Search (60 results, page 3 of 3)

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Abstract

In the frame of an issue of the Documentaliste devoted to the history of information science in France, the author of this article looks at the development of the two main families of information languages, hierarchical and analytical ones and attempts to discern how and how much this evolution has been influenced by the elements of information searching systems, literature, indexers, designers, users, searching techniques and indexing techniques

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Abstract

Discusses the characteristics and functions of the textual database management program DB/TextWorks 2.0 of Inmagic Inc. Operating on a PC microcomputer in a Windows environment (stand alone or network), it combines the advantages of full text retrieval systems and the flexibility of databases. Presents an evaluation of the program and examines its use in libraries with the DB/TextWorks Library guide kit which proposes database models conceived for various functions; acquisitions, cataloging, loans, OPAC, serials management, and interlibrary loan

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Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: A new approach of thinking about multimedia information systems centered upon the difference between conceptual and perceptible data

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Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Conception of information systems used in during an activity; methodology and formalization tools for the identification of information opportunities

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Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Making a model of the user based on his beliefs and aims in order to improve the effectivity of information systems

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Abstract

Coherence and precision in indexing definitely determines the degree of efficacy of an information system. With this in mind, as well as the long-term plan to develop systems for computer-assisted indexing, the Scientific and Technical Information Institute (INIST) is studying the processes of indexing and developing information languages. Describes some tools developed by INIST for use by indexers of its PASCAL data bank. Using a model of the various steps involved, INIST first created indexing tables by broad subject area that make it possible to identify the concepts treated in the documents. For each area, pre-indexing tables were then prepared in which the relevant terms are presented in an organized and structured manner so that they can be transcribed into the appropriate information language. These tables should be a fundamental step in knowledge base development

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Abstract

The history of civilisation is inextricably bound up with the development of methods of recording and transmitting individual experience to successive generations. Collective memory becomes possible because of the development firstly of writing, then of printing. Now, with new media and methods for storing and transmitting information, and new techniques for facilitating access, collective memory refers not only to the evidence of the past, but to the collective experience of individuals in the present: in electronic systems where texts are encoded and decoded by machines, the reader is not obliged to follow an apriori linear approach, but can navigate freely and evade the confines of the original structure

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Abstract

Until the 1980s, the handling of documentary information in business was usually split up among 4 unrelated independent departments: the library; archives; secretarial services; and reproduction/printing. The introduction of new technology allows the integration of these operations into a single system; comprising subsystems for: production of internal documents; acquisition and storage of external documents; information retrieval; archive creation and maintenance; and circulation of information between departments, based on local computer networks. In reality, not many businesses are making use of technology available to set up such integrated systems because of the lack of common standards for equipment and software, which makes internal and external communication unreliable. This problem may be resolved in the near future, as a result of discussions now in progress at international level.

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Abstract

In 10 years the network, SIBIL France, has proved the worth of automation absed on shared cataloguing for creating bibliographical data for university libraries. Set up as a pilot project at Montpellier in 1982-83, developed at the Lausanne cantonal and university library in Switzerland and exploited on the machines at the National and University of the South computing centre, the systems links more than 20 university and research libraries. Emphasizes its rapid growth and the importance of quality in the face of competition from the vast data stocks of OCLC and the Bibliothèque Nationale. SIBIL contemplates with serenity its integration with the university library system in 1998

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Abstract

Development of authority files and systems for retrieving authority records in France is ill-adapted to public library users but most problems could be resolved by greater collaboration between libraries, suppliers of bibliographic information and software producers. National Library (BNF) and Electre bibliographic records, for example, could modify their authority files and signal changes. Research could be facilitated by addition of supplementary simplified indexing allowing simultaneous access. Graphic tables of indexing structure would allow users to master indexing languages, and this technique couls also be used for creating author and author-title authority files. Such improvements would depend on establishing technical definitions and standards for software

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Abstract

Digital documents and Internet access are changing cataloguing practices. MARC formats can accomodate Internet documents by assigning a field for URL but quality control is vital, especially with multimedia catalogues, and new links have to be created. Heterogeneous distant resources can now be searches using the Z39.50 standard, thus enabling access to a wide range of diverse catalogues, and Internet formats are being used to create local systems (intranets). The librarian needs new skills to manipulate digital documents and use information technology tool but the mission is the same: to optimise access to the widest possible range of information

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Abstract

The encyclopedic indexing system RAMEAU is used in bibliographic records derived from BN-OPALE and Electre, the chief sources in France, and hence by an increasing number of libraries. Because it is designed to cover all subjects for all types of users, RAMEAU is complex, with numerous strict rules. This has led to criticism but if used systematically with appropriate software, it produces a high retrieval rate. The central principle is the distinction between authorities and subject headings, making it essential to create links between the two by including rejected and related terms. This is time consuming and produces better results than systems based on, for example, linguistic analysis

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Abstract

Report of the French Libraries Association study and research section study day, held in Grenoble in Oct 1997. Topics covered included precision / recall and linguistic compatibility between indexing and search languages; the history and develoment of the RAMEAU authorities list; using RAMEAU in special libraries; international cooperation; and applying RAMEAU in specific disciplines. Points emphasised were the need to train teaching staff in new technology since students are usually more expert; and the danger of indexers, through ignorance of user needs, creating over complex systems

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Abstract

RAMEAU, an encyclopedic authorities list, uses a precoordinated indexing language with precise and constricting syntax, which aims to standardise subject access. Based originally in 1986 on the National Library subject heading list, it is used in all French university libraries and in many other libraries in France and abroad. New terms are added in response to user proposals. In 2000 RAMEAU will be fused with the future university systems

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Abstract

RAMEAU, an encyclopedic authorities list widely used in France, is not suitable for special libraries because it takes account of indexer rather than end user needs, and is time consuming. Doc'INSA has developed its own alphabetical lexicon, based on that of PASCAL, the scientific and technical information database. This allows user to search using their own terminology and is quick and simple for indexers. Examples are given of both systems

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Abstract

The current trend of simplifying user access to documents in public libraries in France has led to strong criticism of the traditional use of decimal classification, and growing popularity for classifying by centres of interest. The notion of locating documents 'where the reader expects to find them' does not bear reasoned analysis: this approach depends on the subjective attitudes of the reader, whose preconceptions are unknown. Public libraries serve readers of all types, and therefore the classification used must be based on general objective criteria. Argues for the retension of traditional encyclopedic classifications (UDC or Dewey), which despite their drawbacks, are based on subject structures known to everyone, and allow for updating to accommodate new concepts. Classification can operate with visual labelling systems, to simplify access: this approach provides ready identification of centres of interest without discarding the real advantages of universality.

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Abstract

Over the last decade, the gap between North and South in relation to formats has increasingly limited development of international programmes such as UBC and UAP. At present the need to review formats in the light of network developments such as the Internet is urgent. Presentations covered the Web, limitations of traditional formats eg. MARC, Internet formats eg. Z39.50 and SGML, and multimedia formats, with examples of prototypes for converting traditional systems to international standards. The Internet has defined a new field of action for librarians. It is essential that developing countries share the experience of industrialised countries, with support from governments and collaboration from international organisations, in ensuring harmonious progress to universal compatibility

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Abstract

Describes the building of the Deutsche Bibliothek, inaugurated at Frankfurt on Main in May 1997. Its mission is to produce electronic documents from printed materials. It affers an online catalogue with a multimedia system and is accessible via the Internet. As a centre for national bibliography, it produces around 15 million records per year, both on and off-line. It comprises part of a network of European national libraries which aims to promote the creation of a European virtual library, the constitution of a depository library for digital documents and the definition of cataloguing standards for electronic documents. Access is compatible with systems used by other libraries and information centres. This programme permits the library to play an integrating role in ermany and to cooperate in international projects

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Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Knowledge organisation with a view to integration with representation systems and information retrieval

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Abstract

Since its appearance in the early 90's, the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) has provided universal access to knowledge and the world of information has been primarily witness to a great revolution (the digital revolution). It quickly became very popular, making it the largest and most comprehensive database and knowledge base thanks to the amount and diversity of data it contains. However, the considerable increase and evolution of these data raises important problems for users, in particular for accessing the documents most relevant to their search queries. In order to cope with this exponential explosion of data volume and facilitate their access by users, various models are offered by information retrieval systems (IRS) for the representation and retrieval of web documents. Traditional SRIs use simple keywords that are not semantically linked to index and retrieve these documents. This creates limitations in terms of the relevance and ease of exploration of results. To overcome these limitations, existing techniques enrich documents by integrating external keywords from different sources. However, these systems still suffer from limitations that are related to the exploitation techniques of these sources of enrichment. When the different sources are used so that they cannot be distinguished by the system, this limits the flexibility of the exploration models that can be applied to the results returned by this system. Users then feel lost to these results, and find themselves forced to filter them manually to select the relevant information. If they want to go further, they must reformulate and target their search queries even more until they reach the documents that best meet their expectations. In this way, even if the systems manage to find more relevant results, their presentation remains problematic. In order to target research to more user-specific information needs and improve the relevance and exploration of its research findings, advanced SRIs adopt different data personalization techniques that assume that current research of user is directly related to his profile and / or previous browsing / search experiences.
However, this assumption does not hold in all cases, the needs of the user evolve over time and can move away from his previous interests stored in his profile. In other cases, the user's profile may be misused to extract or infer new information needs. This problem is much more accentuated with ambiguous queries. When multiple POIs linked to a search query are identified in the user's profile, the system is unable to select the relevant data from that profile to respond to that request. This has a direct impact on the quality of the results provided to this user. In order to overcome some of these limitations, in this research thesis, we have been interested in the development of techniques aimed mainly at improving the relevance of the results of current SRIs and facilitating the exploration of major collections of documents. To do this, we propose a solution based on a new concept and model of indexing and information retrieval called multi-spaces projection. This proposal is based on the exploitation of different categories of semantic and social information that enrich the universe of document representation and search queries in several dimensions of interpretations. The originality of this representation is to be able to distinguish between the different interpretations used for the description and the search for documents. This gives a better visibility on the results returned and helps to provide a greater flexibility of search and exploration, giving the user the ability to navigate one or more views of data that interest him the most. In addition, the proposed multidimensional representation universes for document description and search query interpretation help to improve the relevance of the user's results by providing a diversity of research / exploration that helps meet his diverse needs and those of other different users. This study exploits different aspects that are related to the personalized search and aims to solve the problems caused by the evolution of the information needs of the user. Thus, when the profile of this user is used by our system, a technique is proposed and used to identify the interests most representative of his current needs in his profile. This technique is based on the combination of three influential factors, including the contextual, frequency and temporal factor of the data. The ability of users to interact, exchange ideas and opinions, and form social networks on the Web, has led systems to focus on the types of interactions these users have at the level of interaction between them as well as their social roles in the system. This social information is discussed and integrated into this research work. The impact and how they are integrated into the IR process are studied to improve the relevance of the results.