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Content

An information view of history -- Organs of the human brain, created by the human hand : toward an understanding of information technology -- Information society or cash nexus? : a study of the United States as a copyright haven -- As sharp as a pen : direct semantic ratification in oral, written, and electronic communication -- In the catalogue ye go for men : evaluation criteria for information retrieval systems -- Meta- and object-language for information retrieval research : proposal for a distinction -- Forms of labor in information systems -- W(h)ither information science?

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST. 56(2003) no.12, S.1360 (C.Tomer): "Humanizing Information Technology is a collection of essays that represent what are presumably Julian Warner's best efforts to understand the perpetually nascent discipline of information science and its relationship to information technology. It is clearly a formidable task. Warner succeeds occasionally in this endeavor; more often, he fails. Yet, it would be wrong to mark Humanizing Information Technology as a book not worth reading. On the contrary, though much fault was found and this review is far from positive, it was nevertheless a book well-worth reading. That Humanizing Information Technology succeeds at all is in some ways remarkable, because Warner's prose tends to be dense and graceless, and understanding his commentaries often relies an close readings of a wide array of sources, some of them familiar, many of them less so. The inaccessibility of Warner's prose is unfortunate; there is not a single idea in Humanizing Information Technology so complicated that it could not have been stated in a clear, straightforward manner. The failure to establish a clear, sufficiently füll context for the more obscure sources is an even more serious problem. Perhaps the most conspicuous example of this problem stems from the frequent examination of the concept of the "information society" and the related notion of information as an autonomous variable, each of them ideas drawn largely from Frank Webster's 1995 book, Theories of the Information Society. Several of Warner's essays contain passages in Humanizing Information Technology whose meaning and value are largely dependent an a familiarity with Webster's work. Yet, Warner never refers to Theories of the Information Society in more than cursory terms and never provides a context füll enough to understand the particular points of reference. Suffice it to say, Humanizing Information Technology is not a book for readers who lack patience or a thorough grounding in modern intellectual history. Warner's philosophical analyses, which frequently exhibit the meter, substance, and purpose of a carefully crafted comprehensive examination, are a large part of what is wrong with Humanizing Information Technology. Warner's successes come when he turns his attention away from Marxist scholasticism and toward historical events and trends. "Information Society or Cash Nexus?" the essay in which Warner compares the role of the United States as a "copyright haven" for most of the 19th century to modern China's similar status, is successful because it relies less an abstruse analysis and more an a sharply drawn comparison of the growth of two economies and parallel developments in the treatment of intellectual property. The essay establishes an illuminating context and cites historical precedents in the American experience suggesting that China's official positions toward intellectual property and related international conventions are likely to evolve and grow more mature as its economy expands and becomes more sophisticated. Similarly, the essay entitled "In the Catalogue Ye Go for Men" is effective because Warner comes dangerously close to pragmatism when he focuses an the possibility that aligning cataloging practice with the "paths and tracks" of discourse and its analysis may be the means by which to build more information systems that furnish a more direct basis for intellectual exploration.
Like Daniel Bell, the author of The Coming of Post-Industrial Society (1973), who used aspects of Marx's thinking as the basis for his social forecasting models, Warner uses Marxist thought as a tool for social and historical analysis. Unlike Bell, Warner's approach to Marx tends to be doctrinaire. As a result, "An Information View of History" and "Origins of the Human Brain," two of the essays in which Warner sets out to establish the connections between information science and information technology, are less successful. Warner argues, "the classic source for an understanding of technology as a human construction is Marx," and that "a Marxian perspective an information technology could be of high marginal Utility," noting additionally that with the exception of Norbert Wiener and John Desmond Bernal, "there has only been a limited penetration of Marxism into information science" (p. 9). But Warner's efforts to persuade the reader that these views are cogent never go beyond academic protocol. Nor does his support for the assertion that the second half of the 19th century was the critical period for innovation and diffusion of modern information technologies. The closing essay, "Whither Information Science?" is particularly disappointing, in part, because the preface and opening chapters of the book promised more than was delivered at the end. Warner asserts that the theoretical framework supporting information science is negligible, and that the discipline is limited even further by the fact that many of its members do not recognize or understand the effects of such a limitation. However cogent the charges may be, none of this is news. But the essay fails most notably because Warner does not have any new directions to offer, save that information scientists should pay closer artention to what is going an in allied disciplines. Moreover, he does not seem to understand that at its heart the "information revolution" is not about the machines, but about the growing legions of men and women who can and do write programming code to exert control over and find new uses for these devices. Nor does he seem to understand that information science, in the grip of what he terms a "quasi-global crisis," suffers grievously because it is a community situated not at the center but rather an the periphery of this revolution."

LCSH

Information society

Subject

Information society

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Abstract

The Future of Information Architecture examines issues surrounding why information is processed, stored and applied in the way that it has, since time immemorial. Contrary to the conventional wisdom held by many scholars in human history, the recurrent debate on the explanation of the most basic categories of information (eg space, time causation, quality, quantity) has been misconstrued, to the effect that there exists some deeper categories and principles behind these categories of information - with enormous implications for our understanding of reality in general. To understand this, the book is organised in to four main parts: Part I begins with the vital question concerning the role of information within the context of the larger theoretical debate in the literature. Part II provides a critical examination of the nature of data taxonomy from the main perspectives of culture, society, nature and the mind. Part III constructively invesitgates the world of information network from the main perspectives of culture, society, nature and the mind. Part IV proposes six main theses in the authors synthetic theory of information architecture, namely, (a) the first thesis on the simpleness-complicatedness principle, (b) the second thesis on the exactness-vagueness principle (c) the third thesis on the slowness-quickness principle (d) the fourth thesis on the order-chaos principle, (e) the fifth thesis on the symmetry-asymmetry principle, and (f) the sixth thesis on the post-human stage.

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Classification

006.7 22

Date

7. 3.2007 19:30:22

DDC

006.7 22

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Abstract

How do you find your way in an age of information overload? How can you filter streams of complex information to pull out only what you want? Why does it matter how information is structured when Google seems to magically bring up the right answer to your questions? What does it mean to be "findable" in this day and age? This eye-opening new book examines the convergence of information and connectivity. Written by Peter Morville, author of the groundbreakin Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, the book defines our current age as a state of unlimited findability. In other words, anyone can find anything at any time. Complete navigability. Morville discusses the Internet, GIS, and other network technologies that are coming together to make unlimited findability possible. He explores how the melding of these innovations impacts society, since Web access is now a standard requirement for successful people and businesses. But before he does that, Morville looks back at the history of wayfinding and human evolution, suggesting that our fear of being lost has driven us to create maps, charts, and now, the mobile Internet.

Footnote

Für wen wurde dieses Buch eigentlich geschrieben? Der Verlag, sonst für eher praktisch orientierte Computerbücher bekannt, ordnet es auf dem Umschlag den Bereichen "Marketing" sowie "Technology & Society" zu. Für letztere Zielgruppe ist es aber sicher weniger geeignet, da auch der gesellschaftliche Hintergrund zu dünn ist. So bleibt der Bereich Marketing oder doch eher die Zielgruppe derjenigen, die ohne fachbezogenes Studium in den Bereich Informationssysteme bzw. Informationsarchitektur "hineingeschlittert" sind. Für diese mag auch das Kapitel über "Information Interaction" (bedingt) geeignet sein, bietet es doch zumindest einen gut lesbaren Einblick in einige zentrale Punkte. Das vierte Kapitel ("Intertwingled") beschreibt den Zugriff auf Informationen mittels verschiedener Erdgeräte in unterschiedlichen Kontexten. Es geht hier neben neuen Ansätzen des Wegefindens, um lokalisierbare Objekte und Kleidung, in die Informationstechnologie mit eingebaut ist. Dabei handelt es sich um einen guten (und vor allem beispielreichen) Überblick der aufkommenden Technologien. Kapitel s behandelt die Integration von Push- und PullAnsätzen, wobei die zentrale Aussage lautet, dass beide Ansätze immer mehr zusammenwachsen und die Entscheidung für den einen oder den anderen Ansatz vom Nutzer spontan gemäß seinen Informationsbedürfnissen getroffen wird. In diesem Kapitel wird auch das Thema Personalisierung abgehandelt und auf die bei der Personalisierung entstehenden Probleme eingegangen. Lange Zeit wurde Personalisierung schlicht als ein Verfahren gesehen, aus einmal erfassten Nutzerdaten Empfehlungen abzuleiten. Dass dies nicht problemlos möglich ist, erläutert Morville an einigen Punkten. Etwas bedauerlich ist hier, dass die Erläuterungen sehr knapp gehalten sind. Gerade zu diesem interessanten Thema hätte man gerne mehr Details erfahren.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.2, S.215-216 (A. Heath): "What is small, thoroughly organized, and easy to understand? Well, it's Heting Chu's latest book an information retrieval. A very welcome release, this small literary addition to the field (only 248 pages) contains a concise and weIl-organized discussion of every major topic in information retrieval. The often-complex field of information retrieval is presented from its origin in the early 1950s to the present day. The organization of this text is top-notch, thus making this an easy read for even the novice. Unlike other titles in this area, Chu's user-friendly style of writing is done an purpose to properly introduce newcomers to the field in a less intimidating way. As stated by the author in the Preface, the purpose of the book is to "present a systematic, thorough yet nontechnical view of the field by using plain language to explain complex subjects." Chu has definitely struck up the right combination of ingredients. In a field so broad and complex, a well-organized presentation of topics that don't trip an themselves is essential. The use of plain language where possible is also a good choice for this topic because it allows one to absorb topics that are, by nature, not as easy to grasp. For instance, Chapters 6 and 7, which cover retrieval approaches and techniques, an often painstaking topic for many students and teachers is deftly handled with the use of tables that can be used to compare and contrast the various models discussed. I particularly loved Chu's use of Koll's 2000 article from the Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science to explain subject searching at the beginning of Chapter 6, which discusses the differences between browsing and searching. The Koll article uses the task of finding a needle in a haystack as an analogy.