-
Axelos, C.; Flasch, K.; Schepers, H.; Kuhlen, R.; Romberg, R.; Zimmermann, R.: Allgemeines/Besonderes (1971-2007)
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- Footnote
- DOI: 10.24894/HWPh.5033. Vgl. unter: https://www.schwabeonline.ch/schwabe-xaveropp/elibrary/start.xav#__elibrary__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27verw.allgemeinesbesonderes%27%5D__1515856414979.
-
McCray, A.T.; Bodenreider, O.: ¬A conceptual framework for the biomedical domain (2002)
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- Abstract
- Specialized domains often come with an extensive terminology, suitable for storing and exchanging information, but not necessarily for knowledge processing. Knowledge structures such as semantic networks, or ontologies, are required to explore the semantics of a domain. The UMLS project at the National Library of Medicine is a research effort to develop knowledge-based resources for the biomedical domain. The Metathesaurus is a large body of knowledge that defines and inter-relates 730,000 biomedical concepts, and the Semantic Network defines the semantic principles that apply to this domain. This chapter presents these two knowledge sources and illustrates through a research study how they can collaborate to further structure the domain. The limits of the approach are discussed.
-
Jouis, C.: Logic of relationships (2002)
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- Abstract
- A main goal of recent studies in semantics is to integrate into conceptual structures the models of representation used in linguistics, logic, and/or artificial intelligence. A fundamental problem resides in the need to structure knowledge and then to check the validity of constructed representations. We propose associating logical properties with relationships by introducing the relationships into a typed and functional system of specifcations. This makes it possible to compare conceptual representations against the relationships established between the concepts. The mandatory condition to validate such a conceptual representation is consistency. The semantic system proposed is based an a structured set of semantic primitives-types, relations, and properties-based an a global model of language processing, Applicative and Cognitive Grammar (ACG) (Desc16s, 1990), and an extension of this model to terminology (Jouis & Mustafa 1995, 1996, 1997). The ACG postulates three levels of representation of languages, including a cognitive level. At this level, the meanings of lexical predicates are represented by semantic cognitive schemes. From this perspective, we propose a set of semantic concepts, which defines an organized system of meanings. Relations are part of a specification network based an a general terminological scheure (i.e., a coherent system of meanings of relations). In such a system, a specific relation may be characterized as to its: (1) functional type (the semantic type of arguments of the relation); (2) algebraic properties (reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity, etc.); and (3) combinatorial relations with other entities in the same context (for instance, the part of the text where a concept is defined).
- Date
- 1.12.2002 11:12:22
-
Gerbé, O.; Mineau, G.W.; Keller, R.K.: Conceptual graphs, metamodelling, and notation of concepts : fundamental issues (2000)
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- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science; vol.1867: Lecture notes on artificial intelligence
- Theme
- Information Resources Management
-
Gilreath, C.T.: Merons, taxons, and qualities : a taxonomy of aspects (1995)
0.02
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- Abstract
- A new comprehensive taxonomy of all kinds of aspects (such as attribute, characteristic, feature, property and quality) is proposed, and concise, uniform names are suggested for the respective concepts. Based on this taxonomy, a new semantic network notation called ETA is briefly introduced
-
Marradi, A.: ¬The concept of concept : concepts and terms (2012)
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- Abstract
- The concept of concept has seldom been examined in its entirety, and the term very seldom defined. The rigidity, or lack thereof, and the homogeneity, or lack thereof, of concepts, are only two of their characteristics that have been debated. These issues are reviewed in this paper, namely: 1) does a concept represent its referent(s), or is it a free creation of the mind?; 2) can a concept be analyzed in parts or elements?; 3) must a concept be general, i.e., refer to a category or a type, or can it refer to a single object, physical or mental?; 4) are concepts as clearly delimited as terms are? Are concepts voiceless terms?; and, 5) what do terms contribute to an individual's and a community's conceptual richness? As regards the relationship of concepts with their referents in the stage of formation, it seems reasonable to conclude that said relationship may be close in some concepts, less close in others, and lacking altogether in some cases. The set of elements of a concept, which varies from individual to individual and across time inside the same individual, is called the intension of a concept. The set of referents of a concept is called the extension of that concept. Most concepts don't have a clearly delimited extension: their referents form a fuzzy set. The aspects of a concept's intension form a scale of generality. A concept is not equal to the term that describes it; rather, many terms are joined to concepts. Language, therefore, renders a gamut of services to the development, consolidation, and communication of conceptual richness.
- Date
- 22. 1.2012 13:11:25
-
Olson, H.A.: How we construct subjects : a feminist analysis (2007)
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- Content
- Beitrag in einem Themenheft 'Gender Issues in Information Needs and Services'.
- Date
- 11.12.2019 19:00:22
-
Dahlberg, I.: Concept and definition theory (1989)
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- Source
- Classification theory in the computer age: conversations across the disciplines. Proc. from the Conf. 18.-19.11.1988, Albany, NY
-
Nelson, S.J.: From meaning to term : semantic locality in the UMLS metathesaurus (1992)
0.01
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- Source
- Assessing the value of medical informatics: Proc. of the 15th Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care, Washington, DC, Nov.1991
-
Fellbaum, C.: On the semantics of troponymy (2002)
0.01
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- Abstract
- The principal relation linking verbs in a semantic network is the manner relation (or "troponymy"). We examine the nature of troponymy across different semantic domains and verb classes in an attempt to arrive at a more subtle understanding of this intuitive relation. Troponymy is not a semantically homogeneous relation; rather, it is polysemous and encompasses distinct sub-relations. We identify and discuss Manner, Function, and Result. Furthermore, different kinds of troponyms differ from their semantically less elaborated superordinates in their syntactic behavior. In some cases, troponyms exhibit a wider range of syntactic altemations; in other cases, the troponyms are more restricted in their argument-projecting properties.
-
¬The role of formal ontology in the information technology (1995)
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- Source
- International journal of human-computer studies. 43(1995) nos.5/6, S.623-965
-
Klein, W.: Organisation des Wissens durch Sprache : Konsequenzen für die maschinelle Sprachanalyse (1977)
0.01
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- Abstract
- Das Wissen, das sich die Menschen zu einer bestimmten Zeit erworben haben glauben, wird weiterhin mit Hilfe der natürlichen Sprache festgehalten ("kodifiziert") und weitervermittelt. Zu diesem in natürlich-sprachlichen Äußerungen kodifizierten Wissen hat man jedoch mit einem Computer kaum direkten Zugang. Zwar bemüht man sich seit vielen Jahren mit zum Teil erheblichem Aufwand um beispielsweise automatische Informationserschließung, maschinelle Sprachübersetzung und Mensch-Maschine-Dialoge in natürlicher Sprache, aber die Ergebnisse sind bescheiden. Verantwortlich für den in diesen Bereichen vergleichsweise geringen Erfolg sind verschiedene Eigenschaften der natürlichen Sprachen, die - im Gegensatz zu formalen Sprachen (wie Programmiersprachen, gängige logische Sprachen) - die maschinelle Informationserschließung erschweren
-
Sowa, J.F.: Top-level ontological categories (1995)
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- Source
- International journal of human-computer studies. 43(1995) nos.5/6, S.669-685
-
Guarino, N.: Formal ontology, conceptual analysis and knowledge representation (1995)
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- Source
- International journal of human-computer studies. 43(1995) nos.5/6, S.625-640
-
Sowa, J.F.: Ontology, metadata, and semiotics (2000)
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- Abstract
- The Internet is a giant semiotic system. It is a massive collection of Peirce's three kinds of signs: icons, which show the form of something; indices, which point to something; and symbols, which represent something according to some convention. But current proposals for ontologies and metadata have overlooked some of the most important features of signs. A sign has three aspects: it is (1) an entity that represents (2) another entity to (3) an agent. By looking only at the signs themselves, some metadata proposals have lost sight of the entities they represent and the agents - human, animal, or robot - which interpret them. With its three branches of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, semiotics provides guidelines for organizing and using signs to represent something to someone for some purpose. Besides representation, semiotics also supports methods for translating patterns of signs intended for one purpose to other patterns intended for different but related purposes. This article shows how the fundamental semiotic primitives are represented in semantically equivalent notations for logic, including controlled natural languages and various computer languages
- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science; vol.1867: Lecture notes on artificial intelligence
-
Harras, G.: Concepts in linguistics : concepts in natural language (2000)
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- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science; vol.1867: Lecture notes on artificial intelligence
-
Dahlberg, I.: ¬Die gegenstandsbezogene, analytische Begriffstheorie und ihre Definitionsarten (1987)
0.01
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- Pages
- S.9-22
-
Garcia Marco, F.J.; Esteban Navarro, M.A.: On some contributions of the cognitive sciences and epistemology to a theory of classification (1993)
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- Abstract
- Intended is first of all a preliminary review of the implications that the new approaches to the theory of classification, mainly from cognitive psychology and epistemology may have for information work and research. As a secondary topic the scientific relations existing among information science, epistemology and the cognitive sciences are discussed. Classification is seen as a central activity in all daily and scientific activities, and, of course, of knowledge organization in information services. There is a mutual implication between classification and conceptualization, as the former moves in a natural way to the latter and the best result elaborated for classification is the concept. Research in concept theory is a need for a theory of classification. In this direction it is of outstanding importance to integrate the achievements of 'natural concept formation theory' (NCFT) as an alternative approach to conceptualization different from the traditional one of logicians and problem solving researchers. In conclusion both approaches are seen as being complementary: the NCFT approach being closer to the user and the logical one being more suitable for experts, including 'expert systems'
-
Khoo, C.; Myaeng, S.H.: Identifying semantic relations in text for information retrieval and information extraction (2002)
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- Abstract
- Automatic identification of semantic relations in text is a difficult problem, but is important for many applications. It has been used for relation matching in information retrieval to retrieve documents that contain not only the concepts but also the relations between concepts specified in the user's query. It is an integral part of information extraction-extracting from natural language text, facts or pieces of information related to a particular event or topic. Other potential applications are in the construction of relational thesauri (semantic networks of related concepts) and other kinds of knowledge bases, and in natural language processing applications such as machine translation and computer comprehension of text. This chapter examines the main methods used for identifying semantic relations automatically and their application in information retrieval and information extraction.
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Wüster, E.: Begriffs- und Themaklassifikation : Unterschiede in ihrem Wesen und in ihrer Anwendung (1971)
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- Source
- Nachrichten für Dokumentation. 22(1971) H.3, S.98-104 (T.1); H.4, S.143-150 (T.2)
