Search (57 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

Considerable documentation, tools, and manuals are available to aid catalogers, but without some guidance, many have no idea how to use these shelves of reference guides and manuals. This bibliography is intended as a guide to the information and resources available to assist the cataloger in cataloging. The availability of each resource is given (including online availability), along with a brief summary of the type of information that each resource contains.

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Abstract

Selective review of english-language articles and books, published in 1989, on aspects of descriptive cataloguing including: theory, AACR, cataloguing manuals, nonbook cataloguing, authority control, shared cataloguing, retrospective conversion, management, expert systems, teaching, training and recruiting

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Abstract

The rationale for using information systems is to find information that helps us in our daily activities, be they tasks or interests. Systems are expected to support us in searching for and identifying useful information. Although the activities and tasks performed by humans generate information needs and searching, they have attracted little attention in studies of information searching. Such studies have concentrated an search tasks rather than the activities that trigger them. It is obvious that our understanding of information searching is only partial, if we are not able to connect aspects of searching to the related task. The expected contribution of information to the task is reflected in relevance assessments of the information items found, and in the search tactics and use of the system in general. Taking the task into account seems to be a necessary condition for understanding and explaining information searching, and, by extension, for effective systems design.

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Abstract

State of the art review of database access system focusing on end user access to databases. Covers the period from 1987, when CD-ROM databases began to be introduced, through 1993, as locally mounted databases and Internet access came into play. Covers: the end user interface; database selection; management of database access; searching and use and economics of database searching; and improving end user searching

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Abstract

State of the art review of browsing from many different multidisciplinary contexts, integrating the diverse literatures on browsing: library and information science (information searching); end user information retrieval and system design (database searching); consumer behaviour (store shopping); mass media audience (television channel switching); organizational communication; and wayfinding and environmental design. Considers what constitutes browsing, and what are the consequences of browsing. Attempts to identify the underlying common dimensions of browsing and the consequences of browsing in a wide variety of human activities

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Abstract

Introductory reading list covering most of the areas of modern classification theory. Includes definitions, bibliographic and nonbibliographic classification, recent views on classification, subjects related to classification, and miscellaneous background material such as scientific method, logic, statistical methods, etc.

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Abstract

The bibliography covers information retrieval (2100 refs.), fulltext (890) or conceptual (60), automatic indexing (930), information extraction (520), query languages (1090), etc.; altogether 6390 references, fully indexed

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Abstract

The bibliography comprises altogether 5910 references on: dictionaries production (1380 refs.), thesauri (680), term banks (680), analysis dictionaries (1230), transfer dictionaries (140), generation dictionaries (60), lexical database / machine readable dictionaries (550) lexical semantics (780), lexical grammar (119) etc.

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Abstract

The research literature published in 1991 in the following categories is examined: users and subject searching, subject access in online catalogs, subject cataloging and indexing, information retrieval, thesaurus and indexing approaches, classification, and specialized subjects and materials. The preponderance of the research dealt with improving subject access in online systems. This seems to have been the result of acceptance by many researchers of a number of previously researched hypotheses that, taken together, indicate that improving online systems holds more promise than trying to perfect the processes of subject analysis

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Abstract

Points out that expert systems have great potential to enhance access to information retrieval systems as they use expertise to carry out tasks such as diagnosis and planning and make expertise available to nonexperts. Potential end users of online information retrieval systems are frequently deterred by the complexity of theses systems. Expert systems can mediate between the searcher and the information retrieval system and might be the key both to increasing and end user searching and to improving the quality of searches overall

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Abstract

State of the art review of enhancements in online catalogues over a 3 year period, taking for granted those features that are now standard and mainly discussing issues related to problem areas, in particular, subject access and user searching behaviour, as well as new developments that directly impinge on the catalogue's future: new interface developments and network access and resources

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Abstract

Interest in classification theory and in facet-based systems was more evident during 1992, the year that marked the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Ranganathan. Efforts to simplify subject cataloging routines include exploration of automatic and semiautomatic methods. Solutions to online subject searching problems might be shifting to the domains of information-retrieval experts. The 1992 subject analysis literature is examined and described using the following categories: theoretical foundations, cataloging practices, subject analysis in online environments, and specialized materials and topics

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Abstract

Focuses on the application of parallel processing for the processing of text, primarily documents and document surrogates. Research on parallel processing of text has developed in 2 areas: a hardware approach involving the development of special purpose machines for text processing; and a software approach in which data structures and algorithms are developed for text searching using general purpose parallel processors

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Abstract

GAIS computer science bibliographies search is a WWW service providing a searchable interface on bibliographies related to computer science. It holds about 400.000 references, mirrored from the Informatics for Engineering and Science Department of the University of Karlsruhe, and allows full text searching through the search engine GAIS (Global Area Intelligent Search). Discusses its design and architecture

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Abstract

The Internet and related information services attract increasing interest from information retrieval researchers. A survey of recent publications shows that frequent topics are the effectiveness of search engines, information validation and quality, user studies, design of user interfaces, data structures and metadata, classification and vocabulary based aids, and indexing and search agents. Current research in these areas is briefly discussed. The changing balance between CD-ROM sources and traditional online searching is quite important and is noted

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Abstract

Investigates current thinking on the theory and application of index language. Explains their links with on-line retrieval systems and the need to go beyond a narrow library application, identifying 2 regularly occurring points of view: transferring traditional ideas about conventional keyword catalogues to post-coordinate on-line searches and redundant terminology about input and its replacement by pure subject searching. Explores the general subject literature, the theory of verbal documentation languages, syntactical indexing, the thesaurus principle and faceted classification structure

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Abstract

Discusses the human-computer interface for information retrieval and notes that research on human-computer interface design has generated many widely-accepted principles of interface design which should be of interest and value to designers of information retrieval systems. Work on display features such as highlighting, colour, icons, and windows has received considerable attention. research has also focused on how the user interacts with the system, whether by commands, menus, or direct manipulation. Studies of interfaces for information retrieval systems reveal that online searching has emphasised developments of front ends, with some novel uses of graphics. CD-ROM and optical media are characterised by interface diversity, again with some inclusion of graphic interfaces. Online catalogues and full text data bases have provided interesting comparisons of mode of interaction

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Abstract

Faceted browsing is a common feature of new library catalog interfaces. But to what extent does it improve user performance in searching within today's library catalog systems? This article reviews the literature for user studies involving faceted browsing and user studies of "next-generation" library catalogs that incorporate faceted browsing. Both the results and the methods of these studies are analyzed by asking, What do we currently know about faceted browsing? How can we design better studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs? The article proposes methodological considerations for practicing librarians and provides examples of goals, tasks, and measurements for user studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs.

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Abstract

The introduction and growth of the World Wide Web (WWW, or Web) have resulted in a profound change in the way individuals and organizations access information. In terms of volume, nature, and accessibility, the characteristics of electronic information are significantly different from those of even five or six years ago. Control of, and access to, this flood of information rely heavily an automated techniques for indexing and retrieval. According to Gudivada, Raghavan, Grosky, and Kasanagottu (1997, p. 58), "The ability to search and retrieve information from the Web efficiently and effectively is an enabling technology for realizing its full potential." Almost 93 percent of those surveyed consider the Web an "indispensable" Internet technology, second only to e-mail (Graphie, Visualization & Usability Center, 1998). Although there are other ways of locating information an the Web (browsing or following directory structures), 85 percent of users identify Web pages by means of a search engine (Graphie, Visualization & Usability Center, 1998). A more recent study conducted by the Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society confirms the finding that searching for information is second only to e-mail as an Internet activity (Nie & Ebring, 2000, online). In fact, Nie and Ebring conclude, "... the Internet today is a giant public library with a decidedly commercial tilt. The most widespread use of the Internet today is as an information search utility for products, travel, hobbies, and general information. Virtually all users interviewed responded that they engaged in one or more of these information gathering activities."
Techniques for automated indexing and information retrieval (IR) have been developed, tested, and refined over the past 40 years, and are well documented (see, for example, Agosti & Smeaton, 1996; BaezaYates & Ribeiro-Neto, 1999a; Frakes & Baeza-Yates, 1992; Korfhage, 1997; Salton, 1989; Witten, Moffat, & Bell, 1999). With the introduction of the Web, and the capability to index and retrieve via search engines, these techniques have been extended to a new environment. They have been adopted, altered, and in some Gases extended to include new methods. "In short, search engines are indispensable for searching the Web, they employ a variety of relatively advanced IR techniques, and there are some peculiar aspects of search engines that make searching the Web different than more conventional information retrieval" (Gordon & Pathak, 1999, p. 145). The environment for information retrieval an the World Wide Web differs from that of "conventional" information retrieval in a number of fundamental ways. The collection is very large and changes continuously, with pages being added, deleted, and altered. Wide variability between the size, structure, focus, quality, and usefulness of documents makes Web documents much more heterogeneous than a typical electronic document collection. The wide variety of document types includes images, video, audio, and scripts, as well as many different document languages. Duplication of documents and sites is common. Documents are interconnected through networks of hyperlinks. Because of the size and dynamic nature of the Web, preprocessing all documents requires considerable resources and is often not feasible, certainly not an the frequent basis required to ensure currency. Query length is usually much shorter than in other environments-only a few words-and user behavior differs from that in other environments. These differences make the Web a novel environment for information retrieval (Baeza-Yates & Ribeiro-Neto, 1999b; Bharat & Henzinger, 1998; Huang, 2000).