Search (31 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Four subjects - ecology, applied mathematics, sociology, and economics - were selected to assess whether there is a citation advantage between journal articles that have an open-access (OA) version on the Internet compared to those articles that are exclusively toll access (TA). Citations were counted using the Web of Science, and the OA status of articles was determined by searching OAIster, OpenDOAR, Google, and Google Scholar. Of a sample of 4,633 articles examined, 2,280 (49%) were OA and had a mean citation count of 9.04 whereas the mean for TA articles was 5.76. There appears to be a clear citation advantage for those articles that are OA as opposed to those that are TA. This advantage, however, varies between disciplines, with sociology having the highest citation advantage, but the lowest number of OA articles, from the sample taken, and ecology having the highest individual citation count for OA articles, but the smallest citation advantage. Tests of correlation or association between OA status and a number of variables were generally found to weak or inconsistent. The cause of this citation advantage has not been determined.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.12, S.1963-1972

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Abstract

The nature and implications of electrocopying are summarised. After a brief review of the principles of copyright, the issue of whether electrocopying infringes copyright is debated. Publishers are aware of the threat that electrocopying poses to their business. The various options available to publishers for responding to electrocopying are summarised. Patterns of scholarly communications and the relationships between authors, publishers and libraries are being challenged. Constructive dialogue is necessary if the issues are to be resolved

Source

Journal of document and text management. 2(1994) no.1, S.10-22

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Abstract

Discusses ways in which government can play a important role in shaping national policies for a nation's information infrastructure. Considers such factors as the development of national policies for: supporting the development of electronic information services; privacy and data protection; copyright; and public libraries and national libraries

Source

Journal of information science. 22(1996) no.6, S.407-421

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Abstract

The rapidly increasing volume and variety of electronic or digitized information sources and their accessibility worldwide, have brought to the surface new issues concerning intellectual property, the complexity of the related legal questions and application of legislative measures in real world situations. Attemps to define 'intellectual property' from different points of view; considers the different types with different 'strengths' of protection, and the underlying objectives of such protection. Discusses copyright and international treaties on intellectual property, what is protected and for how long, the concept of fair use and the role of organizations concerned with reproduction rights. Presents a brief overview of the intellectual property questions relating to electronic media: machine readable databases, the information resources on the Internet, and images; electrocopying and downloading of texts and images from networks; and the special nature and copyright problems of multimedia. Also considers moral rights and the need for and feasibility of establishing Electronic Copyright Management System (ECMS)

Source

Information studies. 3(1997) no.1, S.5-22

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Abstract

A review of recent developments in electronic publishing, with a focus on Open Access (OA) is provided. It describes the two main types of OA, i.e. the `gold' OA journal route and the 'green' repository route, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the two, and the reactions of the publishing industry to these developments. Quality, cost and copyright issues are explored, as well as some of the business models of OA. It is noted that whilst so far there is no evidence that a shift to OA will lead to libraries cancelling subscriptions to toll-access journals, this may happen in the future, and that despite the apparently compelling reasons for authors to move to OA, so far few have shown themselves willing to do so. Conclusions about the future of scholarly publications are drawn.

Date

8. 7.2010 19:22:45

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Abstract

Purpose - This review aims to show, broadly, how the h-index has become a subject of widespread debate, how it has spawned many variants and diverse applications since first introduced in 2005 and some of the issues in its use. Design/methodology/approach - The review drew on a range of material published in 1990 or so sources published since 2005. From these sources, a number of themes were identified and discussed ranging from the h-index's advantages to which citation database might be selected for its calculation. Findings - The analysis shows how the h-index has quickly established itself as a major subject of interest in the field of bibliometrics. Study of the index ranges from its mathematical underpinning to a range of variants perceived to address the indexes' shortcomings. The review illustrates how widely the index has been applied but also how care must be taken in its application. Originality/value - The use of bibliometric indicators to measure research performance continues, with the h-index as its latest addition. The use of the h-index, its variants and many applications to which it has been put are still at the exploratory stage. The review shows the breadth and diversity of this research and the need to verify the veracity of the h-index by more studies.

Date

8. 1.2011 19:22:13

Source

Journal of documentation. 66(2010) no.5, S.681-705

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Object

Web of Science

Source

Journal of information science. 30(2005) no.5, S.459-

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Abstract

Gives an overview of copyright discussing: ownership, originality, restricted acts, international treaties, the legal basis of copyright, the definition of literary, dramatic and and musical works, and the role of fair dealing. Outlines copyright as it affects electronic media, discussing infringement of electronic copyright, and software copyright

Source

Internet world and document delivery world international 94: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference, London, May 1994

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Abstract

Citation indexes are based on the principle of authors citing previous articles of relevance. The paper demonstrates the long history of citing for precedent and notes how ISI's citation indexes differ from 'Shephards Citations'. The paper analyses some of the criticisms of citations counting, and some of the uses for which citation analysis has been employed. The paper also examines the idea of the development of an Acknowledgement Index, and concludes such an index is unlikely to be commercially viable. The paper describes a citation study of Eugene Garfield, and concludes that he may be the most heavily cited information scientist, that he is a heavy self-citer, and that the reasons why other authors cite Garfield are different from the reasons why he cites himself. The paper concludes that citation studies remain a valid methgod of analysis of individuals', institutions', or journals' impact, but need to be used with caution and in conjunction with other measures

Source

Journal of information science. 20(1994) no.1, S.2-15

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Abstract

The literature of the evaluation of Internet search engines is reviewed. Although there have been many studies, there has been little consistency in the way such studies have been carried out. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that recall is virtually impossible to calculate in the fast changing Internet environment, and therefore the traditional Cranfield type of evaluation is not usually possible. A variety of alternative evaluation methods has been suggested to overcome this difficulty. The authors recommend that a standardised set of tools is developed for the evaluation of web search engines so that, in future, comparisons can be made between search engines more effectively, and that variations in performance of any given search engine over time can be tracked. The paper itself does not provide such a standard set of tools, but it investigates the issues and makes preliminary recommendations of the types of tools needed

Source

Journal of documentation. 56(2000) no.2, S.190-211

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Abstract

The study of information needs has long be acknowlegded as one of the most important factors in the design of information services but has been hampered by the severe problem of designing user studies that will reliably measure them. Reviews the literature of previous research in this field, concluding that time and money are the chief constraints on information seeking behaviour. Describes a new observational technique for identifying the information needs of users and reports results of a small scale experiment to test the methodology. The observational technique involves the researcher being with the subject continuously throughout the day and observing their actions. The behaviour recorded was any action taken in order to answer a question. A small scale study was undertaken of 3 academics from the Psychology Department, University of Strathclyde, using the observational technique. The preferred technique of all the academics was to carry out their own research, followed by consultation with other individuals. One lecturer was a significantly heavier user of electronic media than the other two. The preferred physical locations of the information sources were personal collections and the University Library. One lecturer consistently used a wide range of sources while the other two strongly preferred to use personal contacts. Informal sources were found to be twice as popular as formal sources. A follow up questionnaire survey examined the possibility that previous training in the use of the library could explain the differences in the use of electronic information sources but results were found to be negative. Concludes that the new research tool developed for this type of study is both robust and likely to yield reliable information about user information needs

Source

Journal of librarianship and information science. 28(1996) no.1, S.15-24

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Abstract

Considers virtual reality and the applications of virtual reality that information workers will need to assimilate in the next decade or so. Considers possible applications in the library and information world, for example the extension of the notion of the virtual library using virtual reality

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Content

Beitrag eines Themenheftes: The 50th Anniversary of the Journal of the American Society for Information Science. Pt.2: Paradigms, models, and models of information science

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.12, S.1153-

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Abstract

Reviews 3 pieces of research funded by Reuters, 1994-96, that surveyed the understanding of, and use of information by managers. Whilst managers are well aware of the importance of information, they do not feel in control of their use of it. They are not given all the information they need but at the same time are overwhelmed by too much information. They recognise information as important, but do not know how to value it. They think their organization has information policies, but are rarely aware of what the policies are. They find that their personal and social life can be damaged by the problems of too much information. Librarians and information managers seem not be considered as a solution to these problems. There is a clear market niche for information managers to exploit

Source

International journal of information management. 17(1997) no.4, S.239-248

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Abstract

Defines a national information policy, identifying 6 component areas. Describes some specific aspects of government action that can be used as a test of commitment to an national information policy. Suggests support for electronic information industries is one of the key methods by which a government can influence information policy, citing the case of the USA as an example. More specifically, considers freedom of information, and policy towards public and national libraries. Argues for the creation of a Coalition for Public Information in each major country, to provide a forum where members of the information community can participate in public policy discussions about technical, economic and social questions arising from the use of information derived from the new electronic communication and information delivery technologies

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to analyse the structure of a small number of abstracts that have appeared in the CABI database over a number of years, during which time the authorship of the abstracts changed from CABI editorial staff to journal article authors themselves. This paper reports a study of the semantic organisation and thematic structure of 12 abstracts from the field of protozoology in an effort to discover whether these abstracts followed generally agreed abstracting guidelines. Design/methodology/approach - The method adopted was a move analysis of the text of the abstracts. This move analysis revealed a five-move pattern: move 1 situates the research within the scientific community; move 2 introduces the research by either describing the main features of the research or presenting its purpose; move 3 describes the methodology; move 4 states the results; and move 5 draws conclusions or suggests practical applications. Findings - Thematic analysis shows that scientific abstract authors thematise their subject by referring to the discourse domain or the "real" world. Not all of the abstracts succeeded in following the guideline advice. However, there was general consistency regarding semantic organisation and thematic structure. Research limitations/implications - The research limitations were the small number of abstracts examined, from just one subject domain. Practical limitations - The practical implications are the need for abstracting services to be clearer and more prescriptive regarding how they want abstracts to be structured as the lack of formal training in abstract writing increases the risk of subjectivity and verbosity and reduces clarity in scientific abstracts. Another implication of the research are that abstracting and indexing services must ensure that they maintain abstract quality if they introduce policies of accepting author abstracts. This is important as there is probably little formal training in abstract writing for science students at present. Recommendations for further research are made. Originality/value - This paper reports a study of the semantic organisation and thematic structure of 12 abstracts from the field of protozoology.

Source

Journal of documentation. 62(2006) no.4, S.428-446

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Abstract

Queries the interpretations of the 'virtual library' made by authors and others. It is erroneous to relate the term to the possibilities of delivering the full text plus images of articles and books to the client's terminal, irrespective of where the client is located. Offers 3 definitions of 'vitual reality' taken from the literature. The concept is in its infacy. it will be many years before it becomes applied to libraries. The 'electronic library', 'the library without walls' and 'the networked library' are all acceptable terms

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Abstract

The ease of copying materials in machine readable form (such as downloading) or of converting print documents into electronic form (so-called electrocopying), poses copyright problems which do not arise with print products. Considers some particular aspects of copyright which are relevant to machine readable data

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Abstract

The recently developed h-index has been applied to the literature produced by senior British-based academics in librarianship and information science. The majority of those evaluated currently hold senior positions in UK information science and librarianship departments; however, a small number of staff in other departments and retired "founding fathers" were analyzed as well. The analysis was carried out using the Web of Science (Thomson Scientific, Philadelphia, PA) for the years from 1992 to October 2005, and included both secondauthored papers and self-citations. The top-ranking British information scientist, Peter Willett, has an h-index of 31. However, it was found that Eugene Garfield, the founder of modern citation studies, has an even higher h-index of 36. These results support other studies suggesting that the h-index is a useful tool in the armory of bibliometrics.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.2, S.297-301

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Abstract

Examines copyright from an international perspective, looking at what constitutes copyright in different countries; the rights enjoyed by a copyright; owner; infringement by restricted acts; existing international and European treaties; electronic copyright and contracts; the definition of literary works; and fair dealing. Focuses in particular on the implications of electronic document delivery. Copyright law does not keep up with technical developments, making publishers nervous of the new technologies. In the light of the Follett Report the time seems right for a radical rethink, and the various parties involved should grasp this opportunity