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Abstract

This book features theoretical and practical perspectives from a range of disciplines on the challenges of using digital media in interpretation and representation of cultural heritage. In "Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage", experts offer a critical and theoretical appraisal of the uses of digital media by cultural heritage institutions. Previous discussions of cultural heritage and digital technology have left the subject largely unmapped in terms of critical theory. The essays in this volume offer this long-missing perspective on the challenges of using digital media in the research, preservation, management, interpretation, and representation of cultural heritage. The contributors - scholars and practitioners from a range of relevant disciplines - ground theory in practice, considering how digital technology might be used to transform institutional cultures, methods, and relationships with audiences. The contributors examine the relationship between material and digital objects in collections of art and indigenous artefacts; the implications of digital technology for knowledge creation, documentation, and the concept of authority; and the possibilities for "virtual cultural heritage" - the preservation and interpretation of cultural and natural heritage through real-time, immersive, and interactive techniques. The essays in "Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage" will serve as a resource for professionals, academics, and students in all fields of cultural heritage, including museums, libraries, galleries, archives, and archaeology, as well as those in education and information technology. The range of issues considered and the diverse disciplines and viewpoints represented point to new directions for an emerging field.

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Rise and fall of the post-photographic museum : technology and the transformation of art / Peter Walsh -- Materiality of virtual technologies : a new approach to thinking about the impact of multimedia in museums / Andrea Witcomb -- Beyond the cult of the replicant-- museums and historical digital objects : traditional concerns, new discourses / Fiona Cameron -- Te Ahu Hiko : cultural heritage and indigenous objects, people, and environments / Deidre Brown -- Redefining digital art : disrupting borders / Beryl Graham -- Online activity and offlline community : cultural institutions and new media art / Sarah Cook -- Crisis of authority : new lamps for old / Susan Hazan -- Digital cultural communication : audience and remediation / Angelina Russo and Jerry Watkins -- Digital knowledgescapes : cultural, theoretical, practical and usage issues facing museum collection databases in a digital epoch / Fiona Cameron and Helena Robinson -- Art is redeemed, mystery is gone : the documentation of contemporary art / Harald Kraemer -- Cultural information standards-- political territory and rich rewards / Ingrid Mason -- Finding a future for digital cultural heritage resources using contextual information frameworks / Gavan McCarthy -- Engaged dialogism in virtual space : an exploration of research strategies for virtual museums / Suhas Deshpande, Kati Geber, and Corey Timpson -- Localized, personalized, and constructivist : a space for online museum learning / Ross Parry and Nadia Arbach -- Speaking in Rama : panoramic vision in cultural heritage visualization / Sarah Kenderdine -- Dialing up the past / Erik Champion and Bharat Dave -- Morphology of space in virtual heritage / Bernadette Flynn -- Toward tangible virtualities : tangialities / Slavko Milekic -- Ecological cybernetics, virtual reality, and virtual heritage / Maurizio Forte -- Geo-storytelling : a living archive of spatial culture / Scot T. Refsland, Marc Tuters, and Jim Cooley -- Urban heritage representations in hyperdocuments / Rodrigo Paraizo and José Ripper Kós -- Automatic archaeology : bridging the gap between virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and archaeology / Juan Antonio Barceló.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 59(2008) no.8, S.1360-1361 (A. Japzon): "This is the first book since The Wired Museum to address the theoretical discourse on cultural heritage and digital media (Jones-Garmil, 1997). The editors, Fiona Cameron, a Research Fellow in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies at the Centre for Cultural Research at the University of Western Sydney, and Sarah Kenderdine, the Director of Special Projects for the Museum Victoria, bring together 30 authors from the international cultural heritage community to provide a foundation from which to explore and to understand the evolving significance of digital media to cultural heritage. The editors offer the collection of essays as a reference work to be used by professionals, academics, and students working and researching in all fields of cultural heritage including museums, libraries, galleries, archives, and archeology. Further, they recommend the work as a primary or a secondary text for undergraduate and graduate education for these fields. The work succeeds on these counts owing to the range of cultural heritage topics covered and the depth of description on these topics. Additionally, this work would be of value to those individuals working and researching in the fields of human computer interaction and educational technology. The book is divided into three sections: Replicants/Object Morphologies; Knowledge Systems and Management: Shifting Paradigms and Models; and Cultural Heritage and Virtual Systems. Many of the themes in the first section resonate throughout the book providing consistency of language and conceptual understandings, which ultimately offers a shared knowledge base from which to engage in the theoretical discussion on cultural heritage. This review will briefly summarize selected themes and concepts from each of the sections as the work is vast in thought and rich in detail. ...

LCSH

Museums / Collection management

Subject

Museums / Collection management

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Abstract

According to Paul Levinson, it would be improper to portray information technology as the cause of change in our world. However, Levinson clarifies that its role in enabling change can hardly be overestimated. He also points out--through riveting examples--that inventions have unintended consequences and uses. Why is it, for example, that the move from polytheism to monotheism failed when attempted by the pharaoh Ikhnaton, yet took solid root among the Hebrews who were taken out of Egypt by Moses only about 150 years later? Levinson argues that communication technology played a key role: The awkward Egyptian hieroglyphics failed to carry the ideology as well as the Hebrew alphabetic system. From there, Levinson examines the early social changes that became possible because of what the author calls "the first digital medium"--the alphabet. He considers how the Reformation, economic and political movements, and the scientific revolution were largely enabled by the printing press. He then discusses the influence of photographic communications and electronic technology such as the telegraph, the telephone, and broadcasting. Levinson devotes the second half of the book to our present digital revolution, from word processing to the Internet and beyond. One of his key points is that new technology doesn't necessarily displace the old so much as it expands it. Therefore, he doesn't see any end to using paper anytime soon. However, he sees great need for changes in the way we view creative rights. He proposes what he calls an"electronic watermark" for intellectual property--a universal patent number that will be embedded in intellectual property and will notify users in any medium of the property's creators. Levinson puts forth his ideas in a manner that is both formal and engaging. He has a knack for making his reader feel intelligent and respected--and never more so than when he looks at issues of ethics and a speculative future.

LCSH

Information technology / Social aspects
Information technology / History
Information technology / Forecasting

Subject

Information technology / Social aspects
Information technology / History
Information technology / Forecasting

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Date

22. 2.2008 14:21:53

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Abstract

That there is a "digital divide" - which falls between those who have and can afford the latest in technological tools and those who have neither in our society - is indisputable. "Virtual Inequality" redefines the issue as it explores the cascades of that divide, which involve access, skill, political participation, as well as the obvious economics. Computer and Internet access are insufficient without the skill to use the technology, and economic opportunity and political participation provide primary justification for realizing that this inequality is a public problem and not simply a matter of private misfortune. Defying those who say the divide is growing smaller, this volume, based on a national survey that includes data from over 1800 respondents in low-income communities, shows otherwise. In addition to demonstrating why disparities persist in such areas as technological abilities, the survey also shows that the digitally disadvantaged often share many of the same beliefs as their more privileged counterparts. African-Americans, for instance, are even more positive in their attitudes toward technology than whites are in many respects, contrary to conventional wisdom. The rigorous research on which the conclusions are based is presented accessibly and in an easy-to-follow manner. Not content with analysis alone, nor the untangling of the complexities of policymaking, "Virtual Inequality" views the digital divide compassionately in its human dimensions and recommends a set of practical and common-sense policy strategies. Inequality, even in a virtual form this book reminds us, is unacceptable and a situation that society is compelled to address.

Footnote

The economic opportunity divide is predicated an the hypothesis that there has, indeed, been a major shift in opportunities driven by changes in the information environment. The authors document this paradigm shift well with arguments from the political and economic right and left. This chapter might be described as an "attitudinal" chapter. The authors are concerned here with the perceptions of their respondents of their information skills and skill levels with their economic outlook and opportunities. Technological skills and economic opportunities are correlated, one finds, in the minds of all across all ages, genders, races, ethnicities, and income levels. African Americans in particular are ". . attuned to the use of technology for economic opportunity" (p. 80). The fourth divide is the democratic divide. The Internet may increase political participation, the authors posit, but only among groups predisposed to participate and perhaps among those with the skills necessary to take advantage of the electronic environment (p. 86). Certainly the Web has played an important role in disseminating and distributing political messages and in some cases in political fund raising. But by the analysis here, we must conclude that the message does not reach everyone equally. Thus, the Internet may widen the political participation gap rather than narrow it. The book has one major, perhaps fatal, flaw: its methodology and statistical application. The book draws upon a survey performed for the authors in June and July 2001 by the Kent State University's Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) lab (pp. 7-9). CATI employed a survey protocol provided to the reader as Appendix 2. An examination of the questionnaire reveals that all questions yield either nominal or ordinal responses, including the income variable (pp. 9-10). Nevertheless, Mossberger, Tolbert, and Stansbury performed a series of multiple regression analyses (reported in a series of tables in Appendix 1) utilizing these data. Regression analysis requires interval/ratio data in order to be valid although nominal and ordinal data can be incorporated by building dichotomous dummy variables. Perhaps Mossberger, Tolbert, and Stansbury utilized dummy variables; but 1 do not find that discussed. Moreover, 1 would question a multiple regression made up completely of dichotomous dummy variables. I come away from Virtual Inequality with mixed feelings. It is useful to think of the digital divide as more than one phenomenon. The four divides that Mossberger, Tolbert, and Stansbury offeraccess, skills, economic opportunity, and democratic-are useful as a point of departure and debate. No doubt, other divides will be identified and documented. This book will lead the way. Second, without question, Mossberger, Tolbert, and Stansbury provide us with an extremely well-documented, -written, and -argued work. Third, the authors are to be commended for the multidisciplinarity of their work. Would that we could see more like it. My reservations about their methodological approach, however, hang over this review like a shroud."

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Content

RECHT Harald Müller: Kopienversand weltweit - ein internationaler Rechtsvergleich Ulrike Fälsch: Leistungsorientierte Bezahlung im öffentlichen Dienst - eine Einführung in die monetären leistungsbezogenen Elemente im TUöD und TU-L Claudia Holland: Reformen im Beamtenrecht - zum aktuellen Rechtsstand nach der Förderalismusreform Uwe Schwersky: Welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich aus dem geänderten Urheberrecht für die regionale und überregionale (Online-) Fernleihe? Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und ihre Auswirkungen TECHNIK UND TECHNOLOGIE Raoul Borenius: Shibboleth als technische Grundlage für föderative Angebote Magnus Pfeffer: Automatische Vergabe von RVK-Notationen mittels fallbasiertem Schließen MANAGEMENT UND BETRIEBLICHE STEUERUNG Meinhard Motzko: Inhalt und Aufbau von Bibliothekskonzeptionen für Öffentliche Bibliotheken Renate Vogt: Qualitätsentwicklung durch kollegiale Beratung Jens Renner: Neues Geld in alten Schläuchen - Studienbeiträge formen die Hochschule der Zukunft Thomas Stierle: Vom Messen allein wird nichts besser. Anmerkungen zum Benchmarking in Bibliotheken Klaus-Peter Böttger: Vom Assistenten zum FAMI. Ausblick auf die erweiterten Tätigkeitsfelder des jungen Berufsbildes und wie wir alle davon profitieren Gillian Hallam: Personalplanung im australischen Bibliothekssektor: Ein Blick auf die Weiterentwicklung eines Berufes Jochen Rupp: Veränderungsmanagement in Bibliotheken - erfolgreiche Maßnahmen KULTURELLES ERBE Thomas Stäcker: Sacherschließung Alter Drucke: Die Retrokonversion vorhandener Kataloge und Bibliographien Gunther Franz: "Bibliotheken sind ein Kapital ... ". Der materielle und kulturelle Wert historischer Sammlungen Jens Ludwig: Wege ins Archiv - ein Leitfaden für die Informationsübernahme in das digitale Langzeitarchiv Gerald Steilen: Zentrales Verzeichnis digitalisierter Drucke (zvdd)

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Footnote

Zu Aufbau und Inhalt: In einer Einleitung werden die grundsätzlichen Positionen der Verfasser offengelegt. Diese sind vor allem: eine von der Systemtheorie Luhmanns geprägte (und gelegentlich dessen Fachjargon evozierende) soziologische Perspektive, das Verständnis einer integrativen Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft, eine als modern zu bezeichnende historische Perspektive, sowie das Bestreben, neue Wege zu gehen und Aussagen von längerfristiger Gültigkeit zu treffen. Darauf folgen acht Kapitel Inhalt, ein neuntes als Zusammenschau und Schlusswort, ein Literaturverzeichnis, ein Verzeichnis der Internet-Adressen (leider ohne Datumsangaben), ein Abkürzungsverzeichnis sowie ein (gutes) Sachregister. Alle Kapitel sind wohl strukturiert und jeweils mit einem abschließenden "Ausblick» versehen. Behandelt werden: - die begrifflichen Grundlagen von Information und Bibliothek sowie die historischen/soziologischen Entwicklungslinien (Kapitel 1), - die strukturellen Entwicklungen der deutschen Bibliotheken hin zum funktional differenzierten Bibliothekssystem sowie die technischen Entwicklungen (Kapitel 2), - das deutsche Bibliothekswesen mit der Darstellung von Träger- und Förderinstitutionen, der Arten/Typen von Bibliotheken und ihrer rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen (Kapitel 3), - Netze und Kooperationen, d.h. im einzelnen Verbände, Partner/Förderer des Bibliothekswesens, internationale und nationale Zusammenarbeit, insbesondere im Rahmen von Erwerbung, Erschließung, Benutzung, sowie die Entwicklungen hin zu einem nationalen Wissenschaftsportal (Kapitel 4), - die zahlreichen im Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen relevanten Normen, Standards, Richtlinien und Empfehlungen (Kapitel 5), - die von den Bibliotheken gebotenen - klassischen wie neuartigen - Dienstleistungen, insbesondere auch moderne (digitale) Formen von Informations- und Auskunftsdiensten (Kapitel 6), - Management (Marketing, Aufbau, Personal, Controlling, Werbung/PR) und insbesondere Bestandsmanagement (Kapitel 7), sowie - Ausbildungs- und Berufsfragen, von den Anfängen der Professionali-sierung im 19. Jahrhundert bis hin zu den die Spartentrennungen überwindenden modernen Studien- und Ausbildungsentwicklungen (Kapitel 8)."

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Abstract

Many information professionals working in small units today fail to find the published tools for subject-based organization that are appropriate to their local needs, whether they are archivists, special librarians, information officers, or knowledge or content managers. Large established standards for document description and organization are too unwieldy, unnecessarily detailed, or too expensive to install and maintain. In other cases the available systems are insufficient for a specialist environment, or don't bring things together in a helpful way. A purpose built, in-house system would seem to be the answer, but too often the skills necessary to create one are lacking. This practical text examines the criteria relevant to the selection of a subject-management system, describes the characteristics of some common types of subject tool, and takes the novice step by step through the process of creating a system for a specialist environment. The methodology employed is a standard technique for the building of a thesaurus that incidentally creates a compatible classification or taxonomy, both of which may be used in a variety of ways for document or information management. Key areas covered are: What is a thesaurus? Tools for subject access and retrieval; what a thesaurus is used for? Why use a thesaurus? Examples of thesauri; the structure of a thesaurus; thesaural relationships; practical thesaurus construction; the vocabulary of the thesaurus; building the systematic structure; conversion to alphabetic format; forms of entry in the thesaurus; maintaining the thesaurus; thesaurus software; and; the wider environment. Essential for the practising information professional, this guide is also valuable for students of library and information science.