Search (12 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

The design and development of web-based educational systems for people with special abilities have recently attracted the attention of the research community. However, although a number of systems that claim to meet accessibility needs and preferences are proposed, most of them are typically supported by hypermedia and multimedia educational content that is specially designed for the user targeted group. Such approaches prevent their user groups (both learners and their tutors) from accessing other available resources. Therefore, it is important to be able to built generic e-learning systems that would allow the reuse of existing learning resources in different accessibility demanding applications. To this end, in this article we propose a methodology for defining an accessibility application profile that captures the accessibility properties of learning objects in a standard form and we examine its application to the IEEE Learning Object Metadata (LOM) standard.

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Abstract

There has been an increased growth in the use of hypermedia to deliver learning and teaching material. However, much remains to be learned about how different learners perceive such systems. Therefore, it is essential to build robust learning models to illustrate how hypermedia features are experienced by different learners. Research into individual differences suggests cognitive styles have a significant effect on student learning in hypermedia systems. In particular, Witkin's Field Dependence has been extensively examined in previous studies. This article reviews the published findings from empirical studies of hypermedia learning. Specifically, the review classifies the research into five themes: nonlinear learning, learner control, navigation in hyperspace, matching and mismatching, and learning effectiveness. A learning model, developed from an analysis of findings of the previous studies, is presented. Finally, implications for the design of hypermedia learning systems are discussed

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Abstract

Most existing hypermedia authoring systems are intended for use on desktop computers. These systems are typically designed for the creation of 2D documents and therefore employ 2D authoring mechanisms. In contrast, authoring systems for nontraditional multimedia/hypermedia experiences for 3D virtual or augmented worlds focus mainly on creating separate media objects and embedding them within the user's surroundings. As a result, linking these media objects to create 3D hypermedia is a tedious manual task. To address this issue, we present an authoring tool for creating and editing linked 3D hypermedia narratives that are interwoven with a wearable computer user's surrounding environment. Our system is designed for use by authors who are not programmers, and allows them to preview their results on a desktop workstation, as well as with an augmented or virtual reality system.

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Abstract

Currently, adaptive educational hypermedia systems (AEHSs) are described using nonuniform methods, depending on the specific view of the system, the application, or other parameters. There is no common language for expressing the functionality of AEHSs, hence these systems are difficult to compare and analyze. In this paper we investigate how a logical description can be employed to characterize adaptive educational hypermedia. We propose a definition of AEHSs based on first-order logic, characterize some AEHSs resulting from this formalism, and discuss the applicability of this approach.

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Abstract

The present study adopts an interpretive and situated approach to observe and assess learners' problem solving using hypermedia. The evaluation is conducted in context by considering the use of Perseus in particular learning situations. The study reflects on the design and use of hypermedia learning systems from both the learners' and researcher's perspective. The characteristics of Perseus are discussed together with some design recommendations for future consideration. Drawing from the study, conclusions are set out that highlight some implications for designers. It should be noted that the list of suggested features is not meant to be either definitive or exhaustive. The list is indicative of which design considerations should be addressed to improve Perseus hypermedia learning systems in the future. The researcher hopes that the findings of the study can help designers develop and refine better intellectual tools with which to augment learners' performance

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Abstract

Fast, effective, and adaptable techniques are needed to automatically organize and retrieve information an the ever-increasing World Wide Web. In that respect, different strategies have been suggested to take hypertext links into account. For example, hyperlinks have been used to (1) enhance document representation, (2) improve document ranking by propagating document score, (3) provide an indicator of popularity, and (4) find hubs and authorities for a given topic. Although the TREC experiments have not demonstrated the usefulness of hyperlinks for retrieval, the hypertext structure is nevertheless an essential aspect of the Web, and as such, should not be ignored. The development of abstract models of the IR task was a key factor to the improvement of search engines. However, at this time conceptual tools for modeling the hypertext retrieval task are lacking, making it difficult to compare, improve, and reason an the existing techniques. This article proposes a general model for using hyperlinks based an Probabilistic Argumentation Systems, in which each of the above-mentioned techniques can be stated. This model will allow to discover some inconsistencies in the mentioned techniques, and to take a higher level and systematic approach for using hyperlinks for retrieval.

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Date

22. 3.2009 12:51:47

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Date

12. 8.2012 18:05:22

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Abstract

The paradigm shift from the old system centered view to a user centered approach involves new tools needed for accessing library resources under the condition that the user's needs are taken into account. An end-user, who has only a little knowledge of classification systems or thesauri, understands little of the mode of the representation of contents and the use of authority lists. In addition, he will have difficulty in formulating his question in a precise manner. He needs to know better what the library proposes in order to define of what use it would be for him. Many studies have been carried out on the use of controlled vocabularies (classification, authority lists, thesauri) as searching devices. It is surprising to find that relatively little attention has been given to the role of these tools in filtering and browsing processes. We have developed a prototype named CATHIE (CATalog Hypertextuel Interactif et Enrichi) that supports such filtering and interactive reformulation features

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Content

This article reports an applied research on the construction and implementation of a semantically structured conceptual prototype to help in the organization and representation of human knowledge in hypertextual systems, based on four references: the Facet Analysis Theory (FAT), the Conceptual Map Theory, semantic structure of hypertext links and the technical guidelines of the Associacao Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT). This prototype, called Modelo Hipertextual para Organizacao de Documentos (MHTX) - Model For Hypertext Organization of Documents HTXM - is formed by a semantic structure called Conceptual Map (CM) and Expanded Summary (ES), the latter based on the summary of a selected doctoral thesis to which access points were designed. In the future, this prototype maybe used to implement a digital libraty called BTDECI - UFMG (Biblioteca de Teses e Dissertacöes do Programa de Pós-Graduacao da Escola de Ciência da Informacao da UFMG - Library of Theses and Dissertations of the Graduate Program of School of Information Science of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais).

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Content

- Forschungsdebatten - Die Vorteile dieses Systems vor dem Web liegen auf der Hand: Alle Urheberrechte sind grundsätzlich und zugunsten der tatsächlichen Autoren geregelt, auch im Falle der Belletristik, die in der Regel nur konsumiert wird. Darüber hinaus profitierte die wissenschaftliche Arbeit von der Möglichkeit, Texte zu kommentieren oder vorhandene Argumentationen zitierend in die eigene Darstellung aufzunehmen. Forschungsdebatten sind jederzeit an jeder Stelle möglich - und zugänglich werden sie durch die Funktion, Änderungsanzeigen für bestimmte Knoten abonnieren, zu können. Damit wird es einem Autor möglich, auf eine Entgegnung zügig zu antworten. So können nicht nur einzelne Knoten, sondern ganze Knotennetze bearbeitet werden. Man kann also eine vorhandene Darstellung zustimmend übernehmen, aber die zwei, drei Zusatzpunkte hinzufügen, in denen die eigene Meinung vom Knotenstandard abweicht. Schließlich schafft ein System wie Xanadu mit Versionskontrolle und garantiertem Speicherplatz ein Dauerproblem des vorhandenen Webs mit seinen toten Links aus der Welt und erzeugt mit dem eingebauten Dokumentenvergleich ein Maximum an Übersicht.
- Technische Hürden - Bleibt die Frage, weshalb Xanadu mit seiner Vision, das Weltwissen one mouse-click away erreichbar zu machen - Nelson spricht gar von einem docuverse -, bislang so erfolglos blieb. Ernst zu nehmen sind zunächst die technischen Anforderungen, die Xanadu stellt. Sie beginnen bei einer Editorensoftware, die die Autorenkennungen- vorhandener und zitierter Dokumentknoten bewahrt. Dass diese Software am Ende weniger techniklastig ist als die heutigen HTML-Editoren, wie Nelson annimmt, darf bezweifelt werden. Hinzu kommen Anforderungen an Rechnersysteme und Verwaltungsaufgaben: Da Xanadu ein konsistentes Dokumentmanagement garantieren und Dokumente für den Notfall auch redundant auf mehreren Rechnern gleichzeitig vorhalten muss, wären die technischen und Managementherausforderungen für ein aus zig Milliarden Dokumenten bestehendes System beachtlich. Andere Gründe sind prinzipieller Art: Die Bereitschaft, für Inhalte auch nur mit kleinen Beiträgen zu zahlen, ist bei den meisten. Internetnutzern als recht gering anzusetzen. Anders ließe sich das Scheitern vieler Anbieter für Bezahlinhalte im bestehenden Web kaum interpretieren. Möglicherweise gibt es auch einen latenten Widerwillen, einer zentralen und weltweit auftretenden Organisation- und trete sie mit noch so ehrenhaften Zielen an - die Aufgabe anzuvertrauen, das Weltwissen abzulegen. Hier hat offenbar - Ironie der Geschichte - das Computernetz des Militärs die Nase vorn, das aus Gründen eines auch in der Katastrophe funktionierenden Systems auf stets austauschbare Rechner setzt und das Chaos ins Kalkül aufgenommen hat. Es ist daher absehbar, dass sich Xanadu in der skizzierten Form nicht mehr durchsetzen wird. Damit ist wahrscheinlich auch eine Chance für eine neue Internetarchitektur vertan. Was als Wunsch aber für die Weiterentwicklung des bestehenden Webs nicht laut genug vorgebracht werden kann, ist, dass die Visionen und konkreten Möglichkeiten von Xanadu stärker berücksichtigt werden sollten. Vielleicht sind die Aversionen gegen zentral geregelte Systeme aber immerhin dazu gut, dass das ".Net"; das Lieblingsprojekt des Softwaregiganten Microsoft, zu einem offenen System umgewandelt wird.