Search (192 results, page 1 of 10)

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Abstract

Since the 1950s the Library of the Université Laval in Quebec has devoted a great deal of effort to its subject headings list, the Répertoire de vedettes-matière (RVM), an adaptation of LCSH. Sources from specialised thesauri such as MeSH and Art and Architecture (AAT) supplement the headings. Provides a brief historical overview of the RVM and describes the methodology for integrating AAT descriptions into RVM

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The AAT: its adaptation in French by the subject headings list team of Laval University

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Abstract

Summarises of a selection of the presentations and workshops under one of the main themes at the Association of Swiss Libraries and Librarians congress held in Yverdon, Sept 1998. Sessions covered comprise: workshop on stories in libraries (history of the tradition in French libraries and criteria for selecting material); oral and written traditions (presentation on continuing existence of various schools of interpretation e.g. mythological, anthropological, in relation to the importance of individual contact); and listening - reading - writing (presentation on links between these 3 forms of communication in the context of the challenge for libraries in the field of children's education)

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Abstract

After considerable delay, occasioned by the great variety of establishments to be consulted, the French agency AFNOR has produced a standard for fixed images. Its great flexibility allows for both a range of levels and types of treatment. The basic distinction made between a work and individual copies is especially suited to multiple copies produced from a single matrix

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Abstract

The future of standardization of bibliographic document processing depends a great deal upon electronic data processing techniques. Shows that the working out of library standards and their integration into data processing, telecommunications and optical disc storage techniques raises important questions regarding the professional habits of librarians

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Abstract

Users of international libraries, such as the UN library in Geneva, are themselves highly skilled in using electronic information sources and expect to have access to the most up to date equipment. The librarian/user relationship is thus cooperative, with the user often more expert in using new tools than the librarian. There is no formal network of international libraries, which stand outside overall information policies, though libraries such as those of the UN coordinate standards and activities. The role of the librarian in this context, as exemplified by the Genova library, embraces 3 functions: producer (creation of databases and bibliographies eg those of the Department of Human Rights); trainer (continuing education for both colleagues and users); and mediator (making information and documentation available to the public eg CD-ROM and video publications of archive material celebrating the UN's 50th anniversary). With increasing use of the Internet and the personalisation of information, the library is becoming more like a cafe, offering an information space for individualistic users

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The librarian user relation in the network of international libraries

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Abstract

Describes a study of journal use by students using university libraries for the purpose of preparing theses i.e. students who are both users and producers of information. The research was undertaken by a multidisciplinary group of researchers from information science, communication, education and economic geography from the Laboratoire d'études et de recherches appliquées en science de la societé (Laboratory for study and applied research in social science). Outlines the hypotheses concerning the team work of research students and their growth in self sufficiency thorugh user training and the methodology of the survey. Analyzes the results in terms of frequency and duration of library visits, personal subscriptions to journals, satisfaction and dissatisfaction and the demand for user training

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Date

1. 8.1996 22:01:00

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Indexing in the Internet era

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 33(2006) no.2, S. 120-121 (S. Ducheyne): "To the readers of this journal the founding founder of bibliography and information science, the Belgian Paul Otlet (1868-1944), ground-layer of the Universal Decimal Classification, anticipator of multimedia, virtual libraries, and the Internet, and co-inventor of the microfilm or, as it was originally called, "le Bibliophote" (p. 107) (an achievement he shares together with Robert Goldschmidt), scarcely needs introduction. Françoise Levie's new biography of Otlet embodies the research she has started with the production of the documentary of the same name (Sofidoc, 2002, 60 min.). It is impossible to give a chapter-bychapter overview of this informatively dense and beautifully illustrated book, which consists of twenty chapters, a concluding piece by Benoît Peeters, a very useful list and description of the pivotal figures in Otlet's life, and a list containing the locations of the sources consulted (an index is, unfortunately, not provided). I will therefore restrict myself by pointing to Levie's innovative contributions to our knowledge of Otlet and to topics that are of genuine interest to the readers of this journal. Levie's book is the result of a fascinating, worldwide quest into the remains of Otlet's work and his international connections. Ever since W Boyd Rayward's monumental 1975 The Universe of Information: The Work of Paul Otlet for Documentation and International Organization (Moscow: VINITI), this book is the second systematic survey of the Collections of the Mundaneum (now, after various peregrinations, preserved at Bergen/Mons, Belgium) (cf. pp. 339-340), which contains Otlet's private documents, the "Otletaneum". Sixty-eight unopened banana boxes were the main source of inspirations for Levie's research. Of special interest in this respect is Levie's discovery of Otlet's 1916 diary "le Cahier Blue". As these boxes were, at the time Levie conducted her research, not classified and as they were thereafter re-divided and re-classified, precise references to this collection are not provided and the text is simply quoted during the course of the book (p. 339). While this is perfectly understandable, I would have welcomed exact references to Otlet's main works such as, for instance, Traité de documentation and Monde, Essai d'universalisme which are also quoted without supplying further details.
Levie's focus is not exclusively on Otlet's contributions to bibliography and information science per se, but aims at offering a very complete, chronological overview of the life and work of Paul Otlet. Levie succeeds very well at documenting Otlet's personal and familial life, and offers ample socio-historical and political contextualisation of Otlet's activities (e.g. the interaction between Otlet's internationalist endeavours and the expansionist politics of King Leopold II (p. 59), and Otlet's ardent pacifism during World War I are relevantly highlighted (pp. 161176)). Levie begins by exploring Otlet's childhood days and by bringing into perspective some of the traits which are relevant to understand his later work. She shows how his father Edouard, an internationally active railway contractor, awoke a mondial awareness in the young Otlet (pp. 20-21) and how his encyclopaedic spirit for the first time found expression in a systematic inventory of the small Mediterranean isle his father bought (L'île du Levant, 1882) (p. 31). From the age of 16 Otlet suffered from a disorder of his literal memory (Otlet's personal testimony in the Cahier Blue, on p. 47), which might perhaps explain his lifelong obsession with completeness and accuracy. Of special interest to the readers of this journal are chapter 4, in which Otlet's and Henri Lafontaine's adaptation of Melvil Dewey's Decimal Classification and the origin of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is discussed in extenso (pp. 5170; also see chapter 6, p. 98 for Otlet's attempt at a universal iconographical index) and chapter 17, in which Traité de documentation (1934) is presented
(pp. 267-277). In chapter 5 (pp. 75-89), Levie discusses Otlet's interest in urbanism (also see, p. 147 ff) and recounts how in Westende he built from scratch a complete coastal village, a kind of miniutopia, in close collaboration with the architects Octave Van Rysselberghe and Henry Van de Velde (unfortunately, it was destroyed in 1914). In close connection to their pacifist ideals, Otlet and his Nobelprize winning co-worker Lafontaine sought to realize a World City and in 1911 saw their ambitions shared by the joint work of the French architect Ernest Hébrard and the American-Norwegian sculptor Hendrik Anderson (pp. 128-141). Later, in the late 1920s, Otlet joined forces with Le Corbusier to establish such a world-centre (pp. 229-247, a 1930 letter of Le Corbusier to Otlet on this matter is reproduced on pages 234-235). In his later moments of desperation, Otlet called on virtually every major political leader, including Mussolini, Franco, and Hitler to achieve this goal (pp. 217-218, p. 294). In these chapters related to architecture, Levie draws extensively on previously unstudied correspondence and adds much detail to our knowledge of Otlet's explorations in this area. In several other chapters, Levie documents in great detail the less unknown rise and downfall of Otlet's "Mondial Palace" (which was inaugurated in 1919) (chapters 12-14 and 16). Looking back on Otlet's endeavours it is not difficult to realize that many of his "utopian" ideas were realized in the course of history. Levie's unique work represents a most welcome update of our knowledge of Otlet. It bears direct relevance for historians of information science and bibliography and historians of architecture, but will, no doubt, attract many scholars from other disciplines, as it places Otlet against the background of several important historical trends and as it is very accessibly written. I take it that publishers are already preparing an English edition of this work - or else, they should be. I wholeheartedly agree with Levie's conclusion that we haven't finished discovering Otlet's work (p. 318)."

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Abstract

An article in documentaliste 35(1998) no.1, presented the concept and contexts for the application of records management. This article, devoted to the experience of archivists, continues to focus on professional active and semi-active records management practices and their evolution in different countries and eras. P. Barbat analyzes the discovery in France in the 1960s of active records and the invlovement of both archivists and the departments actually generating the records in their management, and the impact this development has had on archival practices. Also discusses the impact that the international standard now being drafted by ISO will have on the profession. A government and a company archivist also describe their experience

Date

1. 8.1996 22:01:00
21. 2.1999 15:22:35

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Abstract

Attempts to explain the intellectual and cognitive processes which govern the understanding and structure of a text, on the one hand, and writing a summary or abstract on the other, based on the literature of information science, education, cognitive psychology and psychiatry

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Abstract

Records management has appeared lately in France to designate the management of organizational documents and electronic data an enterprise must retain as proof of its activities and transactions. An international standard is under discussion to address issues concerned with retention. At the same time, some information professionals are finding themselves increasingly involved with active company records, since the role of records manager requires skills found in the professions of archivists, information scientist and quality controller. Presents examples which pose the question, is records management in fact a new profession or simply a new form of a familiar job?

Date

1. 8.1996 22:01:00
31.12.1998 15:32:22

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Abstract

The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) has been developed by the academic technical and medical publishing sectors to enable the management of access rights to information published electronically. The DOI system has evolved from the physical documentary unit identifiers developed in the 1970, physical and document logical unit identifiers developed in the 1980s and recently modified to meet the needs of electronic distribution. This experience is integrated into the standardization, currently in progress on the Internet network, of the identification of resources and their localization. The DOI system is potentially the object of an international standard as the ISBN and the ISSN have been

Date

22. 1.1999 19:29:22

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Abstract

Since its appearance in the early 90's, the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) has provided universal access to knowledge and the world of information has been primarily witness to a great revolution (the digital revolution). It quickly became very popular, making it the largest and most comprehensive database and knowledge base thanks to the amount and diversity of data it contains. However, the considerable increase and evolution of these data raises important problems for users, in particular for accessing the documents most relevant to their search queries. In order to cope with this exponential explosion of data volume and facilitate their access by users, various models are offered by information retrieval systems (IRS) for the representation and retrieval of web documents. Traditional SRIs use simple keywords that are not semantically linked to index and retrieve these documents. This creates limitations in terms of the relevance and ease of exploration of results. To overcome these limitations, existing techniques enrich documents by integrating external keywords from different sources. However, these systems still suffer from limitations that are related to the exploitation techniques of these sources of enrichment. When the different sources are used so that they cannot be distinguished by the system, this limits the flexibility of the exploration models that can be applied to the results returned by this system. Users then feel lost to these results, and find themselves forced to filter them manually to select the relevant information. If they want to go further, they must reformulate and target their search queries even more until they reach the documents that best meet their expectations. In this way, even if the systems manage to find more relevant results, their presentation remains problematic. In order to target research to more user-specific information needs and improve the relevance and exploration of its research findings, advanced SRIs adopt different data personalization techniques that assume that current research of user is directly related to his profile and / or previous browsing / search experiences.
However, this assumption does not hold in all cases, the needs of the user evolve over time and can move away from his previous interests stored in his profile. In other cases, the user's profile may be misused to extract or infer new information needs. This problem is much more accentuated with ambiguous queries. When multiple POIs linked to a search query are identified in the user's profile, the system is unable to select the relevant data from that profile to respond to that request. This has a direct impact on the quality of the results provided to this user. In order to overcome some of these limitations, in this research thesis, we have been interested in the development of techniques aimed mainly at improving the relevance of the results of current SRIs and facilitating the exploration of major collections of documents. To do this, we propose a solution based on a new concept and model of indexing and information retrieval called multi-spaces projection. This proposal is based on the exploitation of different categories of semantic and social information that enrich the universe of document representation and search queries in several dimensions of interpretations. The originality of this representation is to be able to distinguish between the different interpretations used for the description and the search for documents. This gives a better visibility on the results returned and helps to provide a greater flexibility of search and exploration, giving the user the ability to navigate one or more views of data that interest him the most. In addition, the proposed multidimensional representation universes for document description and search query interpretation help to improve the relevance of the user's results by providing a diversity of research / exploration that helps meet his diverse needs and those of other different users. This study exploits different aspects that are related to the personalized search and aims to solve the problems caused by the evolution of the information needs of the user. Thus, when the profile of this user is used by our system, a technique is proposed and used to identify the interests most representative of his current needs in his profile. This technique is based on the combination of three influential factors, including the contextual, frequency and temporal factor of the data. The ability of users to interact, exchange ideas and opinions, and form social networks on the Web, has led systems to focus on the types of interactions these users have at the level of interaction between them as well as their social roles in the system. This social information is discussed and integrated into this research work. The impact and how they are integrated into the IR process are studied to improve the relevance of the results.

Theme

Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval

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Abstract

Since Sep 1996 a group with representatives from the French National Library (BNF), French Joint Catalogue (CCF), Directorate of Scientific and Technical Information (DISTNB), Directorate of Reading (DL) and the Higher Education Bibliography Agency (ABES) has been working on establishing a format for exchanging local data which will accomodtae the needs of all users; conform to international standards and take account of new technological tools (Z39.50-1995). Using pre-existing formats with UNIMARC as the basis, the new format will allow selection of documents by different location criteria, establish conditions of communication and manage interlibrary loan. To date fields have been defined for data on location and management of copies, and for descriptive data on copies

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Abstract

Duplicate citations in databases and library and information centre catalogues are a frequent problem for end users and information professionals. Current practice involves downloading bibliographic citations from external sources and integrating them in local catalogues. Describes the main processes by which duplicates are removed and the cluster technique which allows citation comparison. A more extensive discussion is available on the ADBS website

Date

1. 8.1996 22:01:00

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Duplicates in bibliographic databanks: state of the art

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Abstract

Die Welt der Dokumentation ist in den letzten Jahren in Bewegung geraten. Neben den Aufgaben der traditionellen Erwerbung, der Erfassung und der Bewahrung der Dokumente sind neue Aktionsfelder auf der Bildfläche erschienen; die Auswertung, die Retrokonversion und die Verbunfkataloge, die Datenbankabfrage und die Abfragemöglichkeiten für Benutzer, die Konzeption der Informationssysteme sowie die Expertenberatung. Neue Berufsfelder sind enstanden: Informationsvermittler und -berater

Source

ARBIDO-R. 9(1994) H.1, S.22-24

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Abstract

A summary of a thesis based on the supposition that in an era of increasing leisure more time is to be available for cultural activities and that analysis can lead to a better grasp of the concept of cultural information. Discusses: the relationship of government, cultural networks and the cultural engineering sector to information; existing kinds of cultural information, their use and the impact on them of new technologies; and the characteristics and role of information professionals in this sector

Date

1. 8.1996 22:01:00

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Abstract

Discusses the possibilities and difficulties encountered when using a thematic index to search contemporary art databanks. Jaconde and Videomuseum, 2 French databanks, are used as examples. the core problems found in the study are the methods and limits of indexing in both systems. A thematic index should be developed that is better adapted to 20th century art, based on the complementary and reciprocal relationship between text and image, and which fully exploits hypertext

Date

1. 8.1996 22:01:00

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Abstract

Discussing the work of the IFLA classification and indexing section, part of the Bibliographic Control Division. Activities related to subject access include (1) Guidelines for subject authority and reference entries; (2) the 1993 Lisbon conference on 'subject indexing: principles and practices in the 90s'; (3) research on the principles underlying subject heading languages; and (4) recommendations for classification data format. Future areas of work include compatibility between indexing languages and multilingual access

Content

Presentation given at the French Libraries Association study and research section day on 'research and indexing: limited results', held in Grenoble in Oct 1997

Date

17.11.1998 16:22:09

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The role of IFLA in standardisation matters

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Abstract

Developed to meet the needs of the library at the Université Laval, the Répertoire de Vedettes-matière is used by many institutions and is recognized as the Canadian standard by the National Library of Canada. The Répertoire also supported the creation of a union catalogue network and its use in libraries abroad, especially the Bibliothèque Nationale in France, confirms, this status and guarantees its continuing role in the increasing standardization of subject headings used in the French-speaking world. Concludes the history of the Répertoire and the major events that shaped its progress

Date

20.10.2000 13:34:22