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  • × author_ss:"Tudhope, D."
  1. Tudhope, D.; Hodge, G.: Terminology registries (2007) 0.07 
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    Content
    Präsentation während der Veranstaltung "Networked Knowledge Organization Systems and Services: The 6th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop, Workshop at the 11th ECDL Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 21st 2007".
    Date
    26.12.2011 13:22:07
  2. Golub, K.; Tudhope, D.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Terminology registries for knowledge organization systems : functionality, use, and attributes (2014) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Terminology registries (TRs) are a crucial element of the infrastructure required for resource discovery services, digital libraries, Linked Data, and semantic interoperability generally. They can make the content of knowledge organization systems (KOS) available both for human and machine access. The paper describes the attributes and functionality for a TR, based on a review of published literature, existing TRs, and a survey of experts. A domain model based on user tasks is constructed and a set of core metadata elements for use in TRs is proposed. Ideally, the TR should allow searching as well as browsing for a KOS, matching a user's search while also providing information about existing terminology services, accessible to both humans and machines. The issues surrounding metadata for KOS are also discussed, together with the rationale for different aspects and the importance of a core set of KOS metadata for future machine-based access; a possible core set of metadata elements is proposed. This is dealt with in terms of practical experience and in relation to the Dublin Core Application Profile.
    Date
    22. 8.2014 17:12:54
  3. Tudhope, D.: Knowledge Organization System Services : brief review of NKOS activities and possibility of KOS registries (2007) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 9.2007 15:41:14
  4. Souza, R.R.; Tudhope, D.; Almeida, M.B.: ¬The KOS spectra : a tentative typology of knowledge organization systems (2010) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    This work tries to propose a set of evaluation dimensions for the analysis of the knowledge organization systems (KOS), building over previous research and the available literature on the subject. It presents a compiled taxonomy of KOSs, a set of tentative characteristics proposed in the literature and the authors' spectra proposal. The full details of the typology are not covered in the scope of the article, but will be available as an ontology in the near future.
    Source
    Paradigms and conceptual systems in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the Eleventh International ISKO Conference, 23-26 February 2010 Rome, Italy. Edited by Claudio Gnoli and Fulvio Mazzocchi
  5. Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.: KOS at your service : Programmatic access to knowledge organisation systems (2004) 0.02 
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  6. Tudhope, D.: New Applications of Knowledge Organization Systems : introduction to a special issue (2004) 0.02 
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  7. Tudhope, D.; Nielsen, M.L.: Introduction to knowledge organization systems and services (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In a very real sense, this special issue on Knowledge Organization Systems and Services is concerned with new applications, new contexts and new twists of old themes and problems. We are concerned with diverse attempts to apply the outcomes of much work over the years in artificial subject languages and their intellectual structures to facilitate access to digital information in various settings. This issue has its origins in NKOS workshops, held over the last two years in Bath, Vienna, Madrid and Denver, although the majority of contributions resulted from an open call for papers, disseminated in October 2005. NKOS (http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/) is an informal network whose general aim is to enable knowledge organization systems (KOS) to act as networked information services (both machine-to-machine and human facing), supporting the description and retrieval of information resources on the Internet. Since 1997, there has been an NKOS workshop each year, at either the JCDL or ECDL conference (2005 saw an NKOS workshop at both conferences and also at Dublin Core). Previous NKOS-related special issues have appeared in the online Journal of Digital Information in 2001 and 2004 (Hill and Koch 2001, Tudhope and Koch 2004).
    Content
    Einleitung in ein Themenheft "Knowledge organization systems and services"
  8. Blocks, D.; Cunliffe, D.; Tudhope, D.: ¬A reference model for user-system interaction in thesaurus-based searching (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The authors present a model of information searching in thesaurus-enhanced search systems, intended as a reference model for system developers. The model focuses on user-system interaction and charts the specific stages of searching an indexed collection with a thesaurus. It was developed based on literature, findings from empirical studies, and analysis of existing systems. The model describes in detail the entities, processes, and decisions when interacting with a search system augmented with a thesaurus. A basic search scenario illustrates this process through the model. Graphical and textual depictions of the model are complemented by a concise matrix representation for evaluation purposes. Potential problems at different stages of the search process are discussed, together with possibilities for system developers. The aim is to set out a framework of processes, decisions, and risks involved in thesaurus-based search, within which system developers can consider potential avenues for support.
  9. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.: Faceted thesauri (2008) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The basic elements of faceted thesauri are described, together with a review of their origins and some prominent examples. Their use in browsing and searching applications is discussed. Faceted thesauri are distinguished from faceted classification schemes, while acknowledging the close similarities. The paper concludes by comparing faceted thesauri and related knowledge organization systems to ontologies and discussing appropriate areas of use.
  10. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.; Blocks, D.; Cuncliffe, D.: Representation and retrieval in faceted systems (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper discusses two inter-related themes: the retrieval potential of faceted thesauri and XML representations of fundamental facets. Initial findings are discussed from the ongoing 'FACET' project, in collaboration with the National Museum of Science and Industry. The work discussed seeks to take advantage of the structure afforded by faceted systems for multi-term queries and flexible matching, focusing in this paper an the Art and Architecture Thesaurus. A multi-term matching function yields ranked results with partial matches via semantic term expansion, based an a measure of distance over the semantic index space formed by thesaurus relationships. Our intention is to drive the system from general representations and a common query structure and interface. To this end, we are developing an XML representation based an work by the Classification Research Group an fundamental facets or categories. The XML representation maps categories to particular thesauri and hierarchies. The system interface, which is configured by the mapping, incorporates a thesaurus browser with navigation history together with a term search facility and drag and drop query builder.
  11. Tudhope, D.: Virtual architecture based on a binary relational model : a museum hypermedia application (1994) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Reviews claims made for virtual architectures and proposes a semantic data model for hypermedia architecture. Semantic modelling and an extended binary relational model in particular, are outlined in the context of hypermedia. The binary relational store is a simple, uniform data structure, capable of representing abstraction in the application model. Pilot implementations of museum hypermedia systems demonstrate that the architecture is capable of supporting a variety of navigation techniques and authoring tools. Outlines the SHIC (Social History and Industrial Classification) museum classification schema, and discusses its implementation in a hypermedia system based on a binary relational store. Considers experiences with the prototypes and discusses feedback from the museum profession and general public. An extended binary relational model is particularly suited to certain forms of reasoning based on generalization
  12. Jones, I.; Cunliffe, D.; Tudhope, D.: Natural language processing and knowledge organization systems as an aid to retrieval (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper discusses research that employs methods from Natural Language Processing (NLP) in exploiting the intellectual resources of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS), particularly in the retrieval of information. A technique for the disambiguation of homographs and nominal compounds in free text, where these are known ambiguous terms in the KOS itself, is described. The use of Roget's Thesaurus as an intermediary in the process is also reported. A short review of the relevant literature in the field is given. Design considerations, results and conclusions are presented from the implementation of a prototype system. The linguistic techniques are applied at two complementary levels, namely an a free text string used as an entry point to the KOS, and an the underlying controlled vocabulary itself.
    Content
    1. Introduction The need for research into the application of linguistic techniques in Information Retrieval (IR) in general, and a similar need in faceted Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) has been indicated by various authors. Smeaton (1997) points out the inherent limitations of conventional approaches to IR based an "bags of words", mainly difficulties caused by lexical ambiguity in the words concerned, and goes an to suggest the possibility of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) in query formulation. Past experience with a faceted retrieval system highlighted the need for integrating the linguistic perspective in order to fully utilise the potential of a KOS (Tudhope et al." 2002). The present research seeks to address some of these needs in using NLP to improve the efficacy of KOS tools in query and retrieval systems. Syntactic parsing and part-of-speech tagging can substantially reduce lexical ambiguity through homograph disambiguation. Given the two strings "1 fable the motion" and "I put the motion an the fable", for instance, the parser used in this research clearly indicates that 'fable' in the first string is a verb, while 'table' in the second string is a noun, a distinction that would be missed in the "bag of words" approach. This syntactic disambiguation enables a more precise matching from free text to the controlled vocabulary of a KOS and vice versa. The use of a general linguistic resource, namely Roget's Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases (RTEWP), as an intermediary in this process, is investigated. The adaptation of the Link parser (Sleator & Temperley, 1993) to the purposes of the research is reported. The design and implementation of the early practical stages of the project are described, and the results of the initial experiments are presented and evaluated. Applications of the techniques developed are foreseen in the areas of query disambiguation, information retrieval and automatic indexing. In the first section of the paper a brief review of the literature and relevant current work in the field is presented. The second section includes reports an the development of algorithms, the construction of data sets and theoretical and experimental work undertaken to date. The third section evaluates the results obtained, and outlines directions for future research.
  13. Souza, R.R.; Tudhope, D.; Almeida, M.B.: Towards a taxonomy of KOS (2012) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper analyzes previous work on the classification of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS), discusses strengths and weaknesses, and proposes a new and integrative framework. It argues that current analyses of the KOS tend to be idiosyncratic and incomplete, relying on a limited number of dimensions of analysis. The paper discusses why and how KOS should be classified on a new basis. Based on the available literature and previous work, the authors propose a wider set of dimensions for the analysis of KOS. These are represented in a taxonomy of KOS. Issues arising are discussed.
  14. Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.: Integrating faceted structure into the search process (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The nature of search requirements is perceived to be changing, fuelled by a growing dissatisfaction with the marginal accuracy and often overwhelming quantity of results from simple keyword matching techniques. Traditional search interfaces fail to acknowledge and utilise the implicit underlying structure present within a typical keyword query. Faceted structure can (and should) perform a significant role in this area - acting as the basis for mediation between searcher and indexer, and guiding query formulation and reformulation by interactively educating the user about the native domain. This paper discusses the possible benefits of applying faceted knowledge organization systems to enhance query structure, query visualisation and the overall query process, drawing an the outcomes of a recently completed research project.
  15. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.: Toward terminology services : experiences with a pilot Web service thesaurus browser (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Dublin Core recommends controlled terminology for the subject of a resource. Knowledge organization systems (KOS), such as classifications, gazetteers, taxonomies and thesauri, provide controlled vocabularies that organize and structure concepts for indexing, classifying, browsing and search. For example, a thesaurus employs a set of standard semantic relationships (ISO 2788, ISO 5964), and major thesauri have a large entry vocabulary of terms considered equivalent for retrieval purposes. Many KOS have been made available for Web-based access. However, they are often not fully integrated into indexing and search systems and the full potential for networked and programmatic access remains untapped. The lack of standardized access and interchange formats impedes wider use of KOS resources. We developed a Web demonstrator (www.comp.glam.ac.uk/~FACET/webdemo/) for the FACET project (www.comp.glam.ac.uk/~facet/facetproject.html) that explored thesaurus-based query expansion with the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus. A Web demonstrator was implemented via Active Server Pages (ASP) with server-side scripting and compiled server-side components for database access, and cascading style sheets for presentation. The browser-based interactive interface permits dynamic control of query term expansion. However, being based on a custom thesaurus representation and API, the techniques cannot be applied directly to thesauri in other formats on the Web. General programmatic access requires commonly agreed protocols, for example, building on Web and Grid services. The development of common KOS representation formats and service protocols are closely linked. Linda Hill and colleagues argued in 2002 for a general KOS service protocol from which protocols for specific types of KOS can be derived. Thus, in the future, a combination of thesaurus and query protocols might permit a thesaurus to be used with a choice of search tools on various kinds of databases. Service-oriented architectures bring an opportunity for moving toward a clearer separation of interface components from the underlying data sources. In our view, basing distributed protocol services on the atomic elements of thesaurus data structures and relationships is not necessarily the best approach because client operations that require multiple client-server calls would carry too much overhead. This would limit the interfaces that could be offered by applications following such a protocol. Advanced interactive interfaces require protocols that group primitive thesaurus data elements (via their relationships) into composites to achieve reasonable response.
  16. Tudhope, D.; Blocks, D.; Cunliffe, D.; Binding, C.: Query expansion via conceptual distance in thesaurus indexed collections (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore query expansion via conceptual distance in thesaurus indexed collections Design/methodology/approach - An extract of the National Museum of Science and Industry's collections database, indexed with the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), was the dataset for the research. The system architecture and algorithms for semantic closeness and the matching function are outlined. Standalone and web interfaces are described and formative qualitative user studies are discussed. One user session is discussed in detail, together with a scenario based on a related public inquiry. Findings are set in context of the literature on thesaurus-based query expansion. This paper discusses the potential of query expansion techniques using the semantic relationships in a faceted thesaurus. Findings - Thesaurus-assisted retrieval systems have potential for multi-concept descriptors, permitting very precise queries and indexing. However, indexer and searcher may differ in terminology judgments and there may not be any exactly matching results. The integration of semantic closeness in the matching function permits ranked results for multi-concept queries in thesaurus-indexed applications. An in-memory representation of the thesaurus semantic network allows a combination of automatic and interactive control of expansion and control of expansion on individual query terms. Originality/value - The application of semantic expansion to browsing may be useful in interface options where thesaurus structure is hidden.
  17. Matthews, B.; Jones, C.; Puzon, B.; Moon, J.; Tudhope, D.; Golub, K.; Nielsen, M.L.: ¬An evaluation of enhancing social tagging with a knowledge organization system (2010) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - Traditional subject indexing and classification are considered infeasible in many digital collections. This paper seeks to investigate ways of enhancing social tagging via knowledge organization systems, with a view to improving the quality of tags for increased information discovery and retrieval performance. Design/methodology/approach - Enhanced tagging interfaces were developed for exemplar online repositories, and trials were undertaken with author and reader groups to evaluate the effectiveness of tagging augmented with control vocabulary for subject indexing of papers in online repositories. Findings - The results showed that using a knowledge organisation system to augment tagging does appear to increase the effectiveness of non-specialist users (that is, without information science training) in subject indexing. Research limitations/implications - While limited by the size and scope of the trials undertaken, these results do point to the usefulness of a mixed approach in supporting the subject indexing of online resources. Originality/value - The value of this work is as a guide to future developments in the practical support for resource indexing in online repositories.
  18. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.: Mapping between linked data vocabularies in ARIADNE (2015) 0.01 
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    Content
    Vortrag anlässlich: 14th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop, TPDL 2015 Conference in Poznan, Poland, Friday 18th September 2015.
  19. Vlachidis, A.; Tudhope, D.: ¬A knowledge-based approach to information extraction for semantic interoperability in the archaeology domain (2016) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The article presents a method for automatic semantic indexing of archaeological grey-literature reports using empirical (rule-based) Information Extraction techniques in combination with domain-specific knowledge organization systems. The semantic annotation system (OPTIMA) performs the tasks of Named Entity Recognition, Relation Extraction, Negation Detection, and Word-Sense Disambiguation using hand-crafted rules and terminological resources for associating contextual abstractions with classes of the standard ontology CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) for cultural heritage and its archaeological extension, CRM-EH. Relation Extraction (RE) performance benefits from a syntactic-based definition of RE patterns derived from domain oriented corpus analysis. The evaluation also shows clear benefit in the use of assistive natural language processing (NLP) modules relating to Word-Sense Disambiguation, Negation Detection, and Noun Phrase Validation, together with controlled thesaurus expansion. The semantic indexing results demonstrate the capacity of rule-based Information Extraction techniques to deliver interoperable semantic abstractions (semantic annotations) with respect to the CIDOC CRM and archaeological thesauri. Major contributions include recognition of relevant entities using shallow parsing NLP techniques driven by a complimentary use of ontological and terminological domain resources and empirical derivation of context-driven RE rules for the recognition of semantic relationships from phrases of unstructured text.
  20. Golub, K.; Soergel, D.; Buchanan, G.; Tudhope, D.; Lykke, M.; Hiom, D.: ¬A framework for evaluating automatic indexing or classification in the context of retrieval (2016) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Tools for automatic subject assignment help deal with scale and sustainability in creating and enriching metadata, establishing more connections across and between resources and enhancing consistency. Although some software vendors and experimental researchers claim the tools can replace manual subject indexing, hard scientific evidence of their performance in operating information environments is scarce. A major reason for this is that research is usually conducted in laboratory conditions, excluding the complexities of real-life systems and situations. The article reviews and discusses issues with existing evaluation approaches such as problems of aboutness and relevance assessments, implying the need to use more than a single "gold standard" method when evaluating indexing and retrieval, and proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework. The framework is informed by a systematic review of the literature on evaluation approaches: evaluating indexing quality directly through assessment by an evaluator or through comparison with a gold standard, evaluating the quality of computer-assisted indexing directly in the context of an indexing workflow, and evaluating indexing quality indirectly through analyzing retrieval performance.

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