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Wolfram, D.; Dimitroff, A.: Hypertext vs. Boolean-based searching in a bibliographic database environment : a direct comparison of searcher performance (1998)
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Wolfram, D.; Spink, A.; Jansen, B.J.; Saracevic, T.: Vox populi : the public searching of the Web (2001)
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Spink, A.; Wolfram, D.; Jansen, B.J.; Saracevic, T.: Searching the Web : the public and their queries (2001)
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- Abstract
- In previous articles, we reported the state of Web searching in 1997 (Jansen, Spink, & Saracevic, 2000) and in 1999 (Spink, Wolfram, Jansen, & Saracevic, 2001). Such snapshot studies and statistics on Web use appear regularly (OCLC, 1999), but provide little information about Web searching trends. In this article, we compare and contrast results from our two previous studies of Excite queries' data sets, each containing over 1 million queries submitted by over 200,000 Excite users collected on 16 September 1997 and 20 December 1999. We examine how public Web searching changing during that 2-year time period. As Table 1 shows, the overall structure of Web queries in some areas did not change, while in others we see change from 1997 to 1999. Our comparison shows how Web searching changed incrementally and also dramatically. We see some moves toward greater simplicity, including shorter queries (i.e., fewer terms) and shorter sessions (i.e., fewer queries per user), with little modification (addition or deletion) of terms in subsequent queries. The trend toward shorter queries suggests that Web information content should target specific terms in order to reach Web users. Another trend was to view fewer pages of results per query. Most Excite users examined only one page of results per query, since an Excite results page contains ten ranked Web sites. Were users satisfied with the results and did not need to view more pages? It appears that the public continues to have a low tolerance of wading through retrieved sites. This decline in interactivity levels is a disturbing finding for the future of Web searching. Queries that included Boolean operators were in the minority, but the percentage increased between the two time periods. Most Boolean use involved the AND operator with many mistakes. The use of relevance feedback almost doubled from 1997 to 1999, but overall use was still small. An unusually large number of terms were used with low frequency, such as personal names, spelling errors, non-English words, and Web-specific terms, such as URLs. Web query vocabulary contains more words than found in large English texts in general. The public language of Web queries has its own and unique characteristics. How did Web searching topics change from 1997 to 1999? We classified a random sample of 2,414 queries from 1997 and 2,539 queries from 1999 into 11 categories (Table 2). From 1997 to 1999, Web searching shifted from entertainment, recreation and sex, and pornography, preferences to e-commerce-related topics under commerce, travel, employment, and economy. This shift coincided with changes in information distribution on the publicly indexed Web.
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Dimitroff, A.; Wolfram, D.; Volz, A.: Affective response and retrieval performance : analysis of contributing factors (1996)
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- Abstract
- Describes a study which investigated the affective response of 83 subjects to 2 versions of a hypertext-based bibliographic retrieval system. The objective of the study was to determine if subjects preferred searching a hypertext information retrieval (IR) system via traditional bibliographic links or via an enhanced set of linkages between structured records. The study also examined the utility of using factor analysis to explore subjects' affective responses to searching the 2 hypertext-based IR systems; explored the effect of experience on search outcome; and compared the effect of different types of linkages within the hypertext system. Findings reveal a complex relationship between system and user that is sometimes contradictory. Searchers found the systems to be usable or unusable in different ways indicating that further researchg is needed to isolate to specific features that searchers find frustrating or not in searching structured records via a hypertext-based IR system
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Wolfram, D.: Search characteristics in different types of Web-based IR environments : are they the same? (2008)
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- Abstract
- Transaction logs from four different Web-based information retrieval environments (bibliographic databank, OPAC, search engine, specialized search system) were analyzed for empirical regularities in search characteristics to determine whether users engage in different behaviors in different Web-based search environments. Descriptive statistics and relative frequency distributions related to term usage, query formulation, and session duration were tabulated. The analysis revealed that there are differences in these characteristics. Users were more likely to engage in extensive searching using the OPAC and specialized search system. Surprisingly, the bibliographic databank search environment resulted in the most parsimonious searching, more similar to a general search engine. Although on the surface Web-based search facilities may appear similar, users do engage in different search behaviors.
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Wolfram, D.; Xie, H.I.: Traditional IR for web users : a context for general audience digital libraries (2002)
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- Abstract
- The emergence of general audience digital libraries (GADLs) defines a context that represents a hybrid of both "traditional" IR, using primarily bibliographic resources provided by database vendors, and "popular" IR, exemplified by public search systems available on the World Wide Web. Findings of a study investigating end-user searching and response to a GADL are reported. Data collected from a Web-based end-user survey and data logs of resource usage for a Web-based GADL were analyzed for user characteristics, patterns of access and use, and user feedback. Cross-tabulations using respondent demographics revealed several key differences in how the system was used and valued by users of different age groups. Older users valued the service more than younger users and engaged in different searching and viewing behaviors. The GADL more closely resembles traditional retrieval systems in terms of content and purpose of use, but is more similar to popular IR systems in terms of user behavior and accessibility. A model that defines the dual context of the GADL environment is derived from the data analysis and existing IR models in general and other specific contexts. The authors demonstrate the distinguishing characteristics of this IR context, and discuss implications for the development and evaluation of future GADLs to accommodate a variety of user needs and expectations.
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Ross, N.C.M.; Wolfram, D.: End user searching on the Internet : an analysis of term pair topics submitted to the Excite search engine (2000)
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Dimitroff, A.; Wolfram, D.: Searcher response in a hypertext-based bibliographic information retrieval system (1995)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(1995) no.1, S.22-29
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Ajiferuke, I.; Lu, K.; Wolfram, D.: ¬A comparison of citer and citation-based measure outcomes for multiple disciplines (2010)
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- Date
- 28. 9.2010 12:54:22
-
Castanha, R.C.G.; Wolfram, D.: ¬The domain of knowledge organization : a bibliometric analysis of prolific authors and their intellectual space (2018)
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- Source
- Knowledge organization. 45(2018) no.1, S.13-22
