Search (325 results, page 2 of 17)

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Abstract

In this study, industrialisation has been evaluated in the context of social change theory. Industrialisation as a period of social change is the source of public library development. The public library has emerged as a result of the changes in educational and cultural structure caused by industrialisation. Public libraries emerged as supporting elements of basic and adult diffused education effort. The change in thoughts, attitudes and values by the effect of urbanisation made public libraries a part of the new culture that is social life. The public library is a product of social change.

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Abstract

To answer this question I need a theoretical discussion of the aspects that have implication on the quality of the reference service, and an empirical study of the service. By combining theories from the field of reference service, service, goods quality and service quality, I propose six factors related to the total quality of the reference service: The library, the servicescape, the librarian, the user and the answer. From these aspects I have in this paper chosen to focus on the librarian's ability to communicate with the user. The empirical study consists of an analysis of 20 dialogs conversations between user and librarian. The analysis has its theoretical and conceptual roots in Conversation Analysis or CA.

Date

22. 7.2009 10:54:45

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Abstract

Prior research has shown that social interaction is important for continuation of question-and-answer (Q&A) activity online and that it also leads to monetary rewards. The present research focuses on the link between social interaction and the value of information. Expressions of self-presentation in the interaction between askers and answerers online are studied as antecedents for answer feedback which represents the value of the answer to the asker. This relationship is examined in a Q&A site, specifically, in Google Answers (GA). The results of content analysis performed on sets of questions and answers show that both explicit and implicit social cues are used by the site's participants; however, only implicit expressions of self-presentation are related to the provision of social and monetary feedback, ratings, and tips. This finding highlights the importance of implicit cues in textual communication and lends support to the notion of social capital where both monetary and social forms of feedback are the result of interaction online.

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Abstract

Purpose - Uncovering faculty members' conceptions of Information Literacy (IL), as well as exploring their perceptions with regard to the importance given to a previously defined set of core IL competences grouped into four categories: searching, evaluation, processing and communication and dissemination. Ascertaining the possible differences among the five knowledge branches (arts and humanities, sciences, social and legal sciences, health sciences, and technical disciplines); and understanding the importance granted to a set of learning improvement initiatives by the faculty. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach - The survey was completed by a set of faculty members from the University of Granada (Spain). Data were collected using the IL-HUMASS survey. The research is based on subjective data, first approached from a descriptive point of view. Later, data correlation, analysis and non-parametric tests were used with the goal of finding significant differences of faculty perceptions among the relevant academic areas. Findings - Results suggest that more than half of the surveyed faculty have what the authors define as an Academic Concept of IL. The IL categories of communica\tion and dissemination and searching were graded in significance by the staff as being "very important," while those of evaluation and processing were assigned a slightly lesser rating of "important." Results suggest that IL awareness falls into two broad groups differentiated by subject discipline: those from health sciences, social and legal sciences and arts and humanities representing the first group, and sciences and technical disciplines the other. Research limitations/implications - This approach address the subjective status of faculty concepts in a single university, but also in all knowledge branches. Future research is needed. Originality/value - This is one of the few papers regarding faculty perceptions of IL.

Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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Abstract

Reference services for data files used in quantitative social research are complicated for several facts. Providing assistance requires specialized knowledge of how the data were collected, how they are organized and how they will be used. Data files cannot be used at all without the requisite computing support. This article presents an overview of the literature on reference services for social research, differentiates between data for information and data for research, suggests a general approach to providing services for these materials based on traditional archives and government documents reference, and gives a practical framework for handling queries

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Abstract

Discusses principles for the development and strategic use of a community database Cleveland Area Network for Data and Organizing (CAN DO), operated at the Center for Urban Poverty and Social Change, Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. Such a community database system must go beyond a technological focus and should assist in building a community infrastructure. Presents applications of the system for social services planning and practice at the local level

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Abstract

In Canada, as in many other developed countries, the elderly are the fastest growing segment of the population (Moore & Rosenberg, 1997), and are considered to have substantial needs for human services due to the physical, psychological, emotional and social changes associated with aging (Bull, 1994; Hales-Mabry, 1993; Harel, el al., 1990; Levinson, 1996; Pelly, 1992; Tinker, 1992; Wenger, 1992). Shorter hospital stays and other cutbacks in the healthcare system have also contributed to increased need for human services. Yet, the elderly are typically counted among society's "information poor" (Childers, 1975; Nauratil, 1985). While community-based human services such as healthcare, income support, transportation, and recreation programs can help the elderly recover from illness and continue living in their own homes, research shows that they are largely unaware of existing services, that they experience difficulties in expressing their needs and negotiating the human services web, and that many go without needed help (Ontario Ministry of Culture & Communications, 1991). Surprisingly little is known, however, from empirically-based research about how seniors communicate their needs for HSI and how HSI helps them cope with daily problems. While an in-depth review of the literature on the information behaviour of the elderly is provided in Pettigrew (1997b), the literature to-date can be characterized as suffering from the same weakness identified by Zweizig and Dervin (1977) in their survey of the library literature in that it is primarily composed of use studies and user studies.

Date

22. 3.2002 8:56:51

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Abstract

Die Literatur- und Informationsbeschaffung der aktuellen Studierendengeneration erfolgt heute auf anderen Wegen als noch vor 10 Jahren. Ob im privaten Umfeld MyTube für Videoangebote im Internet, Google Earth für geographische Orientierungen, oder Wikipedia anstelle des Brockhaus, der Informationseinstieg läuft nicht mehr in Form der Konsultation eines Lehrbuchs oder Nachschlagewerkes aus der Bibliothek: "Benutzer warten heute nicht mehr darauf, die Grundsätze des Umgangs mit Informationen in der Bibliothek neu erklärt zu bekommen; hier sind neue, weniger "verschulte" Kommunikationswege gefragt." Unaufhaltsam ergreift der Web 2.0-Hype auch vom Studienalltag Besitz und führt zum Umbau etablierter Informations- und Kommunikationswege. Die neue Internetgemeinde setzt anstelle von medialer Berieselung auf aktives Mitmachen. Zum "Social Networking" gehört, dass "Siegfried Sorglos" seine Urlaubsfotos, seine Handy-Nummer, seine Hobbies für Freunde ins Netz stellt. Der Datenschutz zur Wahrung der Privatsphäre hat ausgedient. Informationen, auch über Persönliches, sind Public Domain. Man gruschelt Freunde und kommuniziert über SMS, ICQ oder Skype Termine und Verabredungen.

Source

Bibliotheksdienst. 41(2007) H.1, S.22-33

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Abstract

Large amounts of health-related information of different types are available on the web. In addition to authoritative health information sites maintained by government health departments and healthcare institutions, there are many social media sites carrying user-contributed information. This study sought to identify the types of drug information available on consumer-contributed drug review sites when compared with authoritative drug information websites. Content analysis was performed on the information available for nine drugs on three authoritative sites (RxList, eMC, and PDRhealth) as well as three drug review sites (WebMD, RateADrug, and PatientsLikeMe). The types of information found on authoritative sites but rarely on drug review sites include pharmacology, special population considerations, contraindications, and drug interactions. Types of information found only on drug review sites include drug efficacy, drug resistance experienced by long-term users, cost of drug in relation to insurance coverage, availability of generic forms, comparison with other similar drugs and with other versions of the drug, difficulty in using the drug, and advice on coping with side effects. Drug efficacy ratings by users were found to be different across the three sites. Side effects were vividly described in context, with user assessment of severity based on discomfort and effect on their lives.

Date

22. 1.2016 12:24:05

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Classification

327.12 22

Content

Intelligence work and the information professions / Robert S. Taylor -- Spies of the airwaves / Norman Horrocks -- Intelligence work and information science : two men in a boat / David Batty -- The intelligence game : seeing is believing? / Robert Lee Chartrand -- Applications of information science to U.S. naval intelligence and narcotics intelligence, 1974-1992 / Emil Levine -- A life in the information trade / Charles T. Meadow -- Information management in MI5 before the age of the computer / Alistair Black and Rodney Brunt -- Some aspects of indexing in British intelligence, 1939-1945 / Rodney Brunt -- Intelligence agencies, librarians, and information scientists / Colin Burke -- Historical note on information science in wartime : pioneer documentation activities in World War II / Pamela Spence Richards -- Technology for open source government information and business intelligence / George L. Marling -- Knowledge transfer : information science shapes intelligencein the cold war era / Lee S. Strickland -- The information science and intelligence literature : an overview / Robert V. Williams -- Defining what information science is or should be : a survey and review of a half-century of published pronouncements / Ben-Ami Lipetz -- Wanted : a definition of "intelligence" / Michael Warner -- Evidence and inference in foreign intelligence / Maurice H. Hellner -- The zoo and the jungle : a comparison of the information practices of intelligence analysts and of scientists / Harold Wooster.

DDC

327.12 22

Footnote

This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."

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Abstract

Explores the concept of information democracy, noting that is has roots in several fields: political science; sociology; social work; communication science; and library and information science; butthat it is explicitly recognized only in library and information science. Focuses on the interplay between information technologies and society and on the theme of social equity and the distribution and use of information resources. When dealing with information democracy there is a focus on the information poor: a population that goes beyond the economically poor to include the aged, disabled, those in rural areas, and those in schools. Traces the historical origins leading to the concerns for social equity and information technologies. Notes that there is power associated with the control of information resources as well as with the control of economic and political resources. Looks at social equity and information technology in several broad areas

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Abstract

The authors are students of librarianship in the faculty of philosophy at Ljubljana University, Slovenia. Users were asked to describe their library visits and summarise what was most helpful and least helpful about the service received. In the list of best practices, the most frequent feature was that the staff member really listened (58,9%). Other aspects of most helpful behaviour (e.g. using different body language, showing genuine interest, willingness to investigate further) occured in less than 40% of the interviews. 3 features of least helpful behaviour were listed in more than 30% of the cases; not asking the user anything about the question and making no effort to determine the specific need, not telling the user what he/she was doing, making no effort to determine whether the user had found the relevant information

Date

22. 2.1999 19:29:43

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Abstract

The emergence of research on various aspects of 'information behaviour' is explored and its growth as a subject of academic research is documented. The origin of the field as a potential aid to the development of library and information services is noted, as is the transition from this status to that of a subject for research at PhD level and beyond. The development of the field has thus led to a division between the needs of academia for theoretically grounded work, and the needs of the field of practice for guidance for service development. There is, today, a disconnection between research and practice, to a significant extent: early research was undertaken by practitioners but today academic research dominates the scene. Suggestions are made as to how this disconnection can be repaired.

Date

8. 7.2010 19:09:22

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the information-seeking behavior of science and social science research scholars, including service effectiveness, satisfaction level on different type of sources and various methods adopted by the scholars for keeping up to date. Design/methodology/approach - Data were gathered using a questionnaire survey of 200, randomly selected, PhD students of science and social science departments of four universities in Kerala, India. Findings - Although similarities exist between social science and science PhD students with regard to information-seeking behavior, there are significant differences as well. There is a significant difference between science and social science scholars on the perception of the adequacy of print journals and database collection which are very relevant to the research purposes. There is no significant difference between science and social science scholars on the perception of the adequacy of e-journals, the most used source for keeping up to date. The study proved that scholars of both the fields are dissatisfied with the effectiveness of the library in keeping them up to date with latest developments. Originality/value - The study is based on actual situation and the result can be used for library service redesign for different types of users.

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Abstract

With the increasing importance of social media in people's lives, more mobile applications have incorporated features to support social networking activities. These applications enable communication between people, using features such as chatting and blogging. There is, however, little consideration of the collaboration between people during information seeking. Mobile applications should support the seeking, sharing, confirming, and validating of information systematically to help users complete their tasks and fulfill their information needs. To support information seeking, especially collaboratively as a group, there is a need to understand people's social interaction behavior. Using tourism as a domain, we conducted a diary study to look into tourists' social interaction during information seeking. Further, based on the diary study findings and current research, we describe a set of triggers that lead to collaboration for each step in the information-seeking process. Here we present the social collaboration patterns between tourists and the people around them. Further, based on a diary study and current research, we describe a set of triggers that lead to collaboration for each step in the BIG6 information-seeking process.

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Abstract

More and more social Q&A platforms are launching a new business model to monetize online knowledge. This monetizing process introduces a more complicated cost and benefit tradeoff to users, especially for askers' concerns. Much of the previous research was conducted in the context of free-based Q&A platform, which hardly explains the triggers that motivate askers' pay intention. Based on the theories of social exchange and social capital, this study aims to identify and examine the antecedents of askers' pay intention from the perspective of benefit and cost. We empirically test our predictions based on survey data collected from 322 actual askers in a well-known trilateral payment-based social Q&A platform in China. The results by partial least squares (PLS) analysis indicate that besides noneconomic benefits including self-enhancement, social support, and entertainment, financial factors such as cost and benefit have significant influences on the perceived value of using trilateral payment-based Q&A platforms. More important, we further identify that the effect of financial benefit is moderated by perceived reciprocity belief, and the effect of perceived value is moderated by perceived trust in answerers. Our findings contribute to the previous literature by proposing a theoretical model that explains askers' behavioral intention, and the practical implications for payment-based Q&A service providers and participants.

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Abstract

Reports results of a questionnaire survey, as part of the Libraries and Communities Research and Demonstration Programme, funded by the British Library Research and Innovation Centre (BLRIC), aimed at studying the social impact of libraries and how they serve and examine the community development strategies in UK public library authorities. Other elements included: a bibliography and database; analysis of the long term impact of public library initiatives based on the Library Association / Holt Jackson Community Initiative Award projects; and a social audit of libraries and work on social indicators for libraries

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Abstract

The purpose of this entry is to present and analyze the relationship between learning and information seeking. The analysis draws on research studies on information seeking set in educational contexts and is framed in theories of learning, mainly constructivism. Themes of the entry are based on five dimensions of the relationship between learning and information seeking: 1) seeking information for learning purposes; 2) learning information seeking; 3) teaching information seeking; 4) learning from information; and 5) reshaping conditions for information seeking and learning through information and communications technologies (ICTs). Conclusions are that the fields of learning and information seeking draw nearer to one another partly due to educational ideas based in constructivism and partly due to the development of digital tools that reshape conditions for learning in postmodern society. This development contributes to the transformation of the professional role of librarians, implying an emphasis on the pedagogical aspects of the profession. Future prospects for information seeking research and practice linked to learning may involve strengthened interests in the cognitive authority and expertise of information as well as information sharing through communicative interaction.

Date

27. 8.2011 14:22:22

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Abstract

Research methodologies in several of the social sciences require the use of tests. When assisting social science researchers who seek information on tests, reference librarians do not, themselves, always have direct access to the instruments. Librarians should not only have the knowledge that various print and electronic database resources are available to gain needed information, but they should also have a strategy by which these sources can be searched in an expedient and thorough manner. This paper offers such a search strategy which can be used with the materials commonly found in a large research or specialized test library

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Abstract

Proposes a reference interview strategy that will allow the reference librarian to: efficiently assess the information need of undergraduates undertaking a social science assignment, label the information need, and assign the most appropriate online search strategy to satisfy this need