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Abstract

According to Paul Levinson, it would be improper to portray information technology as the cause of change in our world. However, Levinson clarifies that its role in enabling change can hardly be overestimated. He also points out--through riveting examples--that inventions have unintended consequences and uses. Why is it, for example, that the move from polytheism to monotheism failed when attempted by the pharaoh Ikhnaton, yet took solid root among the Hebrews who were taken out of Egypt by Moses only about 150 years later? Levinson argues that communication technology played a key role: The awkward Egyptian hieroglyphics failed to carry the ideology as well as the Hebrew alphabetic system. From there, Levinson examines the early social changes that became possible because of what the author calls "the first digital medium"--the alphabet. He considers how the Reformation, economic and political movements, and the scientific revolution were largely enabled by the printing press. He then discusses the influence of photographic communications and electronic technology such as the telegraph, the telephone, and broadcasting. Levinson devotes the second half of the book to our present digital revolution, from word processing to the Internet and beyond. One of his key points is that new technology doesn't necessarily displace the old so much as it expands it. Therefore, he doesn't see any end to using paper anytime soon. However, he sees great need for changes in the way we view creative rights. He proposes what he calls an"electronic watermark" for intellectual property--a universal patent number that will be embedded in intellectual property and will notify users in any medium of the property's creators. Levinson puts forth his ideas in a manner that is both formal and engaging. He has a knack for making his reader feel intelligent and respected--and never more so than when he looks at issues of ethics and a speculative future.

LCSH

Information technology / Social aspects

Subject

Information technology / Social aspects

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Abstract

"The revolution will be Twittered!" declared journalist Andrew Sullivan after protests erupted in Iran. But as journalist and social commentator Evgeny Morozov argues in "The Net Delusion," the Internet is a tool that both revolutionaries and authoritarian governments can use. For all of the talk in the West about the power of the Internet to democratize societies, regimes in Iran and China are as stable and repressive as ever. Social media sites have been used there to entrench dictators and threaten dissidents, making it harder--not easier--to promote democracy. In this spirited book, journalist and social commentator Evgeny Morozov shows that by falling for the supposedly democratizing nature of the Internet, Western do-gooders may have missed how it also entrenches dictators, threatens dissidents, and makes it harder-not easier-to promote democracy. Buzzwords like "21st-century statecraft" sound good in PowerPoint presentations, but the reality is that "digital diplomacy" requires just as much oversight and consideration as any other kind of diplomacy. Marshalling a compelling set of case studies, " The Net Delusion" shows why the cyber-utopian stance that the Internet is inherently liberating is wrong, and how ambitious and seemingly noble initiatives like the promotion of "Internet freedom" are misguided and, on occasion, harmful.

LCSH

Internet / Political aspects

Subject

Internet / Political aspects

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Abstract

Die Entstehung von Social Software ermöglicht es Nutzern, in großem Umfang im Netz zu publizieren. Bisher liegen aber nur wenige empirische Befunde zu funktionalen Eigenschaften sowie Qualitätsaspekten von Nutzerbeiträgen im Kontext von Informationsmanagement und Information Retrieval vor. Diese Arbeit diskutiert grundlegende Partizipationsformen, präsentiert empirische Studien über Social Tagging, Blogbeiträge sowie Relevanzbeurteilungen und entwickelt Design und Implementierung einer "sozialen" Informationsarchitektur für ein partizipatives Onlinehilfesystem.

Content

The Web of User Contribution - Foundations and Principles of the Social Web - Social Tagging - Rating and Filtering of Digital Resources Empirical Analysisof User Contributions - The Functional and Linguistic Structure of Tags - A Comparative Analysis of Tags for Different Digital Resource Types - Exploring Relevance Assessments in Social IR Systems - Exploring User Contribution Within a Higher Education Scenario - Summary of Empirical Results and Implications for Designing Social Information Systems User Contribution for a Participative Information System - Social Information Architecture for an Online Help System

RSWK

Social Tagging / Filter / Web log / World Wide Web 2.0

Subject

Social Tagging / Filter / Web log / World Wide Web 2.0

Theme

Social tagging

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Content

Inhalt: An Introduction to Metatheories, Theories, and Models (Marcia J. Bates) - What Methodology Does to Theory: Sense-Making Methodology as Exemplar (Brenda Dervin) Evolution in Information Behavior Modeling Wilson's Model (T.D. Wilson) - Affective Load (Diane Nahl) - Anomalous State of Knowledge (Nicholas J. Belkin) - Archival Intelligence (Elizabeth Yakel) - Bandura's Social Cognition (Makiko Miwa) - Berrypicking (Marcia J. Bates) - Big6 Skills for Information Literacy (Carrie A. Lowe and Michael B. Eisenberg) - Chang's Browsing (Chan-Ju L. Chang) - Chatman's Information Poverty (Julie Hersberger) - Chatman's Life in the Round (Crystal Fulton) - Cognitive Authority (Soo Young Rieh) - Cognitive Work Analysis (Raya Fidel and Annelise Mark Pejtersen) - Collective Action Dilemma (Marc Smith and Howard T. Weiser) - Communicative Action (Gerald Benoît) - Communities of Practice (Elisabeth Davies) - Cultural Models of Hall and Hofstede (Anita Komlodi) - Dervin's Sense-Making (Tonyia J. Tidline) - Diffusion Theory (Darian Lajoie-Paquette) - The Domain Analytic Approach to Scholars' Information Practices (Sanna Talja) - Ecological Theory of Human Information Behavior (Kirsty Williamson) - Elicitation as Micro-Level Information Seeking (Mei-Mei Wu) - Ellis's Model of InformationSeeking Behavior (David Ellis) - Everyday Life Information Seeking (Reijo Savolainen) - Face Threat (Lorri Mon) - Flow Theory (Charles Naumer) - General Model of the Information Seeking of Professionals (Gloria J. Leckie) - The Imposed Query (Melissa Gross) - Information Acquiringand-Sharing (Kevin Rioux) - Information Activities in Work Tasks (Katriina Byström) - Information Encountering (Sanda Erdelez) - Information Grounds (Karen E. Fisher) - Information Horizons (Diane H. Sonnenwald) - Information Intents (Ross J. Todd) - Information Interchange (Rita Marcella and Graeme Baxter) - Institutional Ethnography (Roz Stooke) - Integrative Framework for Information Seeking and Interactive Information Retrieval (Peter Ingwersen) - Interpretative Repertoires (Pamela J. McKenzie) - Krikelas's Model of Information Seeking (Jean Henefer and Crystal Fulton) - Kuhlthau's Information Search Process (Carol Collier Kuhlthau) - Library Anxiety (Patricia Katopol) - Monitoring and Blunting (Lynda M. Baker) - Motivational Factors for Interface Design (Carolyn Watters and Jack Duffy) - Network Gatekeeping (Karine Barzilai-Nahon) - Nonlinear Information Seeking (Allen Foster) - Optimal Foraging (JoAnn Jacoby) - Organizational Sense Making and Information Use (Anu Maclntosh-Murray) - The PAIN Hypothesis (Harry Bruce) -
Perspectives on the Tasks in which Information Behaviors Are Embedded (Barbara M. Wildemuth and Anthony Hughes) - Phenomenography (Louise Limberg) - Practice of Everyday Life (Paulette Rothbauer) - Principle of Least Effort (Donald O. Case) - Professions and Occupational Identities (Olof Sundin and Jenny Hedman) - Radical Change (Eliza T. Dresang) - Reader Response Theory (Catherine Sheldrick Ross) - Rounding and Dissonant Grounds (Paul Solomon) - Serious Leisure (Jenna Hartel) - Small-World Network Exploration (Lennart Björneborn) - Nan Lin's Theory of Social Capital (Catherine A. Johnson) - The Social Constructionist Viewpoint on Information Practices (Kimmo Tuominen, Sanna Talja, and Reijo Savolainen) - Social Positioning (Lisa M. Given) - The Socio-Cognitive Theory of Users Situated in Specific Contexts and Domains (Birger Hjoerland) - Strength of Weak Ties (Christopher M. Dixon) - Symbolic Violence (Steven Joyce) - Taylor's Information Use Environments (Ruth A. Palmquist) - Taylor's Question-Negotiation (Phillip M. Edwards) - Transtheoretical Model of the Health Behavior Change (C. Nadine Wathen and Roma M. Harris) - Value Sensitive Design (Batya Friedman and Nathan G. Freier) - Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (Lynne (E. E) McKechnie) - Web Information Behaviors of Organizational Workers (Brian Detlor) - Willingness to Return (Tammara Combs Turner and Joan C. Durrance) - Women's Ways of Knowing (Heidi Julien) - Work Task Information-Seeking and Retrieval Processes (Preben Hansen) - World Wide Web Information Seeking (Don Turnbull)

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Content

- Recherche und Web Rita Strebe: Empirische Untersuchung von emotionalen Reaktionen im Prozess der Informationsrecherche im Web Teresa Märt!, Christa Womser-Hacker, Thomas Mandl: Mehrsprachige Suche in Social-Tagging-Systemen Christian Maaß, Dirk Lewandowski: Frage-Antwort-Dienste als alternativer Suchansatz? Jürgen Reischer: EXCERPT - a Within-Document Retrieval System Using Summarization Techniques - Fachportale - Open Access I Stefan Baerisch, Peter Mutschke, Maximilian Stempfliuber: Informationstechnologische Aspekte der Heterogenitätsbehandlung in Fachportalen Doris Bambey: Open Access in der Erziehungswissenschaft - Voraussetzungen und Modelle der Funktionsteilung und der Verwertung von Wissen Patrick Lay: Integration heterogener Anwendungen in Fachportalen am Beispiel Sowiport Martin Uhl, Erich Weichselgartner: Aufbau einer innovativen Publikations-Infrastrukrur für die europäische Psychologie

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Abstract

She is Chair of the Heron User Group and Association of Information Professionals in the Social Sciences (ALISS). She is the Conference Officer for CILIP Information Literacy Group and a founder member of the Librarians' Information Literacy Annual Conference (LILAC). Debbi Boden is a Faculty Team Leader at Imperial College London. She is chair and a founder member of the CILIP CSG Information Literacy Group and a member of the Information Literacy Annual Conference (LILAC) Committee. Gwyneth Price is Student Services Librarian at the Institute of Education, University of London. She is Editor of Education Libraries Journal. Readership: The book is aimed at library managers, information literacy/skills librarians/managers, and learner support librarians/managers.Contents: Getting started with the information literacy cookbook (Jane Secker, Debbi Boden and Gwyneth Price) Feeding the masses: digital citizenship and the public library (Ronan O'Beirne) Healthy mind, healthy body: digital literacy in the NHS (Di Mullen and Helen Roberts) Information discovery stir-fry: information literacy in the commercial sector (Angela Donnelly and Carey Craddock) Alone in the kitchen: when you're the only one providing the service (Sarah Hinton) Educating the palate of pupils and teachers: recipes for success in school libraries (Rebecca Jones) Variety is the spice of life, or choosing your topics with care: information literacy challenges in the further education sector (Gwyneth Price and Jane Del-Pizzo) Information literacy beef bourguignon (also known as information skills stew or i-skills casserole): the higher education sector (Jane Secker, Debbi Boden and Gwyneth Price) Conclusion: coffee, cheese, biscuits and petit fours (Jane Secker, Debbi Boden and Gwyneth Price)