Search (106 results, page 1 of 6)

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Classification

303.48/33 22 (LoC)

DDC

303.48/33 22 (LoC)

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.1, S.150-151 (L. Westbrook): "The purpose of this volume is to bring together various analyses by international scholars of the social and cultural impact of information technology on individuals and societies (preface, n.p.). It grew from the First International Conference on Human Perspectives in the Internet Society held in Cadiz, Spain, in 2004. The editors and contributors have addressed an impressive array of significant issues with rigorous research and insightful analysis although the resulting volume does suffer from the usual unevenness in depth and content that affects books based on conference proceedings. Although the $256 price is prohibitive for many individual scholars, the effort to obtain a library edition for perusal regarding particular areas of interest is likely to prove worthwhile. Unlike many international conferences that are able to attract scholars from only a handful of nations, this genuinely diverse conference included research conducted in Australia, Beijing, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, England, Fiji, Germany, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Norway, Russia, Scotland, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United States. The expense of a conference format and governmental travel restrictions may have precluded greater inclusion of the work being done to develop information technology for use in nonindustrialized nations in support of economic, social justice, and political movements. Although the cultural variants among these nations preclude direct cross-cultural comparisons, many papers carefully provide sufficient background information to make basic conceptual transfers possible. A great strength of the work is the unusual combination of academic disciplines that contributes substantially to the depth of many individual papers, particularly when they are read within the larger context of the entire volume. Although complete professional affiliations are not universally available, the authors who did name their affiliation come from widely divergent disciplines including accounting, business administration, architecture, business computing, communication, computing, economics, educational technology, environmental management, experimental psychology, gender research in computer science, geography, human work sciences, humanistic informatics, industrial engineering, information management, informatics in transport and telecommunications, information science, information technology, management, mathematics, organizational behavior, pedagogy, psychology, telemedicine, and women's education. This is all to the good, but the lack of representation from departments of women's studies, gender studies, and library studies certainly limits the breadth and depth of the perspectives provided.
The volume is organized into 13 sections, each of which contains between two and eight conference papers. As with most conferences, the papers do not cover the issues in each section with equal weight or depth but the editors have grouped papers into reasonable patterns. Section 1 covers "understanding online behavior" with eight papers on problems such as e-learning attitudes, the neuropsychology of HCI, Japanese blogger motivation, and the dividing line between computer addiction and high engagement. Sections 2 (personality and computer attitudes), 3 (cyber interactions), and 4 (new interaction methods) each contain only two papers on topics such as helmet-mounted displays, online energy audits, and the use of ICT in family life. Sections 6, 7, and 8 focus on gender issues with papers on career development, the computer literacy of Malaysian women, mentoring, gaming, and faculty job satisfaction. Sections 9 and 10 move to a broader examination of cyber society and its diversity concerns with papers on cultural identity, virtual architecture, economic growth's impact on culture, and Iranian development impediments. Section 11's two articles on advertising might well have been merged with those of section 13's ebusiness. Section 12 addressed education with papers on topics such as computer-assisted homework, assessment, and Web-based learning. It would have been useful to introduce each section with a brief definition of the theme, summaries of the major contributions of the authors, and analyses of the gaps that might be addressed in future conferences. Despite the aforementioned concerns, this volume does provide a uniquely rich array of technological analyses embedded in social context. An examination of recent works in related areas finds nothing that is this complex culturally or that has such diversity of disciplines. Cultural Production in a Digital Age (Klinenberg, 2005), Perspectives and Policies on ICT in Society (Berleur & Avgerou, 2005), and Social, Ethical, and Policy Implications of Information Technology (Brennan & Johnson, 2004) address various aspects of the society/Internet intersection but this volume is unique in its coverage of psychology, gender, and culture issues in cyberspace. The lip service often given to global concerns and the value of interdisciplinary analysis of intransigent social problems seldom develop into a genuine willingness to listen to unfamiliar research paradigms. Academic silos and cultural islands need conferences like this one-willing to take on the risk of examining the large questions in an intellectually open space. Editorial and methodological concerns notwithstanding, this volume merits review and, where appropriate, careful consideration across disciplines."

LCSH

Information technology / Psychological aspects / Congresses
Information technology / Social aspects / Congresses
Information technology / Economic aspects / Congresses
Internet / Social aspects / Congresses

Subject

Information technology / Psychological aspects / Congresses
Information technology / Social aspects / Congresses
Information technology / Economic aspects / Congresses
Internet / Social aspects / Congresses

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Classification

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

DDC

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

Footnote

Part III, "Privacy and Information Control," has four articles and three discussion cases beginning with an 1890 article from the Harvard Law Review, "The Right to Privacy," written by Samuel A Warren and Louis D. Brandeis. Moore then includes an article debating whether people own their genes, an article on caller I.D., and an article on computer surveillance. While all four articles pose some very interesting questions, Margaret Everett's article "The Social Life of Genes: Privacy, Property, and the New Genetics" is incredible. She does a great job of demonstrating how advances in genetics have led to increased concerns over ownership and privacy of genetic codes. For instance, if someone's genetic code predisposes them to a deadly disease, should insurance companies have access to that information? Part IV, "Freedom of Speech and Information Control," has three articles and two discussion cases that examine speech and photography issues. Moore begins this section with Kent Greenawalt's "Rationales for Freedom of Speech," which looks at a number of arguments favoring free speech. Then the notion of free speech is carried over into the digital world in "Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: A Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society" by Jack M. Balkin. At 59 pages, this is the work's longest article and demonstrates how complex the digital environment has made freedom of speech issues. Finally, Part V, "Governmental and Societal Control of Information," contains three articles and three discussion cases which provide an excellent view into the conflict between security and privacy. For instance, the first article, "Carnivore, the FBI's E-mail Surveillance System: Devouring Criminals, Not Privacy" by Griffin S. Durham, examines the FBI's e-mail surveillance program called Carnivore. Durham does an excellent job of demonstrating that Carnivore is a necessary and legitimate system used in limited circumstances and with a court order. Librarians will find the final article in the book, National Security at What Price? A Look into Civil Liberty Concerns in the Information Age under the USA Patriot Act by Jacob R. Lilly, of particular interest. In this article, Lilly uses historical examples of events that sacrificed civil liberties for national security such as the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II and the McCarthyism of the Cold War era to examine the PATRIOT Act.

LCSH

Communication / Moral and ethical aspects
Information technology / Social aspects

Subject

Communication / Moral and ethical aspects
Information technology / Social aspects

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Abstract

Libraries have always been an inspiration for the standards and technologies developed by semantic web activities. However, except for the Dublin Core specification, semantic web and social networking technologies have not been widely adopted and further developed by major digital library initiatives and projects. Yet semantic technologies offer a new level of flexibility, interoperability, and relationships for digital repositories. Kruk and McDaniel present semantic web-related aspects of current digital library activities, and introduce their functionality; they show examples ranging from general architectural descriptions to detailed usages of specific ontologies, and thus stimulate the awareness of researchers, engineers, and potential users of those technologies. Their presentation is completed by chapters on existing prototype systems such as JeromeDL, BRICKS, and Greenstone, as well as a look into the possible future of semantic digital libraries. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in areas like digital libraries, the semantic web, social networks, and information retrieval. This audience will benefit from detailed descriptions of both today's possibilities and also the shortcomings of applying semantic web technologies to large digital repositories of often unstructured data.

Content

Inhalt: Introduction to Digital Libraries and Semantic Web: Introduction / Bill McDaniel and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Digital Libraries and Knowledge Organization / Dagobert Soergel - Semantic Web and Ontologies / Marcin Synak, Maciej Dabrowski and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Social Semantic Information Spaces / John G. Breslin A Vision of Semantic Digital Libraries: Goals of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel - Architecture of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Westerki and Ewelina Kruk - Long-time Preservation / Markus Reis Ontologies for Semantic Digital Libraries: Bibliographic Ontology / Maciej Dabrowski, Macin Synak and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Community-aware Ontologies / Slawomir Grzonkowski, Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Gzella, Jakub Demczuk and Bill McDaniel Prototypes of Semantic Digital Libraries: JeromeDL: The Social Semantic Digital Library / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Mariusz Cygan, Adam Gzella, Tomasz Woroniecki and Maciej Dabrowski - The BRICKS Digital Library Infrastructure / Bernhard Haslhofer and Predrag Knezevié - Semantics in Greenstone / Annika Hinze, George Buchanan, David Bainbridge and Ian Witten Building the Future - Semantic Digital Libraries in Use: Hyperbooks / Gilles Falquet, Luka Nerima and Jean-Claude Ziswiler - Semantic Digital Libraries for Archiving / Bill McDaniel - Evaluation of Semantic and Social Technologies for Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Ewelina Kruk and Katarzyna Stankiewicz - Conclusions: The Future of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel

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Abstract

Web-related studies are a relatively new area of research. Tremendous growth continues in Web use, Web search engines, and Web sites. The interdisciplinary scope of Web research is broadening, and is now an important topic for publication in prestigious scientific journals such as Science and Nature. We are beginning to map the nature of users' Web interactions and the dimensions of better Web systems. However, researchers' and users struggle daily with the tough problems inherent in a system used for general interaction and e-commerce on a massive scale. This special issue of the Journal of the American Society for Information Sciences and Technology includes research articles that address key Web-related issues and problems. Individually and collectively, the articles provide a significant and substantial body of Web research. The diverse range of articles includes studies in Web searching, Web pages, and Web agents. Web searching research develops models of user behavior and conducts trends analysis of large-scale user data. Web page and system research centers on the development and testing of new algorithms, agents, Web page design, interfaces, and systems. Social and organizational impacts and aspects of the Web are not well represented in this special issue. A further special issue including social and organizational Web research is much needed

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Abstract

Held for the first time in the United States, the Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science (CoLIS4) is the fourth in the series of international conferences that bring together leading researchers from around the world. CoLIS4 provides a forum for critically exploring and analyzing library and information science as a discipline and as a field of research from historical, philosophical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives. The papers in this volume cover a wide variety of topics, presenting the latest research and information on new developments and new approaches to conceptual frameworks and methods in library and information science. Papers range from a re-examination of the core concepts to empirical studies, analyzing such areas as Web searching, information retrieval, informetrics, information behavior, aspects of learning, business intelligence, and information processing mechanisms. As library and information science is closely associated with a variety of other disciplines and its practice employs technologies that are changing rapidly, presenters focus on the old and the new, address theory and practice, and bridge diverse intellectual areas. From challenging existing approaches and proposing new ones to establishing models and reviewing methods-the presenters lead the way to change and further exploration.

Content

Another panel discussion, "The Dark Side of Information Technology," chaired by Victor Rosenberg, focused on the role of LIS in studying and ameliorating the contemporary social impact of technology and of information itself. Panelists Rosenberg, Paul Edwards, and David Levy asked what the social and psychological impact of information and its technologies means for how LIS studies people and collections as parts of information "systems." They suggested that LIS as a discipline is the logical forum for discussing the negative effects of technology and the less healthy aspects of information-its increasing ubiquity and volume, speedy proliferation, and invasive potential-as well as their demonstrated positive potential for applications in education and community-building. Several audience contributors, however, questioned the reality and "hype" of information overload and threats to human psychology and social values, and also reminded the attendees that new technologies and information encourage self-sufficiency and independence in developing countries. (Indeed, the global impact of information science and technologies was a theme of several conference papers, for example, in the studies of Erica Cosijn, Ari Pirkola, Theo Bothma, and Kalervo Järvelin of cross-lingual information access in indigenous languages and in Irene Wormell's study of the global dissemination of national and regional LIS journals by means of informetric analysis and the quantitative study of information flows.) With re-examination of such a broad range of interests, principles, methodologies, and applications of LIS currently taking place, CoLIS4 was in itself a demonstration of a spontaneous, collaborative "domain analysis." The CoLIS4 goal of providing a forum for just this sort of discussion was well realized.

Date

22. 2.2007 18:56:23
22. 2.2007 19:12:10

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Abstract

Metadata is a key aspect of our evolving infrastructure for information management, social computing, and scientific collaboration. DC-2008 will focus on metadata challenges, solutions, and innovation in initiatives and activities underlying semantic and social applications. Metadata is part of the fabric of social computing, which includes the use of wikis, blogs, and tagging for collaboration and participation. Metadata also underlies the development of semantic applications, and the Semantic Web - the representation and integration of multimedia knowledge structures on the basis of semantic models. These two trends flow together in applications such as Wikipedia, where authors collectively create structured information that can be extracted and used to enhance access to and use of information sources. Recent discussion has focused on how existing bibliographic standards can be expressed as Semantic Web vocabularies to facilitate the ingration of library and cultural heritage data with other types of data. Harnessing the efforts of content providers and end-users to link, tag, edit, and describe their information in interoperable ways ("participatory metadata") is a key step towards providing knowledge environments that are scalable, self-correcting, and evolvable. DC-2008 will explore conceptual and practical issues in the development and deployment of semantic and social applications to meet the needs of specific communities of practice.

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Classification

327.12 22

Content

Intelligence work and the information professions / Robert S. Taylor -- Spies of the airwaves / Norman Horrocks -- Intelligence work and information science : two men in a boat / David Batty -- The intelligence game : seeing is believing? / Robert Lee Chartrand -- Applications of information science to U.S. naval intelligence and narcotics intelligence, 1974-1992 / Emil Levine -- A life in the information trade / Charles T. Meadow -- Information management in MI5 before the age of the computer / Alistair Black and Rodney Brunt -- Some aspects of indexing in British intelligence, 1939-1945 / Rodney Brunt -- Intelligence agencies, librarians, and information scientists / Colin Burke -- Historical note on information science in wartime : pioneer documentation activities in World War II / Pamela Spence Richards -- Technology for open source government information and business intelligence / George L. Marling -- Knowledge transfer : information science shapes intelligencein the cold war era / Lee S. Strickland -- The information science and intelligence literature : an overview / Robert V. Williams -- Defining what information science is or should be : a survey and review of a half-century of published pronouncements / Ben-Ami Lipetz -- Wanted : a definition of "intelligence" / Michael Warner -- Evidence and inference in foreign intelligence / Maurice H. Hellner -- The zoo and the jungle : a comparison of the information practices of intelligence analysts and of scientists / Harold Wooster.

DDC

327.12 22

Footnote

This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.8, S.1130-1132 (S.R. Tompson): "The editors of This text in MIT Press' Digital Libraries and Electronic Publishing series deliberately view digital libraries (DLs) as "sociotechnical systems" - "networks of technology. information. documents, people and practices''. They allow an additional definition of "sociotechnical" as "an analytical stance that privileges neither the social nor the technological and in which neither is reducible to the other". This is an important definition, as it is the foundation of the contributors' sociological approach to digital libraries, an approach not typical of the DL literature which still focuses "largely on the technology itself". Bishop et al. have two stated goals for this volume: 1. "... to inform police and professional practice in DLs with socially grounded understanding of DLs as part of a web of social relations and practices. 2. "... to perform technically informed social analysis of phenomena of interest to social scientists that are highlighted by digital libraries. specifically issues of work, groups, and knowledge"."

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Abstract

This book provides relevant content in the areas of information retrieval systems, services, and research; covering topics such as social tagging, collaborative querying, social network analysis, subjective relevance judgments, and collaborative filtering. Answering the increasing demand for authoritative resources on Internet technologies, this will make an indispensable addition to any library collection

Content

Inhalt Collaborating to search effectively in different searcher modes through cues and specialty search / Naresh Kumar Agarwal and Danny C.C. Poo -- Collaborative querying using a hybrid content and results-based approach / Chandrani Sinha Ray ... [et al.] -- Collaborative classification for group-oriented organization of search results / Keiichi Nakata and Amrish Singh -- A case study of use-centered descriptions : archival descriptions of what can be done with a collection / Richard Butterworth -- Metadata for social recommendations : storing, sharing, and reusing evaluations of learning resources / Riina Vuorikari, Nikos Manouselis, and Erik Duval -- Social network models for enhancing reference-based search engine rankings / Nikolaos Korfiatis ... [et al.] -- From PageRank to social rank : authority-based retrieval in social information spaces / Sebastian Marius Kirsch ... [et al.] -- Adaptive peer-to-peer social networks for distributed content-based Web search / Le-Shin Wu ... [et al.] -- The ethics of social information retrieval / Brendan Luyt and Chu Keong Lee -- The social context of knowledge / Daniel Memmi -- Social information seeking in digital libraries / George Buchanan and Annika Hinze -- Relevant intra-actions in networked environments / Theresa Dirndorfer Anderson -- Publication and citation analysis as a tool for information retrieval / Ronald Rousseau -- Personalized information retrieval in a semantic-based learning environment / Antonella Carbonaro and Rodolfo Ferrini -- Multi-agent tourism system (MATS) / Soe Yu Maw and Myo-Myo Naing -- Hybrid recommendation systems : a case study on the movies domain / Konstantinos Markellos ... [et al.].

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the joint 6th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2007, and the 2nd Asian Semantic Web Conference, ASWC 2007, held in Busan, Korea, in November 2007. The 50 revised full academic papers and 12 revised application papers presented together with 5 Semantic Web Challenge papers and 12 selected doctoral consortium articles were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 257 submitted papers to the academic track and 29 to the applications track. The papers address all current issues in the field of the semantic Web, ranging from theoretical and foundational aspects to various applied topics such as management of semantic Web data, ontologies, semantic Web architecture, social semantic Web, as well as applications of the semantic Web. Short descriptions of the top five winning applications submitted to the Semantic Web Challenge competition conclude the volume.

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Abstract

Social Software Anwendungen wie Wikis, Weblogs oder Social-Networking-Plattformen sind ein integraler Bestandteil der Weiterentwicklungen des Internets. Zur Nutzung kommen diese Anwendungen aus dem Bedürfnis heraus, Wissen zu sammeln, bereitzustellen und zu verteilen bzw. Communities aufzubauen und ihnen Raum zum Austausch zu geben. Worin liegt nun aber der Nutzen des Web 2.0 für Unternehmen? Im Rahmen dieses Buches werden von rund 30 Autoren aus Wissenschaft und Praxis vier große Themenbereiche behandelt, um sich der Beantwortung dieser Frage zu nähern.Im Einführungsteil werden die Grundlagen gelegt und unterschiedliche Social-Software-Anwendungen wie Wikis, Weblogs oder Social Bookmarking erläutert. Im darauf folgenden Abschnitt rücken die Potenziale der Anwendung in Unternehmen und die Wissensarbeiter als Nutzer in den Fokus. Welche Unternehmenskultur und Kompetenzen sind notwendig, um effizient mit Social Software im Unternehmen arbeiten zu können? Wie wird Social Software im Unternehmen eingeführt?Der dritte Teil des Buches befasst sich mit konkreten Anwendungsfällen in Unternehmen. Fallstudien aus großen und kleinen Unternehmen wie z.B. IBM, Deutsche Bahn, Opel, SUN Microsystems und der PSI AG veranschaulicht. Im abschließenden Teil werden zukünftige Entwicklungen ausgelotet und Visionen gewagt.

Footnote

Rez. in: IWP 60(1009) H.4, S.245-246 (C. Wolff): "Der von Andrea Back (St. Gallen), Norbert Gronau (Potsdam) und Klaus Tochtermann herausgegebene Sammelband "Web 2.0 in der Unternehmenspraxis" verbindet in schlüssiger Weise die systematische Einführung in die Themen Web 2.0 und social software mit der Darstellung von Möglichkeiten, solche neuen Informationssysteme für Veränderungen im Unternehmen zu nutzen und zeigt dies anhand einer ganzen Reihe einzelner Fallstudien auf. Auch zukünftige Anwendungen wie das social semantic web werden als Entwicklungschance erörtert. In einer knappen Einleitung werden kurz die wesentlichen Begriffe wie Web 2.0, social software oder "Enterprise 2.0" eingeführt und der Aufbau des Bandes wird erläutert. Das sehr viel umfangreichere zweite Kapitel führt in die wesentlichen Systemtypen der social software ein: Erläutert werden Wikis, Weblogs, Social Bookmarking, Social Tagging, Podcasting, Newsfeeds, Communities und soziale Netzwerke sowie die technischen Besonderheiten von social software. Die Aufteilung ist überzeugend, für jeden Systemtyp werden nicht nur wesentliche Funktionen, sondern auch typische Anwendungen und insbesondere das Potenzial zur Nutzung im Unternehmen, insbesondere mit Blick auf Fragen des Wissensmanagements erläutert. Teilweise können die Autoren auch aktuelle Nutzungsdaten der Systeme ergänzen. Auch wenn bei der hohen Entwicklungsdynamik der social software-Systeme ständig neue Formen an Bedeutung gewinnen, vermag die Einteilung der Autoren zu überzeugen.
Das dritte Kapitel "Social Software als Treiber für Veränderungen im Unternehmen" hat eine Brückenfunktion zwischen der systematischen Systemeinführung und den konkreten Fallstudien zum praktischen Einsatz von social software, da hier zunächst systematische das Potenzial des social software-Einsatzes skizziert wird. Dabei arbeiten die Autoren wesentliche Faktoren für den Einsatz elektronischer Kommunikationsmedien heraus und diskutieren ausführlich den Zusammenhang zwischen Produktivität der Wissensarbeit und Chancen der social software-Nutzung. Erste Fallstudien (Communities in der Medienbranche, Alumnimanagement bei großen Unternehmen, Crowdsourcing als Verfahren der Wissensgewinnung, Einsatz sozialer Geotagging-Systeme, Strategien zum Aufbau von Unternehmenswikis) zeigen mögliche Einsatzstrategien im Unternehmen auf und fokussieren jeweils auf eine spezifische Funktion einer social software-Anwendung. Der vierte Teil stellt anhand mehrerer großer Fallstudien konkrete Einsatzszenerien für social software-Formen wie Wikis und Blogs vor. Dabei sind die Studien in unterschiedlichen Unternehmenstypen angesiedelt: Großkonzerne wie die Deutsche Bahn AG (Wissensmanagement in der Managementberatung mit Wikis), die Siemens AG (Einsatz von Mitarbeiter-Blogs) oder die Adam Opel AG (Podcasts in der Vertriebsschulung) finden ebenso Beachtung wie Software-Firmen (PSI AG: Wiki als Intranet-Anwendung, Sun Microsystems: Wikis und Blogs) oder IT-Mittelständler (Namics AG: Einsatz von Blogs im Unternehmen). Die sehr plastisch beschriebenen Fallstudien machen sowohl die Breite der Einsatzmöglichkeiten als auch die Vielfalt des Lösungsangebotes und der bei der Umsetzung auftretenden Probleme deutlich. Wünschenswert wäre ein noch einheitlicherer Aufbau der Studien, der eine bessere Vergleichbarkeit gewährleisten würde.
Illustrieren die Fallstudien den aktuellen state-of-the-art vor allem großer Unernehmen, so geht das fünfte und abschließende Kapitel unter der Überschrift "Visionen und Trends" auf zukünftige Entwicklungen ein. Dabei stellen die Autoren zunächst das Verfahren der (Netzwerkanalyse vor, die einen Beitrag zum Verständnis von Struktur, Entwicklungsdynamik und Nutzung großer sozialer Netzwerke liefern kann, und schildern dann am praktischen Beispiel einer Großbäckerei den Ansatz einer living corporate landscape (Unternehmenslandkarte 2.0). Bei beiden Beispielen steht aber weniger der Einsatz von social software an sich im Vordergrund, sondern eher der Einsatz innovativer (Daten-)analytischer Verfahren und Repräsentationen, ggf. mit Bezug zu bestehenden social software-Anwendungen. Insofern wird deutlich, dass sich social software mit anderen Anwendungen im Bereich business intelligence koppeln lässt und so ein Mehrwert für die Unternehmen erzeugt werden kann. Zu den weiteren Technologien, die zukünftig social software-Anwendungen ergänzen können, zählen die Autoren virtuelle Welten und das semantic web, wodurch auch die Bandbreite künftiger Technologiekoppelungen im Umfeld der social software deutlich wird. Ein Glossar und ein sehr ausführliches Literaturverzeichnis runden den Band ab. Den Autoren gelingt es, anhand einer Vielzahl von Einzelstudien den aktuellen Stand des Einsatzes von Web 2.0-Anwendungen im Unternehmen darzustellen. Dass dabei tendenziell Großunternehmen im Mittelpunkt stehen, kann kaum verwundern, da anzunehmen ist, dass diese eher die Ressourcen verfügbaren haben, um solche Lösungen umzusetzen - und gleichzeitig mit der Unternehmensgröße auch die Dringlichkeit von Wissensmanagement-Maßnahmen wächst. Ungeachtet dieser Tatsache dürfte der Band aber gerade auch für kleinere Unternehmen oder Institutionen von Interesse sein, die aus den konkreten Erfahrungen, die in den Fallstudien geschildert werden, lernen wollen und sich dies für eigene Vorhaben zu Nutze machen wollen. Dabei ist der Band allerdings weniger ein Vademecum für die konkrete Umsetzung eines Web 2.0-Projektes, sondern dient der Einarbeitung in die heterogene Szenerie des derzeitigen Web 2.0-Einsatzes."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.5, S.723-724 (P. Galloway): "This collection consists of 14 chapters that bring together the two universes of discourse named in the title. Social Capital and Information Technology, under the editorship of a sociologist (Marleen Huysman) and a computer scientist (Volker Wulf) who had both begun to see the importance of social ties to the success of knowledge management/ knowledge sharing systems when they met and shared their interests. Its aim is chiefly to introduce the concept of social capital to information scientists and to demonstrate through a series of case studies how it can serve to explain the success or failure of information and communication technology systems, and even to assist in the building or improvement of such systems. Case studies range across many fields: KarEllen Bear Dog breeders' databases, multiple-sport athletes' newsgroups. a network supporting Iranian NGOs, B2B software for geographical business clusters, and after-.school computer labs for children. Of the papers gathered here most were presented at an Amsterdam workshop in 2002 focused on knowledge management and social capital, whereas a few others, concentrating more directly on societal issues, were invited by the editors to leaven the mix. The result is a readable collection that marks a promising hybrid direction in information research, still characterized by what the Editors term an "absolute lack of closure." The influence of knowledge management and informal learning threads is dominant, because the unit of analysis in all the studies is a definable user community. Examples all assume networked environ-ments and computer-mediated communication. though they do not always prove that such technologies are the best way to solve problems. The network, however, is the bridging metaphor between the social and the technological.
The book is divided into three sections reflecting three main streams of research. After a cogent general review of the literature by the editors, the first section. "Social Capital in Civic Engagement.. shows how information technologies can alter existing social contexts, sometimes reinforcing existing ties, sometimes discouraging others. In this section the standout essay by Anita Blanched examines a newsgroup for multiple-sport athletes and shows that much of the continuing effectiveness of their technology-mediated communication stems from face-to-face contacts. established by some of the members, whose effects enter recursively into the ongoing online community dialogue. The second section, "Social Capital in Knowledge Sharing," is strong on the knowledge management problem of knowledge sharing: how to get people together who need to exchange knowledge hut have no prior awareness of each other. Bart van den Hooff. Jan de Ridder. and Eline Aukema in "Exploring the Eagerness to Share Knowledge." offer the interesting finding that knowledge sharing may depend more significantly on the eagerness of some members of a network to share than on the more passive willingness to share. More abstractly but quite fundamentally for the hook. Huysman offers an essay making the case for social capital analysis as a prerequisite for system design. effectively articulating the often compartmentalized information technology. management. and individual learning issues in the knowledge sharing problem. The final section, "Applications of IT." focuses on established applications, most involved with informal learning. ... Nevertheless. there is much in the volume of interest to information systems designers and students of information science. The general emphasis on the social context of information systems as a major element in their effectiveness, although not stunningly new, is nevertheless usefully operationalized through the concept of social capital, and the wealth of examples and compendium of references brought together in this hook make it a useful tool for gaining access to the approach and the relevant literature."

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Abstract

Are we at a turning point in digital information? The expansion of the internet was unprecedented; search engines dealt with it in the only way possible - scan as much as they could and throw it all into an inverted index. But now search engines are beginning to experiment with deep web searching and attention to taxonomies, and the semantic web is demonstrating how much more can be done with a computer if you give it knowledge. What does this mean for the skills and focus of the information science (or sciences) community? Should information designers and information managers work more closely to create computer based information systems for more effective retrieval? Will information science become part of computer science and does the rise of the term informatics demonstrate the convergence of information science and information technology - a convergence that must surely develop in the years to come? Issues and questions such as these are reflected in this monograph, a collection of essays written by some of the most pre-eminent contributors to the discipline. These peer reviewed perspectives capture insights into advances in, and facets of, information science, a profession in transition. With an introduction from Jack Meadows the key papers are: Meeting the challenge, by Brian Vickery; The developing foundations of information science, by David Bawden; The last 50 years of knowledge organization, by Stella G Dextre Clarke; On the history of evaluation in IR, by Stephen Robertson; The information user, by Tom Wilson A; The sociological turn in information science, by Blaise Cronin; From chemical documentation to chemoinformatics, by Peter Willett; Health informatics, by Peter A Bath; Social informatics and sociotechnical research, by Elisabeth Davenport; The evolution of visual information retrieval, by Peter Enser; Information policies, by Elizabeth Orna; Disparity in professional qualifications and progress in information handling, by Barry Mahon; Electronic scholarly publishing and open access, by Charles Oppenheim; Social software: fun and games, or business tools? by Wendy A Warr; and, Bibliometrics to webometrics, by Mike Thelwall. This monograph previously appeared as a special issue of the "Journal of Information Science", published by Sage. Reproduced here as a monograph, this important collection of perspectives on a skill set in transition from a prestigious line-up of authors will now be available to information studies students worldwide and to all those working in the information science field.

Content

Inhalt: Fifty years of UK research in information science - Jack Meadows / Smoother pebbles and the shoulders of giants: the developing foundations of information science - David Bawden / The last 50 years of knowledge organization: a journey through my personal archives - Stella G. Dextre Clarke / On the history of evaluation in IR - Stephen Robertson / The information user: past, present and future - Tom Wilson / The sociological turn in information science - Blaise Cronin / From chemical documentation to chemoinformatics: 50 years of chemical information science - Peter Willett / Health informatics: current issues and challenges - Peter A. Bath / Social informatics and sociotechnical research - a view from the UK - Elisabeth Davenport / The evolution of visual information retrieval - Peter Enser / Information policies: yesterday, today, tomorrow - Elizabeth Orna / The disparity in professional qualifications and progress in information handling: a European perspective - Barry Mahon / Electronic scholarly publishing and Open Access - Charles Oppenheim / Social software: fun and games, or business tools ? - Wendy A. Warr / Bibliometrics to webometrics - Mike Thelwall / How I learned to love the Brits - Eugene Garfield

Date

22. 2.2013 11:35:35

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Abstract

Interdisciplinarity draws its strength from the ontological view that reality may be explained from various different angles that permit interpretation of phenomena in a more complete way without becoming mere eclecticism. From an epistemological point of view, interdisciplinarity attempts to unify the field of action of the disciplines that study social facts and phenomena. It has no intention of achieving a priori integration of the paradigms of knowledge. Rather, its efforts are aimed at the enrichment and rational exchanging of the methods of various disciplines, to some extent independently of the categories specific to each science, in order to improve study of reality. Transdisciplinarity, for its part, simultaneously covers what lies between disciplines, cuts across various disciplines or goes beyond any discipline. Its aim is to understand the present world, one essential feature of which is the unity of knowledge. Transdisciplinary research is in no way antagonistic to multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research, but rather is complementary to it.

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: García Marco, F.J. et al.: Proyectos internacionales de reforma y ampliación de las normas sobre tesauros para su adaptación a los nuevos contextos de integración e interoperabilidad en el entorno digital; De Beer, C.S.: Knowledge is everywhere: a philosophical exploration; Hajdu Barát, Á.: Heisenberg and the structure of conceptcontent and dimension; López-Huertas, M.J.: Gestión del conocimiento multidimensional en los sistemas de organización del conocimiento; Sánchez Gómez, L., Campos Havidich, M.: The idealist paradigm in knowledge representation; González Alcaide, G., et al.: Ámbitos de investigación y colaboració entre disciplinas en la producción científica española sobre abuso de sustancias; Yukimo Kobashio, N., Santos, R.N.M.: Information organization and representation by graphic devices: an interdisciplinary approach; Gnoli, C., Bosch, M., Mazzocchi, F.: A new relationship for multidisciplinary knowledge organization systems: dependence; González de Gómez, M.N., Goyannes Dill Orrico, E., Graciosa, L.: Grupos de investigación interdisciplinaria: flujos transversals de información; Rodríguez López, M. Del C., Santos de Paz, L., Gallego Lorenzo, J., Morán Suárez, M.A.: La red social conocimiento para la inmigración: el caso de Castilla y León; Ferrer Morillo, L.M., Portillo de Hernández, R.: Tesauros transdisciplinarios: del reduccionismo científico a la unidad del conocimiento; Guimarães, J.A.C. et al.: Los valores éticos en organización y representación del conocimiento (ORC); Davies, S.: Mediating knowledge across the activities of information science; Borrego Díaz, J., Chávez González, A.M.: Anomalías en ontologías provisionales; Bräscher, M., Monteiro, F., Silva, A.: Life cycle assessment ontology; Szotak, R.: Interdisciplinarity and the classification of scholarly documents by phenomena, theories and methods; Polsinelli Rubi, M., Spotti Lopes Fujita, M.: La política de indización en la perspectiva del conocimiento organizacional; Gutiérrez García, B., Rodríguez Yunta, L., Román Román, A.: Bases de datos bibliográficas y clasificación de revistas científicas: problemas de la interisciplinariedad para la automatización de procesos; Rodríguez Isaías García, F.,
Benavides, C., Aláiz, H., Alfonso, J., Alonso, Á.: An ontology for control engineering; Ferreira de Oliveira, M.F., Schiessl, M.: Estimate of the distance between areas of an organization using the concept of interlinguistic distance; Lara, M.G.L. de.: Ciencias del lenguaje, terminología y ciencia de la información: relaciones interdisciplinarias y transdisciplinariedad; Moreiro González, J.A.: Evolución paralela de los lenguajes documentales y la terminología; Triska, R.: Artificial intelligence, classification theory and the uncertainty reduction process; Casari Boccato, V.R., Spotti Lopes Fujita, M.: Aproximación cualitativa-cognitiva como método de evaluación de lenguajes documentales: una técnica de protocolo verbal; De Brito Neves, D.A., De Albuquerque, M.E.B.C.: Biblioteca digital un convergencia multidisciplinar; Miranda, A., Simeão, E.: Aspectos interdisciplinarios y tecnológicos de la autoría colectiva e individual; San Segundo, R.: Incidencia de aspectos culturales y siciales en la organización del conocimento transdisciplinar; Barber, E., et al.: Los catálogos en línea de acceso público disponibles en entorno web de las bibliotecas universitarias y especializadas en Argentina y Brasil: diagnóstico de situación; Forsman, M.: Diffusion of a new concept: the case of social capital; Pajor, E.: Una aplicación de topic map que puede ser un modelo posible; Moreiro González, J.A., Franco Álvarez, G., Garcia Martul, D.: Un vocabulario controlado para una hemerotecá: posibilidades y características de los topicsets; Cavalcanti de Miranda, M.L.: Organización y representación del conocimiento: fundamentos teóricos y metológicos para la recuperación de la información en entornos virtuales; Moacir Francelin, M.: Espacios de significación y representación del conocimiento: un análisis sobre teorias y métodos de organización de conceptos en ciencia de la información; Spiteri, L.: The structure and form of folksonomy tags: the road to the public library catalogue;
Diez Diez, Á., Blanes Peiro, J.J., Rodríguez Sedano, F.J.: Diseño e implementación de un sistema de gestión de la actividad docente; Simon, J.: Probing concepts: knowledge and information as boundary objects in interdisciplinary discourse; Santiago Bufrem, L., Breda, S.M., Viana Sorribas, T.: The presence of logic in the domain of knowledge organization: interdisciplinary aspects of college curricula, Pluzhenskaia, M.. Research collaboration of Library and Information Science (LIS) schools# faculty members with LIS and non-LIS advanced degrees: multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary trends; Agrasso Neto, M., França de Abreu, A.: Modelo de servicio de referencia e información para portal de conocimiento de grupos de investigación; Ayuso García, M.D., Martínez Navarro, V.: Alfabetización informacional y servicios de referencia virtual; Barrionuevo Almuzara, L., Marsá Vila, M.: La biblioteca universitaria de Léon: pasos hacia la convergencia Europea; Lúcia Terra, A., Sá, S.: La recuperación de la información en la biblioteca escolar: la necesidad de competencias transdisciplinares; Vangari, V.M.: User-centred systems of information retrieval in the digital era; De Fátima Loureiro, M.: Information organization and visualization in cyberspace: interdisciplinary study based on concept maps

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Abstract

Teile und sammle könnte der moderne Leitspruch für das Phänomen Social Tagging heißen. Die freie und kollaborative Verschlagwortung digitaler Ressourcen im Internet gehört zu den Anwendungen aus dem Kontext von Web 2.0, die sich zunehmender Beliebtheit erfreuen. Der 2003 gegründete Social Bookmarking Dienst Del.icio.us und die 2004 entstandene Bildersammlung Flickr waren erste Anwendungen, die Social Tagging anboten und noch immer einen Großteil der Nutzer/innen an sich binden. Beim Blick in die Literatur wird schnell deutlich, dass Social Tagging polarisiert: Von Befürwortern wird es als eine Form der innovativen Wissensorganisation gefeiert, während Skeptiker die Dienste des Web 2.0 inklusive Social Tagging als globale kulturelle Bedrohung verdammen. Launischer Hype oder Quantensprung was ist dran am Social Tagging? Mit der Zielsetzung, mehr über die Erwartungen, Anwendungsbereiche und Nutzungsweisen zu erfahren, wurde im Frühjahr 2008 am Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM) in Tübingen ein Workshop der Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft (GMW) durchgeführt. Die vorliegende Publikation fasst die Ergebnisse der interdisziplinären Veranstaltung zusammen.

Content

- Theoretische Ansätze und empirische Untersuchungen Stefanie Panke & Birgit Gaiser: "With my head up in the clouds" - Social Tagging aus Nutzersicht Christoph Held& Ulrike Cress: Social Tagging aus kognitionspsychologischer Sicht Michael Derntl, Thorsten Hampel, Renate Motschnig & Tomas Pitner: Social Tagging und Inclusive Universal Access - Einsatz von Tagging in Hochschulen und Bibliotheken Christian Hänger: Good tags or bad tags? Tagging im Kontext der bibliothekarischen Sacherschließung Mandy Schiefner: Social Tagging in der universitären Lehre Michael Blank, Thomas Bopp, Thorsten Hampel & Jonas Schulte: Social Tagging = Soziale Suche? Andreas Harrer & Steffen Lohmann: Potenziale von Tagging als partizipative Methode für Lehrportale und E-Learning-Kurse Harald Sack & Jörg Waitelonis: Zeitbezogene kollaborative Annotation zur Verbesserung der inhaltsbasierten Videosuche - Kommerzielle Anwendungen von Tagging Karl Tschetschonig, Roland Ladengruber, Thorsten Hampel & Jonas Schulte: Kollaborative Tagging-Systeme im Electronic Commerce Tilman Küchler, Jan M. Pawlowski & Volker Zimmermann: Social Tagging and Open Content: A Concept for the Future of E-Learning and Knowledge Management? Stephan Schillenvein: Der .Business Case' für die Nutzung von Social Tagging in Intranets und internen Informationssystemen
- Tagging im Semantic Web Benjamin Birkenhake: Semantic Weblog. Erfahrungen vom Bloggen mit Tags und Ontologien Simone Braun, Andreas Schmidt, Andreas Walter & Valentin Zacharias: Von Tags zu semantischen Beziehungen: kollaborative Ontologiereifung Jakob Voß: Vom Social Tagging zum Semantic Tagging Georg Güntner, Rolf Sint & Rupert Westenthaler: Ein Ansatz zur Unterstützung traditioneller Klassifikation durch Social Tagging Viktoria Pammer, Tobias Ley & Stefanie Lindstaedt: tagr: Unterstützung in kollaborativen Tagging-Umgebungen durch Semantische und Assoziative Netzwerke Matthias Quasthoff Harald Sack & Christoph Meinet: Nutzerfreundliche Internet-Sicherheit durch tag-basierte Zugriffskontrolle

Footnote

Enthält die Beiträge der Tagung "Social Tagging in der Wissensorganisation" am 21.-22.02.2008 am Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM) in Tübingen. Volltext unter: http://www.waxmann.com/kat/inhalt/2039Volltext.pdf. Vgl. die Rez. unter: http://sehepunkte.de/2008/11/14934.html. Rez. in: IWP 60(1009) H.4, S.246-247 (C. Wolff): "Tagging-Systeme erfreuen sich in den letzten Jahren einer ungemein großen Beliebtheit, erlauben sie dem Nutzer doch die Informationserschließung "mit eigenen Worten", also ohne Rekurs auf vorgegebene Ordnungs- und Begriffsysteme und für Medien wie Bild und Video, für die herkömmliche Verfahren des Information Retrieval (noch) versagen. Die Beherrschung der Film- und Bilderfülle, wie wir sie bei Flickr oder YouTube vorfinden, ist mit anderen Mitteln als dem intellektuellen Einsatz der Nutzer nicht vorstellbar - eine professionelle Aufbereitung angesichts der Massendaten (und ihrer zu einem großen Teil auch minderen Qualität) nicht möglich und sinnvoll. Insofern hat sich Tagging als ein probates Mittel der Erschließung herausgebildet, das dort Lücken füllen kann, wo andere Verfahren (Erschließung durch information professionals, automatische Indexierung, Erschließung durch Autoren) fehlen oder nicht anwendbar sind. Unter dem Titel "Good Tags - Bad Tags. Social Tagging in der Wissensorganisation" und der Herausgeberschaft von Birgit Gaiser, Thorsten Hampel und Stefanie Panke sind in der Reihe Medien in der Wissenschaft (Bd. 47) Beiträge eines interdisziplinären Workshops der Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft zum Thema Tagging versammelt, der im Frühjahr 2008 am Institut für Wissensmedien in Tübingen stattgefunden hat. . . .
Kommentar M. Buzinkay: "Bibliotheken werden um Social Tagging nicht herum kommen, da schlichtweg die Kapazitäten für eine inhaltliche Erschließung fehlen. Stattdessen wäre es von Notwendigkeit, Normdateien zum Bestandteil des Tagging zu machen. Verfehlt wäre es, auf die bibliothekarische Erschließung zu verzichten, weil das zu Lasten des Verhältnisses von Recall und Precision gehen würde." (In: http://www.buzinkay.net/blog-de/2009/05/buchrezension-good-tags-bad-tags/)

RSWK

Wissensorganisation / Social Tagging / Aufsatzsammlung

Subject

Wissensorganisation / Social Tagging / Aufsatzsammlung

Theme

Social tagging

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 54(2003) no.10, S.982-983 (L. Schamber): "This book is the most recent of only about half a dozen research methods textbooks published for information science since 1980. Like the others, it is directed toward students and information professionals at an introductory level. Unlike the others, it describes an unusually wide variety of research methods, especially qualitative methods. This book is Australian, with a concern for human behavior in keeping with that country's reputation for research in the social sciences and development of qualitative data analysis software. The principal author is Kirsty Williamson, who wrote or co-wrote half the chapters. Eleven other authors contributed: Amanda Bow, Frada Burstein, Peta Darke, Ross Harvey, Graeme Johanson, Sue McKemmish, Majola Oosthuizen, Solveiga Saule, Don Schauder, Graeme Shanks, and Kerry Tanner. These writers, most of whom are affiliated with Monash University or Charles Sturt University, represent multidisciplinary and international backgrounds. The field they call information management and systems merges interests of information management or information studies (including librarianship, archives, and records management), and information systems, a subdiscipline of computing that focuses an information and communication technologies. The stated purpose of the book is to help information professionals become informed and critical consumers of research, not necessarily skilled researchers. It is geared toward explaining not only methodology, but also the philosophy, relevance, and process of research as a whole. The Introduction and Section 1 establish these themes. Chapter 1, an research and professional practice, explains the value of research for solving practical problems, maintaining effective Services, demonstrating accountability, and generally contributing to useful knowledge in the field. Chapter 2 an major research traditions presents a broad picture of positivist and interpretivist paradigms, along with a middle ground of post-positivism, in such a way as to help the new researcher grasp the assumptions underlying research. Woven into this Chapter is an explanation of how quantitative and qualitative methods complement each other, and how methodological triangulation provides confirmatory benefits. Chapter 3 offers instructions for beginning a research project, from development of the research problem, questions, and hypotheses to understanding the role of theory and synthesizing the literature review. Chapter 4 an research ethics covers unethical use of power positions by researchers, falsifying data, and plagiarism, along with general information an human subjects protections and roles of ethics committees. It includes intriguing examples of ethics cases to stimulate discussion.
Sections 2 and 3 make a key distinction between research methods, which encompass the theories and purposes underlying research design, and research techniques, which are specific means for collectiog data. The rationale is that one research technique, such as interviewing, may be appropriate for more than one research method, such as survey or case study. In Section 2, eight chapters describe survey, case study, experimental, system development, action, ethnography, historical, and Delphi research methods. The methods progress roughly from most to least used in information science, and for the least used, the authors take pains to elucidate the means to achieving methodological rigor. Chapter 8 presents a noteworthy argument for legitimizing system development as a valid methodological approach within the larger content of information systems research. System development is seen as belonging to the cycle of theory to practice required to create effective information systems, a cycle that emphasizes human and social aspects as a necessary counterpoint to the obvious technological aspects. The four chapters in Section 3 discuss specific techniques that may be used with different methods. Chapter 13 an sampling summarizes probability and nonprobability sampling techniques and when they are appropriate. Chapter 14 describes the two most common data-collection techniques, questionnaires and Interviews, and Looks at their respective uses. Chapter 15 covers focus groups and Chapter 16 ethnographic techniques, including participant observation. Throughout Sections 2 and 3, attention is paid to the subtleties of collectiog data from people, such as ways to obtain access and avoid major types of biases. In Section 4 an data analysis, only Chapter 17 deals directly with analyzing quantitative and qualitative data. It does so in limited space by describing the general process for handling each type of data. This is followed by evaluating research publications in Chapter 18, which offers valuable advice for critically assessing studies that employ different methods. The last part of the book is a postscript with seven questions that invite readers to reflect an issues of focus and ethics, to become aware of their responsibility for approaching research conscientiously. Although these three parts together do not constitute a unified conclusion, each does provide thematic closure for presening chapters. Writing a book of this sort presents certain challenges that the authors have conspired to tackle through organization as well as content. One of these challenges is presenting vital and pervasive research issues. These are nicely bounded by the structure of the book, with philosophical, social, and ethical considerations introduced in Section 1, revisited in middle chapters, and reinforced in the postscript. A second challenge is untangling the complexities of interrelated research methods. Here the strategy of distinguishing between research methods and research techniques is carefully explained, but admittedly strained. In separate chapters, for instance, survey is presented as method, and questionnaire (commonly called survey) as technique; ethnography as method and as multiple techniques; Delphi as method when it is also technique; and focus group as technique when it is also method. A third challenge is deciding where to stop in a book of medium length. The introduction states that bibliometrics and content analysis are omitted, although Chapter 17 an data analysis does cover some content analytic techniques under the heading of qualitative analysis. And while software packages for analyzing quantitative and qualitative data are mentioned, computer-biaed techniques for data collection, such as transaction logs, are not. Generally, the authors favor discussion of more obtrusive approaches to data collection (excepting historical) and their concomitant issues of human interaction.
Despite its many authors, the book is remarkably consistent in tone, comprehensible, and easy-even enjoyable-to read. The chapters function as self-contained units, each beginning with learning objectives and ending with discussion questions, further reading, and references. The book contains numerous examples and graphics, a glossary, and an index. The examples, many drawn from the authors' own research, represent an impressive range of research problems. In this second edition, published just two years after the first, the chapter an research ethics and a set of author bios have been added. A few other improvements might have been made. First, the references could have been updated from the first edition. Second, the downside of having multiple authors is that the methods chapters vary in structure and emphasis, making it difficult to compare methods. It would be helpful to novice researchers to have some general criteria for choosing methods before they encounter these chapters. This could be done in Chapter 3 an beginning the research design process, which now Stops at the literature review. It would also help to explicitly list advantages and disadvantages in each methods chapter, as only half the chapters have such lists now. Although this book is not explicitly or exclusively devoted to qualitative methods, it fulfills a need for more coverage in that area in information science. It is sufficiently clear and readable for any level of university student, although for graduate students 1 would supplement it with selected skills readings. It is an excellent introductory resource that delivers lots of bang for the buck in relatively few pages, compared to tomes in other social sciences that are twice as expensive and contain twice as many pages of detail that may never be utilized."

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LCSH

Internet publishing / Economic aspects
Intellectual property / Economic aspects
Technological innovations / Economic aspects

Subject

Internet publishing / Economic aspects
Intellectual property / Economic aspects
Technological innovations / Economic aspects

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LCSH

Social networks

Subject

Social networks