definition and theory. Part 1, "Information Science and Intelligence: Reminiscences and Reflections from World War II to Today" is comprised of the personal stories of information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals at various times during and since World War II, collected from special panel presentations at the 2001 and 2002 American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) annual conferences. These contributors include former American and British servicemen and intelligence officers who all relate a common experience of dealing with information, documents, and other records in the pursuit of intelligence goals.
This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."
- LCSH
- Information science
- Subject
- Information science
-
Yoo, E.-Y.; Robbins, L.S.: Understanding middle-aged women's health information seeking on the web : a theoretical approach (2008)
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- Date
- 9. 2.2008 17:52:22
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.4, S.577-590
-
Bryson, J.: Managing information services : an integrated approach (1997)
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- Date
- 31.12.1998 22:01:11
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Journal of librarianship and information science 30(1998) no.2, S.146-148 (S.P. Webb)
-
Nicholas, D.: Assessing information needs : tools and techniques (1996)
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- Date
- 26. 2.2008 19:22:51
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Assignation. 14(1997) no.2, S.24 (S. Vogel); Journal of librarianship and information science 30(1998) no.1, S.68 (J. Secker)
-
Gorman, P.: Information seeking of primary care physicians : conceptual models and empirical studies (1999)
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- Abstract
- As medical students, learning to do a Complete History and Physical is one of the first great challenges in the transition from being a classroom student to being a clinical trainee on the hospital wards. The Complete History and Physical, summarized in Table 1, is a highly structured, comprehensive data gathering exercise which combines open-ended interviewing techniques, letting the patient `tell the story' of his or her illness, with focused, orderly questioning about virtually every aspect of that patient's life which might have bearing on their health. A key feature of this procedure is that, with the exception of gender-specific questions such as an obstetric history in a man, every patient is asked every question, to ensure that the database is complete. Until it is committed to memory, many students work from a detailed list of questions, often many pages in length, based on recommended examples found in widely used textbooks (Walker & Hurst, 1976, Degowin & Degowin, 1976). This exhaustive initial data gathering activity is only the first step in the process. Once all the data have been collected and recorded, the student must organize and categorize the information into his or her Impression, a complete tabulation of the patient's health problems and possible explanations for them (Differential Diagnosis).
- Date
- 22. 3.2002 9:42:19
-
Polly, J.A.: Somebody knocking' : the public library at the electronic door (1993)
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- Abstract
- A suburban public library with a long history of technological innovation chronicles its adventures during its first year of Internet connectivity, including staff use of electronic mail, TELNET, and File Transfer Protocol. Future plans include public use from the computer lab located in the library. A resource section includes information on how to get on the Internet and how to learn more about it through user guides
- Imprint
- Illinois : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
-
Orna, E.: Information policies : yesterday, today, tomorrow (2009)
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- Abstract
- This article presents a brief history of the development of ideas about national and organizational information policies, from the first establishment of a UK Ministry of Information in the First World War to the present day. The issues and tensions that have characterized attempts to develop and implement policies on the national and organizational scale are discussed, with particular reference to: the power relations between the parties to them; the relative significance accorded to information technology and information content; the transition from formulating policy to acting on it; and the threats to the survival of those policies that get as far as implementation. In conclusion, the contribution to date of information science to the theory and practice of information policies is assessed, and suggestions are offered on directions for future efforts, in the light of the past of this interesting field.
- Source
- Information science in transition, Ed.: A. Gilchrist
-
Cromer, D.E.; Testi, A.R.: Integrated continuing education for reference librarians (1994)
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- Abstract
- Professional librarians operate in an environment characterized by a high level of change. In order to respond to this information environment, it is essential for science and engineering librarians to keep pace with the staggering growth in research information and resources, and with the heightened expectation of the populations with which they interact. The paradox of the need for subject specificity coupled with the need for diversity of subject knowledge presents reference librarians with an unusual challenge. Continuing education programs that are woven into the fabric of job responsibilities can be utilized effectively to enhance the abilities of reference librarians and the quality of services delivered. In this article, Cromer and Testi present a model of a structured, integrated continuing education program for reference librarians utilized at the University of New Mexico's Centennial Science and Engineering Library
- Source
- Reference services review. 22(1994) no.4, S.51-58
-
Beheshti, J.; Cole, C.; Abuhimed, D.; Lamoureux, I.: Tracking middle school students' information behavior via Kuhlthau's ISP Model : temporality (2015)
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- Abstract
- The article reports a field study investigating the temporality of the information behavior of 44 grade 8 students from initiation to completion of their school inquiry-based history project. The conceptual framework for the study is Kuhlthau's 6-stage information-search process (ISP) model. The objective of the study is to test and extend ISP model concepts. As per other ISP model studies, our study measured the evolution of the feelings, thoughts, and actions of the study participants over the 3-month period of their class project. The unique feature of this study is the unlimited access the researchers had to a real-life history class, resulting in 12 separate measuring periods. We report 2 important findings of the study. First, through factor analysis, we determined 5 factors that define the temporality of completing an inquiry-based project for these grade 8 students. The second main finding is the importance of the students' consultations with their classmates, siblings, parents, and teachers in the construction of the knowledge necessary to complete their project.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 66(2015) no.5, S.943-960
-
Cole, C.; Beheshti, J.; Abuhimed, D.; Lamoureux, I.: ¬The end game in Kuhlthau's ISP Model : knowledge construction for grade 8 students researching an inquiry-based history project (2015)
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- Abstract
- This article reports on a field study of the information behavior of Grade 8 students researching an inquiry-based class history project. Kuhlthau's 7-stage Information Search Process (ISP) model forms the conceptual framework for the study. The aim of the study was to define an end game for the ISP model by answering the following question: How do the student participants' feelings, thoughts, and information behavior lead to the construction of new knowledge? Study findings tentatively indicate that knowledge construction results from an iterative process between the student and information, which can be divided into 3 phases. In the first phase, the students formulate questions from their previous knowledge to start knowledge construction; in the second phase, newly found topic information causes students to ask questions; and in the third phase, the students answer the questions asked by this newly found topic information. Based on these results and Kuhlthau's own ISP stage 7 assessment definition of the ISP model end game, we propose a model of knowledge construction inserted as an extra row in the ISP model framework.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 66(2015) no.11, S.2249-2266
-
Rowley, J.: ¬The changing face of current awareness services (1998)
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- Date
- 9. 2.1997 18:44:22
22. 2.1999 17:48:45
- Source
- Journal of librarianship and information science. 30(1998) no.3, S.177-183
-
Gill, H.S.; Yates-Mercer, P.: ¬The dissemination of information by local authorities on the World Wide Web (1998)
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- Date
- 10. 1.1999 17:22:49
- Source
- Journal of information science. 24(1998) no.2, S.105-112
-
Julien, H.: Bibliographic instruction trends in Canadian academic libraries (1997)
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- Source
- Canadian journal of information and library science. 22(1997) no.2, S.1-15
-
Kantor, B.; Boros, E.; Melamed, B.; Menkov, V: ¬The information quest : a dynamic model of user's information needs (1999)
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- Abstract
- In networked information environments, using server-browser architectures, nearly all information finding episodes become extended interactions between the user and the system. In this setting the system needs some way to "understand" what the user is seeking, as this goal adapts and is modified during a session or a series of sessions. We describe a formal model, in which the model of the user's quest is represented as a generalized abstract "response function" representing the user's response to the information delivered by the system. Representing this response as u(n) = Q(S(n - 1)) shows that the user's utterance u(n) at a time step n is determined according to the user's "response function" Q by the materials S(n - 1) that had been presented up through the previous time step n - 1. The entire history of materials presented thus plays a role in determining the user's response, providing a very rich probe into the precise nature of the user's information quest, here represented by the rule Q. We show how this gives rise naturally to a new model for assimilating relevance feedback information, and to the concept of itineraries in the information network. Finally the concept of an information quest Q, provides a natural framework for considering the time dependence of information about the user's needs, and for various models of information aging. The use and effectiveness of this concept are illustrated with data collected in the Ant World Project at Rutgers
- Series
- Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science; vol.36
- Source
- Knowledge: creation, organization and use. Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, 31.10.-4.11.1999. Ed.: L. Woods
-
Broady, J.E.: Costing of bibliographic services (1997)
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- Date
- 9. 2.1997 18:44:22
22. 9.1997 18:41:15
- Source
- Journal of librarianship and information science. 29(1997) no.2, S.89-94
-
Smet, E. de: Evaluation of a computerised community information system through transaction analysis and user survey (1995)
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- Abstract
- Reports on the results of a transaction analysis and user survey, evaluating a pilot system for computerized community information in a public library, based on the GDIS system (Gemeenschaps Informatie Documentair System). The non hierarchical and global approach to the integrated database proved to be useful for novice users. Out of many parameters only frequency of use correlates with retrieval success. The online questionnaire proved to be worthwhile although restricted in scope. The logbook transaction analysis yielded a rich amount of useful management information for the systems managers. The user survey yielded a rich set of data on which to perform statistical analyses according to social science practice, from which some interesting relations could be detected
- Date
- 23.10.1995 19:22:11
-
Shaw, D.: Challenges of information technology in improving information services (1997)
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- Date
- 22. 2.1999 16:50:03
- Source
- Journal of information; communication; and library science. 4(1997) no.1, S.3-9
