Search (10 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Traces the history and development of cognitive research techniques in information science and surveys current research that relies on the cognitive aspect. Examines information systems that make use of the insights of cognitive research, including experimental and proposed systems. Examples include systems that are designed to make appropriate demands on user cognitive processing. Points out that cognitive research in information science has focused primarily on users of information systems and to a lesser extent on information intermediaries. Design initiatives deriving from this research have been directed toward developing information technology that can adapt to the knowledge abilities, and styles of individual users and that make efficient use of the knowledge base and cognitive process of groups of users

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Abstract

Individual differences between users of information systems can influence search performance. In user-centered design it is important to match users with system configurations that will optimize their performance. 2 matching strategies were explored in the first experiment: the capitalization match, and the compensatory match. Findings suggest that a compensatory match is likely to be encountered more frequently in designing information systems. Having determined an optimal match between users and systems configurations, it is necessary to find ways to ensure that users are guided to the appropriate configuration. The second experiment examined user selection of system configurations, and concluded that users do not act to optimize system configuration when they select features. This result suggests that information systems must have mechanisms such as user models to direct users to optimal configurations. These experiments suggest some of the complexities and problems encountered in applying individual differences research to user-centered design of information systems

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Abstract

Tests the logical reasoning ability of end users of a CD-ROM index and assesses associations between different levels of this ability and aspects of retrieval performance. Users' selection of vocabulary and their selection of citations for further examination are both influenced by this ability. The designs of information systems should address the effects of logical reasoning on search behaviour. People with lower levels of logical reasoning ability may experience difficulty using systems in which user selectivity plays an important role. Other systems, such as those with ranked output, may decrease the need for users to make selections and would be easier to use for people with lower levels of logical reasoning ability

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Abstract

An overview of levels and approaches in the evalution of knowledge-based systems is presented. There is a need for empirical studies using objective criteria in advance of completing the technical evaluation of such systems. A methodology for this type of evaluation developed for a particular knowledge-based indexing system is presented. It is suggested that the proposed study may serve as a model for the design of any evaluation in which the results of existing intellectual procedures are compared with results achieved when these procedures are aided by use of an appropriate expert system

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Abstract

1 characteristic that may affect the way users interest with information systems is the way they organise their knowledge of the topic to be searched. An experiment was conducted to determine the extent and nature of this effect. Subjects who were given different advance organisers read texts and responded to questions about the topics in the texts. These questions were presented in an information retrieval context, on simulated pre-search forms. It was found that different organising structures affected responses to questions in 1 topic of the 3 that were investigated. This demonstrates a complex interaction between the topic of the search, the organising structure employed by users, and questions asked by intermediaries. Because the way users organise their knowledge has an impact on their interaction with information systems, these organising structures may be candidates for inclusion in cognitive models of users

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Abstract

"Librarians should be careful to distinguish between their own abilities and those of their patrons when designing information systems, bibliographic instruction programs, and similar library services. The abilities of professionals may lead to preferences for sophisticated interfaces, complex instructional programs, or services that assumehigh levels of cognitive abilities, while their library patrons may find browse interfaces, simple point-of-need instruction, and basic services to be more appropriate to their levels of cognitive abilities

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Abstract

Considers 4 approaches that have been idetified for studying information needs: cognitive; social; social cognition; and organizational; using a problem solving model. Identifies individual and situational variables that influence how individuals and groups experience information needs and shows how research into the information needs of users and the design of user centred information systems and services can be guided by an integrated understanding of how individual and situational variables affect normal behaviour

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Abstract

This research investigated the ways in which different levels of knowledge about a topic can affect searching for information on that topic in a library online catalog. It was found that people with high levels of knowledge use more search expressions, including more general and nonproductive expressions, than low-knowledge users. It was also found that high-knowledge users employed more search expressions that had not been contained in their statements of information need than low-knowledge users. These differences in vocabulary use and search expression formulation may be of interest to designers of online catalogs as they attempt to increase the responsiveness of catalog systems to the needs of individual users

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Abstract

Two experiments were undertaken to determine how cognitive abilities of users of information systems and specific design features that might be implemented in information technology combine to create system usabiblity. In one case, an interaction was found to combine with system characteristics in a non-uniform manner. The existence of this interaction between user characteristics and system features is interpreted as an opportunity for incorporating user-selectable options in an information retrieval system. In the other case, there was no interaction between perceptual speed and the way index terms were presented in browsable displays. This suggests that user characteristics and system features combined uniformly to create system usability. This uniformity is interpreted as indicating that information system designers have a relatively simple choice between forms of browsable displays

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Abstract

Users' individual differences and tasks are important factors that influence the use of information systems. Two independent investigations were conducted to study the impact of differences in users' cognition and search tasks on Web search activities and outcomes. Strong task effects were found on search activities and outcomes, whereas interactions between cognitive and task variables were found on search activities only. These results imply that the flexibility of the Web and Web search engines allows different users to complete different search tasks successfully. However, the search techniques used and the efficiency of the searches appear to depend on how well the individual searcher fits with the specific task