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Lalmas, M.; Ruthven, I.: Representing and retrieving structured documents using the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence : modelling and evaluation (1998)
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- Abstract
- Reports on a theoretical model of structured document indexing and retrieval based on the Dempster-Schafer Theory of Evidence. Includes a description of the model of structured document retrieval, the representation of structured documents, the representation of individual components, how components are combined, details of the combination process, and how relevance is captured within the model. Also presents a detailed account of an implementation of the model, and an evaluation scheme designed to test the effectiveness of the model
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Lalmas, M.; Ruthven, I.: ¬A model for structured document retrieval : empirical investigations (1997)
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- Abstract
- Documents often display a structure, e.g. several sections, each with several subsections and so on. Taking into account the structure of a document allows the retrieval process to focus on those parts of the document that are most relevant to an information need. In previous work, we developed a model for the representation and the retrieval of structured documents. This paper reports the first experimental study of the effectiveness and applicability of the model
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Ruthven, I.: ¬An information behavior theory of transitions (2022)
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- Abstract
- This paper proposes a theory of life transitions focused on information behavior. Through a process of meta-ethnography, the paper transforms a series of influential theories and models into a theory of transitions for use in Information Science. This paper characterizes the psychological processes involved in transitions as consisting of three main stages, Understanding, Negotiating, and Resolving, each of which have qualitatively different information behaviors and which require different types of information support. The paper discusses the theoretical implications of this theory and proposes ways in which the theory can be used to provide practical support for those undergoing transitions.
- Series
- JASIS&Tspecial issue on information behavior and information practices theory
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Ruthven, I.: Resonance and the experience of relevance (2021)
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- Abstract
- In this article, I propose the concept of resonance as a useful one for describing what it means to experience relevance. Based on an extensive interdisciplinary review, I provide a novel framework that presents resonance as a spectrum of experience with a multitude of outcomes ranging from a sense of harmony and coherence to life transformation. I argue that resonance has different properties to the more traditional interpretation of relevance and provides a better system of explanation of what it means to experience relevance. I show how traditional approaches to relevance and resonance work in a complementary fashion and outline how resonance may present distinct new lines of research into relevance theory.
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Ruthven, I.; Baillie, M.; Azzopardi, L.; Bierig, R.; Nicol, E.; Sweeney, S.; Yaciki, M.: Contextual factors affecting the utility of surrogates within exploratory search (2008)
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- Date
- 29. 7.2008 12:28:27
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Buchanan, S.; Jardine, C.; Ruthven, I.: Information behaviors in disadvantaged and dependent circumstances and the role of information intermediaries (2019)
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- Abstract
- This article provides the first empirical study focused exclusively on the information intermediary role in disadvantaged (socioeconomic) and dependent (support) circumstances. We report findings from interviews and focus groups with 49 UK state and voluntary sector professionals providing support to young (<21) mothers from areas of multiple deprivations. We evidence an important information intermediary role with three key contributions to information behaviors in disadvantaged and dependent circumstances. Intermediaries: facilitate information needs recognition, and consider purposeful action within problematic situations; are a key source of information in themselves, and a key integrative connection to other external sources not otherwise accessed; and tailor and personalize information for relevance, and communicate via incremental and recursive cycles that take into account learning needs. We provide parameters for a theory of information intermediary intervention to guide future examination of an important and understudied role; and conceptualize important theoretical relationships between information behavior and social capital, and in particular shared concepts of social integration, and the progressive and integrative intermediary role within. Our findings have significant practical implications for public health policy and digital health strategies, as they evidence an important human information intermediary role among an at-risk group, with implications for disadvantaged and vulnerable populations more broadly.
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Ruthven, I.: ¬The language of information need : differentiating conscious and formalized information needs (2019)
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- Abstract
- Information need is a fundamental concept within Information Science. Robert Taylor's seminal contribution in 1968 was to propose a division of information needs into four levels: the visceral, conscious, formalized and compromised levels of information need. Taylor's contribution has provided much inspiration to Information Science research but this has largely remained at the discursive and conceptual level. In this paper, we present a novel empirical investigation of Taylor's information need classification. We analyse the linguistic differences between conscious and formalized needs using several hundred postings to four major Internet discussion groups. We show that descriptions of conscious needs are more emotional in tone, involve more sensory perception and contain different temporal dimensions than descriptions of formalized needs. We show that it is possible to differentiate levels of information need based on linguistic patterns and that the language used to express information needs can reflect an individual's understanding of their information problem. This has implications for the theory of information needs and practical implications for supporting moderators of online news groups in responding to information needs and for developing automated support for classifying information needs.
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Ruthven, I.; Buchanan, S.; Jardine, C.: Relationships, environment, health and development : the information needs expressed online by young first-time mothers (2018)
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- Date
- 29. 7.2018 9:47:05
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Ruthven, I.; Buchanan, S.; Jardine, C.: Isolated, overwhelmed, and worried : young first-time mothers asking for information and support online (2018)
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- Date
- 29. 9.2018 11:25:14
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Belabbes, M.A.; Ruthven, I.; Moshfeghi, Y.; Rasmussen Pennington, D.: Information overload : a concept analysis (2023)
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- Date
- 22. 4.2023 19:27:56
