-
Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019)
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- Abstract
- Diskussionen um Datennetze und Informationstechnik drehen sich häufig um kompetentes Handeln. In der Publikation werden Voraussetzungen eines autonomen informationellen Handelns gezeigt: Abstrahieren, Analogien bilden, Plausibilitäten beachten, Schlussfolgern und kreativ sein. Informationelle Kompetenz ist gelebte Informationelle Autonomie. Es lassen sich Konsequenzen für ein zukünftiges Menschenbild in informationstechnischen Umgebungen ziehen.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
-
Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001)
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- Abstract
- Das Problem der Wahrnehmung und Darstellung von Wahrheit durch die Medien führt zu vier zentralen Fragen: Wie viel Wahrheit gibt es in der Welt, über die Journalisten berichten müssen? Wie ermittelt oder recherchiert man diese Wahrheit? Wie trennt man die Spreu vom Weizen? Und wie geht man als Journalist mit dem um, was man als Wahrheit erkannt hat oder erkannt zu haben glaubt? Hier gibt es ganz offensichtlich eine Parallele zwischen Journalisten und Wissenschaftlern. Journalisten und Wissenschaftler brauchen erstens Hypothesen, zweitens geeignete Hypothesentests, drittens ein gutes Abgrenzungs-Kriterium und viertens Verfahren, um die erkannten Sachverhalte auf angemessene Weise für eine Kommunikation mit anderen zu repräsentieren, das heißt sie darzustellen. Es gibt zwei große Unterschiede zwischen Journalisten und Wissenschaftlern: Journalisten sind in der Regel auf raum-zeitlich begrenzte Aussagen aus, Wissenschaftler in der Regel auf raumzeitlich unbegrenzte Gesetze. Aber diese Unterschiede sind fließend, weil Wissenschaftler raum-zeitlich begrenzte Aussagen brauchen, um ihre All-Aussagen zu überprüfen, und Journalisten sich immer häufiger auf das Feld der allgemeinen Gesetzes-Aussagen wagen oder doch zumindest Kausalinterpretationen für soziale Phänomene anbieten. Der zweite Unterschied besteht darin, dass die Wissenschaft weitgehend professionalisiert ist (zumindest gilt dies uneingeschränkt für die Naturwissenschaften und die Medizin), was ihr relativ klare Abgrenzungs- und Güte-Kriterien beschert hat. Diese fehlen weitgehend im Journalismus.
- Content
- Der Beitrag basiert auf einem Vortrag beim 9. Ethiktag "Wissenschaft und Medien" am Zentrum für Ethik und Recht in der Medizin des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg im Februar 2001.
- Source
- Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Abstract
- A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
Davenport, E.; Cronin, B.: Knowledge management : Semantic drift or conceptual shift? (2000)
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- Date
- 31. 7.2001 20:22:57
- Footnote
- Thematisierung der Verschiebung des Verständnisses von Wissensmanagement; vgl. auch: Day, R.E.: Totality and representation: a history of knowledge management ... in: JASIS 52(2001) no.9, S.725-735
- Source
- Journal of education for library and information science. 41(2000) no.?, S.294-306
-
Clements, E.: ¬A conceptual framework for digital civics pedagogy informed by the philosophy of information (2020)
0.05
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- Abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw on the philosophy of information, specifically the work of Luciano Floridi, to argue that digital civics must fully comprehend the implications of the digital environment, and consequently an informational ontology, to deliver to students an education that will prepare them for full participation as citizens in the infosphere. Design/methodology/approach Introducing this philosophy for use in education, the research discusses the ethical implications of ontological change in the digital age; informational organisms and their interconnectivity; and concepts of agency, both organic and artificial in digitally mediated civic interactions and civic education. Findings With the provision of a structural framework rooted in the philosophy of information, robust mechanisms for civics initiatives can be enacted. Originality/value The paper allows policy makers and practitioners to formulate healthy responses to digital age challenges in civics and civics education.
-
Bruce, C.S.: ¬The relational approach : a new model for information literacy (1997)
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- Abstract
- The dominant approaches in information literacy scholarship and research conflict with constructivist approaches to learning preferred by educators. Proposes an alternative, 'relational', model of information literacy which reveals a picture of information literacy that is constructed in terms of varying relations between people and information. These relations are captured in 7 categories, graphially conveyed through awareness structures, which together represent information literacy as it is experienced. Information literacy education may be interpreted as helping people to experience information use differently. This model demonstrates that: the meanings associated with information literacy by information professionals may not be shared by users; the experienced meaning of information literacy is fluid and contextually bound; and, understanding of information literacy and related concepts will deepen if the experience of information users is given priority in research. Proposes an agenda for information literacy research based upon the relational approach
- Source
- New review of information and library research. 3(1997), S.1-22
-
Anderson, O.R.: Some interrelationships between constructivist models of learning and current neurobiological theory, with implications for science ieducation (1992)
0.04
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- Abstract
- Recent advances in the neurosciences have begun to elucidate how some fundamental mechanisms of nervous systems activity can explain human information processing and the acquisition of knowledge. Some of these findings are consistent with a cognitive view of constructivist models of learning and provide additional theoretical support for constructivist applications to science education reform. Current thought at the interface between neurocognitive research and constructivist philosophy is summarized here and discussed in a context of implications for scientific epistemology and conceptual change processes in science education
- Source
- Journal of research in science teaching. 29(1992) no.10, S.1037-1058
-
Best practices in teaching digital literacies (2018)
0.04
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- Abstract
- The almost universal reliance upon digital tools for social, academic, and career development will only become more pronounced in the years to come. Teacher education programs remain ill-equipped to adequately prepare educators with the pedagogies needed to foster digital literacies. What is needed is a set of best practices towards teaching digital literacies so that teachers can better meet the emerging needs of their students in today's classrooms. Where should teachers begin? What are the essentials of digital literacies within K-12 contexts? And how might we reimagine teacher education programs to optimally prepare teachers for working with technologically connected youth, whose literacies are more complex, interconnected, and diverse than ever?This edited volume provides a practical framework for teacher education programs to develop K-12 students' digital literacies. It serves as a set of best practices in teaching digital literacies that promotes access to research-based pedagogies for immediate implementation in their classrooms
- LCSH
- Internet in education
- Subject
- Internet in education
-
Hartman-Caverly, S.: Human nature is not a machine : on liberty, attention engineering, and learning analytics (2019)
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- Abstract
- This article undertakes a literature review to examine learning analytics through the lens of attention engineering. Informed by a critical literature synthesis from the fields of cognitive science, history, philosophy, education, technology, ethics, and library science, this analysis situates learning analytics in the context of communication and education technologies as tools in the manipulation of attention. The article begins by defining attention as both a cognitive activity and a metaphysical state intrinsic to intellectual freedom. The Progressive Era concept of attention engineering is then introduced and reinterpreted in the context of attention scarcity and academic capitalism in the Knowledge Era. The affordances of information and communications technology replicated in educational technology to facilitate data capture, analysis, and intervention in the form of "nudge" learning analytics are outlined as evidence of contemporary attention engineering in education. Attention engineering in education is critiqued as antithetical to students' intellectual freedom and development as self-sufficient learners and independent thinkers. The academic library's role in teaching and promoting attentional literacy and attentional autonomy is explored as a response to the intellectual freedom challenges posed by learning analytics as a form of attention engineering.
-
San Segundo, R.: ¬A new conception of representation of knowledge (2004)
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- Abstract
- The new term Representation of knowledge, applied to the framework of electronic segments of information, with comprehension of new material support for information, and a review and total conceptualisation of the terminology which is being applied, entails a review of all traditional documentary practices. Therefore, a definition of the concept of Representation of knowledge is indispensable. The term representation has been used in westere cultural and intellectual tradition to refer to the diverse ways that a subject comprehends an object. Representation is a process which requires the structure of natural language and human memory whereby it is interwoven in a subject and in conscience. However, at the present time, the term Representation of knowledge is applied to the processing of electronic information, combined with the aim of emulating the human mind in such a way that one has endeavoured to transfer, with great difficulty, the complex structurality of the conceptual representation of human knowledge to new digital information technologies. Thus, nowadays, representation of knowledge has taken an diverse meanings and it has focussed, for the moment, an certain structures and conceptual hierarchies which carry and transfer information, and has initially been based an the current representation of knowledge using artificial intelligence. The traditional languages of documentation, also referred to as languages of representation, offer a structured representation of conceptual fields, symbols and terms of natural and notational language, and they are the pillars for the necessary correspondence between the object or text and its representation. These correspondences, connections and symbolisations will be established within the electronic framework by means of different models and of the "goal" domain, which will give rise to organisations, structures, maps, networks and levels, as new electronic documents are not compact units but segments of information. Thus, the new representation of knowledge refers to data, images, figures and symbolised, treated, processed and structured ideas which replace or refer to documents within the framework of technical processing and the recuperation of electronic information.
- Date
- 2. 1.2005 18:22:25
-
Homann, B.: Information literacy : ein Beitrag der Bibliotheken für eine demokratische Informationsgesellschaft. Bericht über einen Themenschwerpunkt des IFLA-Kongresses in Glasgow (2002)
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- Content
- Der IFLA Kongress in Glasgow stand in diesem Jahr unter dem Thema "Libraries for life: democracy, diversity, delivery". Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Leben in einer demokratischen Gesellschaft ist Kompetenz zur selbständigen effizienten Nutzung des wachsenden Informationsangebots. Entsprechend wurde in zahlreichen Veranstaltungen "Information Literacy" als eine fundamentale Methodenkompetenz thematisiert, an deren Vermittlung die Bibliotheken mitwirken sollten. Der Bericht wird sich schwerpunktmäßig mit den Veranstaltungen des Round Table User Education (RTUE) befassen, aber daneben auch punktuell auf Veranstaltungen eingehen, die sich ebenfalls mit dem Thema "User Education" befassten. Angestrebt wird dabei weniger eine detaillierte Wiedergabe der Inhalte einzelner Veranstaltungen, als ein Bericht über Entwicklungen, die für die Aktivitäten deutscher Bibliotheken im Bereich der Informationskompetenz relevant sein könnten.
-
Malheiro da Silva, A.; Ribeiro, F.: Documentation / Information and their paradigms : characterization and importance in research, education, and professional practice (2012)
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- Abstract
- Since 2004, the authors have designed a proposal of paradigms for the Documentation-Information field, which starts from a comprehensive meaning of the concept and is based on identifying the presence of a custodial, cultural, historicist- and-humanist, and technicist paradigm that has shaped the professional activity, education, and public policies of the archival, librarian, and museologist universe from the early 1800s to the mid-20th century. It also includes pointin out the emergence of a new post-custodial, informational, and scientific paradigm, generated by the profound changes taking place worldwide and that are summarized in strong, yet too generic, expressions such as "information era" or "globalization." This paper characterizes the two paradigms proposed, highlighting their dominant traits and showing their operational relevance at the level of education, research, and professional practice.
-
Owusu-Ansah, E.K.: Debating definitions of information literacy : enough is enough! (2005)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - To demonstrate existing definitional consensus on information literacy, and outline the main and unique areas of concern resulting from that consensus for libraries desiring to contribute to information literacy education. Design/methodology/approach - Leading attempts at defining information literacy are examined to demonstrate their lack of substantive definitional differences, and to establish parameters for the library's participation in information literacy education. Findings - Examines the leading definitional contributions since the American Library Association's 1989 seminal work on information literacy. Demonstrates the lack of substantive definitional differences between those and the ALA definition. Suggests librarians concentrate on the expectations deriving from such unanimity, and outlines those expectations. Practical implications - Clarity of definitions provides more stable atmosphere for practical initiatives, while controversies over definitions distract from action. By pointing out the fundamental agreements between seemingly competing definitions of information literacy, this article underscores the need for librarians to fully concentrate on ways to achieve information literacy. By specifying the library's unique place in that process and outlining the concrete things it can do, the article also provides practical guidance for more focused activity on the part of the library in information literacy education. Originality/value - This article demonstrates a consistently overlooked definitional consensus on information literacy, and shows how the purported differences in definition actually represent delineations of steps and approaches that facilitate practical implementation. It also outlines the specific areas and activities that are legitimate responsibilities of the library in information literacy education, and notes areas outside the library's reach.
-
Zhang, P.; Soergel, D.: Towards a comprehensive model of the cognitive process and mechanisms of individual sensemaking (2014)
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- Abstract
- This review introduces a comprehensive model of the cognitive process and mechanisms of individual sensemaking to provide a theoretical basis for: - empirical studies that improve our understanding of the cognitive process and mechanisms of sensemaking and integration of results of such studies; - education in critical thinking and sensemaking skills; - the design of sensemaking assistant tools that support and guide users. The paper reviews and extends existing sensemaking models with ideas from learning and cognition. It reviews literature on sensemaking models in human-computer interaction (HCI), cognitive system engineering, organizational communication, and library and information sciences (LIS), learning theories, cognitive psychology, and task-based information seeking. The model resulting from this synthesis moves to a stronger basis for explaining sensemaking behaviors and conceptual changes. The model illustrates the iterative processes of sensemaking, extends existing models that focus on activities by integrating cognitive mechanisms and the creation of instantiated structure elements of knowledge, and different types of conceptual change to show a complete picture of the cognitive processes of sensemaking. The processes and cognitive mechanisms identified provide better foundations for knowledge creation, organization, and sharing practices and a stronger basis for design of sensemaking assistant systems and tools.
- Date
- 22. 8.2014 16:55:39
- Series
- Advances in information science
-
Fujiwara, Y.: ¬The model for self-structured semantic relationships of information and its advanced utilization (1994)
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- Abstract
- A great deal of information and knowledge is available in the form of full text, multimedia and other databases, as well as traditional information services. One of the issues of using information is to process meanings which are closely related with the sophisticated functiones such as learning, reasoning, inductive inference and problem solving. Automatic classification and intelligent access are straightforward applications and are useful when they are used togehter with thesauri and taxonomies which represent conceptual structures. Describes the basic principles and formulation of a new information model with flexible representation of meaning, and the direction of applications to advanced research of science and technology
-
Great information disasters : twelve prime examples of how information mismanagement led to human misery, political misfortune and business failure (1991)
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- Abstract
- Enthält: ANDERLA, G.: Is the West losing the information productivity contest?; BOEHM, E.H.: Hitler's decision to attack the Soviet Union, 1941; BURNS, C.: Three Miles Island: the information meltdown; CAWKELL, A.E.: The Tacoma Bridge disaster: a lesson in disregarding information?; DIENER, R.A.V.: Cultural dissolution, a societal information disaster: the case of the Yir Yoront in Australia; KIST, J.: Disaster at Arnhem: the role of information during the operation 'Market Garden' in September 1944; LYTLE, R.: The PPS information system development disaster in the early 1980s; NORTON, B. u. S. GOTTS: The events of October 1987; PRICE, W.H.: The pinnacle of deception: civil war intelligence and signals in 1864; SOPHAR, G.: $ 170.000 down the drain: the MRAIS story; TAYLOR, R.S.: Comments on Gaskill's 'Timetable of a failure'; WEITZEL, J.R. u. D.A. MARCHAND: The US Stock market crash of 1987: the role of information system malfunctions
- Footnote
- Rez. in: British journal of academic librarianship. 6(1991) S.123-126 (B. Naylor)
-
Souza, S.d.: Informacion : utopia y realidad de la bibliotelogia (1996)
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- Abstract
- Library science has no strong scientific image bacause it lacks a consistent theoretical framework. The key element is information, information is knowlegde, and library science is knowledge in the service of society. Society itself is sustained by development, information and ideology, with information as the transforming element. Because of the universal need for information, library science is increasingly valued. The great problem is to delimit the object of study because of its vast area of application. The goals of library science are utopian, bound up with making information available to everyone in the best possible way. But although developments suchg as the Internet seem able to make this possible, in reality computerised information is available only to a minority
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: Information: utopia and reality in library science
-
Budd, J.M.: Meaning, truth, and information : prolegomena to a theory (2011)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - This paper aims to examine the relationships between meaning and truth as they may contribute to a constitutive definition of information. The thesis is primarily that "information" cannot be defined unless within the context of meaning and truth, and that any theory based on, or related to, information is not possible without the foundational definition. Design/methodology/approach - A review of related literatures and an arrangement of frameworks forms the design of this conceptual proposal. Findings - While other definitions of information have been presented, the present one integrates meaning and truth in ways that others do not. The thoroughgoing semantic examination provides a starting-point for a much deeper analysis of the integral role that language plays in the formation of any theory related to information. Truth tends not to be spoken of a great deal in information science; the definitional positioning of truth adds to a more complete definition and basis for theory. Originality/value - This paper proposes a new definitional and theoretical construct for information.
-
Mai, J.-E.: ¬The quality and qualities of information (2013)
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- Abstract
- The paper discusses and analyzes the notion of information quality in terms of a pragmatic philosophy of language. It is argued that the notion of information quality is of great importance, and needs to be situated better within a sound philosophy of information to help frame information quality in a broader conceptual light. It is found that much research on information quality conceptualizes information quality as either an inherent property of the information itself, or as an individual mental construct of the users. The notion of information quality is often not situated within a philosophy of information. This paper outlines a conceptual framework in which information is regarded as a semiotic sign, and extends that notion with Paul Grice's pragmatic philosophy of language to provide a conversational notion of information quality that is contextual and tied to the notion of meaning.
-
Green, A.-M.; Higgins, M.: "Making out" with new media : young people and new information and communication technology (1997)
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- Abstract
- Reports on a survey of teenagers at a school in Edinburgh, Scotland, conducted as part of the Household Information System (HIS) project at Queen Margaret College. HIS has attempted to apply organizational models of information management to non organizational contexts such as households. Information management concepts have also been complemented by reference to research from sociology and media and cultural studies into the domestic consumption of technologies. Previous HIS research has suggested that notions of technological convergence proposed by producers and suppliers of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are not shared by consumers who prefer to keep their television and computing devioces separate. Television is most often associated with relaxation and entertainment, computing with work and education. However, there is some evidence that expertise with regard to new ICTs is the province of children rather than adults in many homes, a trend which may indicate as inversion of traditional patterns of knowledge dispersal in adult child relationships
- Source
- Proceedings of the 2nd British-Nordic Conference on Library and Information Studies, Edinburgh, 1997. Organized by the British Association for Information and Library Education (BAILER). Ed.: Micheline Beaulieu et al
