Search (5 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

The history of encyclopedias and wholly new forms of encyclopedias are briefly reviewed. The possibilities and problems that hypertext presents as a basis for new forms of encyclopedias are explored. The capabilities of current systems, both experimental and commercially available, are outlined, focusing on new possibilities for authoring and design and for reading the retrieval. Examples of applications already making use of hypertext are given.

Date

7. 1.1996 22:47:52

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Date

29. 7.2001 10:22:25

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Abstract

This volume has the virtue of airing a number of refreshing voices that are not often heard on this side of the Atlantic, and that bring perspectives that should energize our conversations about information in living systems." --Evelyn Fox Keller, MIT "Terzis and Arp have brought together an international array of experimental and theoretical scientists, philosophers, and cognitive scientists to explore the most consequential notion in modern biology--information. The notion is indispensable to molecular biology, and yet we have no idea how seriously we need to take it in that domain. The role of information is equally central to the origin and maintenance of life in a Second Law-driven world that destroys order. And the naturalization of information is the only bridge that can be crossed from cognitive psychology to neuroscience. All of these issues are faced squarely and accessibly in this important volume." --Alex Rosenberg, Duke University "Since the 1960s at least, it has become clear that we cannot content ourselves with describing living systems, and their life cycles, only in terms of matter and energy. An additional dimension--information--is the necessary complement. However, following an initial enthusiasm for an information-based approach to biology, conceptual developments and practical applications have been slow, to such an extent that doubts have eventually arisen, among biologists and philosophers alike, as to the real relevance, if not the legitimacy, of this approach. How profoundly ill-advised were those concerns is dramatically demonstrated by this excellent collection. Information and Living Systems provides a convincing and healthily fresh overview of this subject area in many of its ramifications, throughout the whole of biology." --Alessandro Minelli, University of Padova "Since the time of the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA and its expression, scientists and philosophers have become increasingly aware that information is integral to the understanding of the organization of life--indeed, to the understanding of life. Information and Living Systems covers the gamut of issues--from the properties of the organism itself to epigenetic and evolutionary considerations to cognition, language, and personality. It transcends in scope and depth any available publications on bioinformation known to me. It is an important scholarly contribution that will interest professional biologists, philosophers, and information theorists, and will be very useful in courses for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.

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Content

Introduction: Philosophy's Relevance in Computing and Information Science - Ruth Hagengruber and Uwe V.Riss Part I: Philosophy of Computing and Information 1 The Fourth Revolution in our Self-Understanding - Luciano Floridi -- 2 Information Transfer as a Metaphor - Jakob Krebs -- 3 With Aristotle towards a Differentiated Concept of Information? - Uwe Voigt -- 4 The Influence of Philosophy on the Understanding of Computing and Information - Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski -- Part II: Complexity and System Theory 5 The Emergence of Self-Conscious Systems: From Symbolic AI to Embodied Robotics - Klaus Mainzer -- 6 Artificial Intelligence as a New Metaphysical Project - Aziz F. Zambak Part III: Ontology 7 The Relevance of Philosophical Ontology to Information and Computer Science - Barry Smith -- 8 Ontology, its Origins and its Meaning in Information Science - Jens Kohne -- 9 Smart Questions: Steps towards an Ontology of Questions and Answers - Ludwig Jaskolla and Matthias Rugel Part IV: Knowledge Representation 10 Sophisticated Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Requires Philosophy - Selmer Bringsjord, Micah Clark and Joshua Taylor -- 11 On Frames and Theory-Elements of Structuralism Holger Andreas -- 12 Ontological Complexity and Human Culture David J. Saab and Frederico Fonseca Part V: Action Theory 13 Knowledge and Action between Abstraction and Concretion - Uwe V.Riss -- 14 Action-Directing Construction of Reality in Product Creation Using Social Software: Employing Philosophy to Solve Real-World Problems - Kai Holzweifiig and Jens Krüger -- 15 An Action-Theory-Based Treatment ofTemporal Individuals - Tillmann Pross -- 16 Four Rules for Classifying Social Entities - Ludger Jansen Part VI: Info-Computationalism 17 Info-Computationalism and Philosophical Aspects of Research in Information Sciences - Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic -- 18 Pancomputationalism: Theory or Metaphor ? - Vincent C. Mutter Part VII: Ethics 19 The Importance of the Sources of Professional Obligations - Francis C. Dane

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Date

22. 6.2005 15:30:21