-
Ma, Y.; Diodato, V.: Icons as visual form of knowledge representation on the World Wide Web : a semiotic analysis (1999)
0.05
0.05018237 = product of:
0.10036474 = sum of:
0.08673032 = weight(_text_:representation in 6674) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08673032 = score(doc=6674,freq=6.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.44023782 = fieldWeight in 6674, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6674)
0.013634419 = product of:
0.040903255 = sum of:
0.040903255 = weight(_text_:theory in 6674) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.040903255 = score(doc=6674,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1780563 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1583924 = idf(docFreq=1878, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.2297209 = fieldWeight in 6674, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1583924 = idf(docFreq=1878, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6674)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(2/4)
- Abstract
- This article compares the indexing structure of icons with principles used for traditional indexing. The investigators apply fourteen traditional indexing principles to study and demonstrate whether traditional principles of indexing are applicable for icon analysis. One of the fourteen indexing principles is first chosen for this analysis. A sample of fifteen library homepages is drawn from the total population of the United States library homepages. The investigators examine the structure of the selected homepages and non-icon information on the homepages. They examine icons as a visual form of knowledge representation (the structure and features of the icons) to determine how icons are representative of the information to which they are linked. The investigators assess how the icons on each library homepage satisfy the indexing principle chosen for the study. The article also provides an analysis of meanings of these icons. The investigators use semiotics theory to study the icons. The icons on the homepages of the WWW carry meaning dependent on the syntax of their use. They also carry paradigmatic meanings derived from other systems or domains. Codes and syntax are culturally constructed, which shape the meaning of messages conveyed in the icons. This study demonstrates whether traditional indexing principles are applicable for icons analysis in the WWW environment. It is hoped that the study will help designers of WWW homepages employ icon features that communicate effectively to their users and suggest using icons as a visual form for knowledge representation on the WWW
-
Falquet, G.; Guyot, J.; Nerima, L.: Languages and tools to specify hypertext views on databases (1999)
0.05
0.04829032 = product of:
0.09658064 = sum of:
0.084978 = weight(_text_:representation in 3968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.084978 = score(doc=3968,freq=4.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.4313432 = fieldWeight in 3968, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3968)
0.011602643 = product of:
0.034807928 = sum of:
0.034807928 = weight(_text_:22 in 3968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034807928 = score(doc=3968,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14994325 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 3968, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3968)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(2/4)
- Abstract
- We present a declarative language for the construction of hypertext views on databases. The language is based on an object-oriented data model and a simple hypertext model with reference and inclusion links. A hypertext view specification consists in a collection of parameterized node schemes which specify how to construct node and links instances from the database contents. We show how this language can express different issues in hypertext view design. These include: the direct mapping of objects to nodes; the construction of complex nodes based on sets of objects; the representation of polymorphic sets of objects; and the representation of tree and graph structures. We have defined sublanguages corresponding to particular database models (relational, semantic, object-oriented) and implemented tools to generate Web views for these database models
- Date
- 21.10.2000 15:01:22
-
Polanco, X.: Clusters, graphs, and networks for analyzing Internet-Web-supported communication within a virtual community (2003)
0.05
0.04504849 = product of:
0.09009698 = sum of:
0.070815004 = weight(_text_:representation in 2737) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.070815004 = score(doc=2737,freq=4.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.35945266 = fieldWeight in 2737, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2737)
0.01928198 = product of:
0.057845935 = sum of:
0.057845935 = weight(_text_:theory in 2737) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.057845935 = score(doc=2737,freq=4.0), product of:
0.1780563 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1583924 = idf(docFreq=1878, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.3248744 = fieldWeight in 2737, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
4.1583924 = idf(docFreq=1878, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2737)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(2/4)
- Abstract
- The proposal is to use clusters, graphs and networks as models in order to analyse the Web structure. Clusters, graphs and networks provide knowledge representation and organization. Clusters were generated by co-site analysis. The sample is a set of academic Web sites from the countries belonging to the European Union. These clusters are here revisited from the point of view of graph theory and social network analysis. This is a quantitative and structural analysis. In fact, the Internet is a computer network that connects people and organizations. Thus we may consider it to be a social network. The set of Web academic sites represents an empirical social network, and is viewed as a virtual community. The network structural properties are here analysed applying together cluster analysis, graph theory and social network analysis. This is a work having taken place in the EICSTES project. EICSTES means European Indicators, Cyberspace, and the Science-Technology-Economy System. It is a research project supported by the Fifth Framework Program of R&D of the European Commission (IST-1999-20350)
- Source
- Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas
-
Cassel, J.F.; Little, S.K.: ¬The National Research and Education Network : the early evolution of NREN (1994)
0.04
0.041819844 = product of:
0.08363969 = sum of:
0.07010327 = weight(_text_:representation in 8471) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07010327 = score(doc=8471,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.35583997 = fieldWeight in 8471, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=8471)
0.013536418 = product of:
0.04060925 = sum of:
0.04060925 = weight(_text_:22 in 8471) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04060925 = score(doc=8471,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14994325 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 8471, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=8471)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(2/4)
- Abstract
- A national multi-gigabyte-per-second research and education network known as the NREN is to be established by 1996, according to the High Performance Computing Act of 1991 passed in Dec 1991. NREN, referred to as the information highway is expected to provide scientific, educational, and economic benefits for the US, and to serve as the basis for an all-encompassing National Information Infrastructure available to all citizens. An annotated bibliography presenting a representation of the literature that provides a history of the NREN as well as a sense of the evolving concerns and visions of this exciting revolution of the Information Age. Includes items that offer general and specific background information, and visions, viewpoints, and issues related to the NREN
- Source
- Reference services review. 22(1994) no.2, S.63-78,96
-
Kent, R.E.: Organizing conceptual knowledge online : metadata interoperability and faceted classification (1998)
0.04
0.041819844 = product of:
0.08363969 = sum of:
0.07010327 = weight(_text_:representation in 57) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07010327 = score(doc=57,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.35583997 = fieldWeight in 57, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=57)
0.013536418 = product of:
0.04060925 = sum of:
0.04060925 = weight(_text_:22 in 57) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04060925 = score(doc=57,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14994325 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 57, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=57)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(2/4)
- Abstract
- Conceptual Knowledge Markup Language (CKML), an application of XML, is a new standard being promoted for the specification of online conceptual knowledge (Kent and Shrivastava, 1998). CKML follows the philosophy of Conceptual Knowledge Processing (Wille, 1982), a principled approach to knowledge representation and data analysis, which advocates the development of methodologies and techniques to support people in their rational thinking, judgement and actions. CKML was developed and is being used in the WAVE networked information discovery and retrieval system (Kent and Neuss, 1994) as a standard for the specification of conceptual knowledge
- Date
- 30.12.2001 16:22:41
-
Chen, Z.; Wenyin, L.; Zhang, F.; Li, M.; Zhang, H.: Web mining for Web image retrieval (2001)
0.04
0.040285822 = product of:
0.080571644 = sum of:
0.070815004 = weight(_text_:representation in 6521) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.070815004 = score(doc=6521,freq=4.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.35945266 = fieldWeight in 6521, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6521)
0.009756638 = product of:
0.029269911 = sum of:
0.029269911 = weight(_text_:29 in 6521) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029269911 = score(doc=6521,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.19432661 = fieldWeight in 6521, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6521)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(2/4)
- Abstract
- The popularity of digital images is rapidly increasing due to improving digital imaging technologies and convenient availability facilitated by the Internet. However, how to find user-intended images from the Internet is nontrivial. The main reason is that the Web images are usually not annotated using semantic descriptors. In this article, we present an effective approach to and a prototype system for image retrieval from the Internet using Web mining. The system can also serve as a Web image search engine. One of the key ideas in the approach is to extract the text information on the Web pages to semantically describe the images. The text description is then combined with other low-level image features in the image similarity assessment. Another main contribution of this work is that we apply data mining on the log of users' feedback to improve image retrieval performance in three aspects. First, the accuracy of the document space model of image representation obtained from the Web pages is improved by removing clutter and irrelevant text information. Second, to construct the user space model of users' representation of images, which is then combined with the document space model to eliminate mismatch between the page author's expression and the user's understanding and expectation. Third, to discover the relationship between low-level and high-level features, which is extremely useful for assigning the low-level features' weights in similarity assessment
- Date
- 29. 9.2001 17:32:09
-
Scull, C.; Milewski, A.; Millen, D.: Envisioning the Web : user expectations about the cyber-experience (1999)
0.04
0.040285822 = product of:
0.080571644 = sum of:
0.070815004 = weight(_text_:representation in 6539) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.070815004 = score(doc=6539,freq=4.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.35945266 = fieldWeight in 6539, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6539)
0.009756638 = product of:
0.029269911 = sum of:
0.029269911 = weight(_text_:29 in 6539) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029269911 = score(doc=6539,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.19432661 = fieldWeight in 6539, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6539)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(2/4)
- Abstract
- An exploratory research project was undertaken to understand how novice college students and Web savvy librarians initially envisioned the Internet and how these representations changed over time and with experience. Users' representation of the Internet typically contained few meaningful reference points excepting "landmarks" such as search sites and frequently visited sites. For many of the users, the representation was largely procedural, and therefore organized primarily by time. All novice users conceptualized search engines as literally searching the entire Internet when a query was issued. Web savvy librarians understood the limitations of search engines better, but did still expect search engines to follow familiar organizational schemes and to indicate their cataloguing system. Although all users initially approached the Internet with high expectations of information credibility, expert users learned early on that "anyone can publish." In response to the lack of clear credibility conventions, librarians applied the same criteria they used with traditional sources. However, novice users retained high credibility expectations because their exposure was limited to the subscription-based services within their college library. And finally, during an assigned search task new users expected "step by step" instructions and self-evident cues to interaction. They were also overwhelmed and confused by the amount of information "help" displayed and became impatient when a context appropriate solution to their problem was not immediately offered
- Date
- 29. 9.2001 20:06:27
-
Lutz, H.: Back to business : was CompuServe Unternehmen bietet (1997)
0.04
0.037488773 = product of:
0.1499551 = sum of:
0.1499551 = product of:
0.22493264 = sum of:
0.093663715 = weight(_text_:29 in 6569) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.093663715 = score(doc=6569,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.6218451 = fieldWeight in 6569, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6569)
0.13126893 = weight(_text_:22 in 6569) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.13126893 = score(doc=6569,freq=4.0), product of:
0.14994325 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.8754574 = fieldWeight in 6569, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6569)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 22. 2.1997 19:50:29
- Source
- Cogito. 1997, H.1, S.22-23
-
Fritch, J.W.; Cromwell, R.L.: Evaluating Internet resources : identity, affiliation, and cognitve authority in a networked world (2001)
0.04
0.035898242 = product of:
0.071796484 = sum of:
0.060088523 = weight(_text_:representation in 5749) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.060088523 = score(doc=5749,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.3050057 = fieldWeight in 5749, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5749)
0.011707964 = product of:
0.035123892 = sum of:
0.035123892 = weight(_text_:29 in 5749) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.035123892 = score(doc=5749,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.23319192 = fieldWeight in 5749, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5749)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(2/4)
- Abstract
- Many people fail to properly evaluate Internet information. This is often due to a lack of understanding of the issues surrounding evaluation and authority, and, more specifically, a lack of understanding of the structure and modi operandi of the Internet and the Domain Name System. The fact that evaluation is not being properly performed on Internet information means both that questionable information is being used recklessly, without adequately assessing its authority, and good information is being disregarded, because trust in the information is lacking. Both scenarios may be resolved by ascribing proper amounts of cognitive authority to Internet information. Traditional measures of authority present in a print environment are lacking on the Internet, and, even when occasionally present, are of questionable veracity. A formal model and evaluative criteria are herein suggested and explained to provide a means for accurately ascribing cognitive authority in a networked environment; the model is unique in its representation of overt and covert affiliations as a mechanism for ascribing proper authority to Internet information
- Date
- 29. 9.2001 14:00:03
-
Cordeiro, M.I.; Slavic, A.: Data models for knowledge organization tools : evolution and perspectives (2003)
0.04
0.035898242 = product of:
0.071796484 = sum of:
0.060088523 = weight(_text_:representation in 2632) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.060088523 = score(doc=2632,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.3050057 = fieldWeight in 2632, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2632)
0.011707964 = product of:
0.035123892 = sum of:
0.035123892 = weight(_text_:29 in 2632) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.035123892 = score(doc=2632,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.23319192 = fieldWeight in 2632, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2632)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(2/4)
- Date
- 29. 8.2004 9:26:23
- Source
- Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas
-
Brooks, T.A.: Where is meaning when form is gone? : Knowledge representation an the Web (2001)
0.03
0.030044261 = product of:
0.120177045 = sum of:
0.120177045 = weight(_text_:representation in 3889) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.120177045 = score(doc=3889,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.6100114 = fieldWeight in 3889, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3889)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
-
Diedrichs, R.: Bezug und Bereitstellung elektronischer Publikationen : Integration auf Verbundebene - das Beispiel des GBV (1998)
0.03
0.028160205 = product of:
0.11264082 = sum of:
0.11264082 = product of:
0.16896123 = sum of:
0.09934537 = weight(_text_:29 in 2360) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09934537 = score(doc=2360,freq=4.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.6595664 = fieldWeight in 2360, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2360)
0.069615856 = weight(_text_:22 in 2360) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.069615856 = score(doc=2360,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14994325 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 2360, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2360)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 23.10.1996 17:26:29
29. 4.2000 8:49:10
- Source
- Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 22(1998) H.1, S.81-83
-
Herrmann, C.: Partikulare Konkretion universal zugänglicher Information : Beobachtungen zur Konzeptionierung fachlicher Internet-Seiten am Beispiel der Theologie (2000)
0.03
0.027195707 = product of:
0.10878283 = sum of:
0.10878283 = product of:
0.16317424 = sum of:
0.081955746 = weight(_text_:29 in 4364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.081955746 = score(doc=4364,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.5441145 = fieldWeight in 4364, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4364)
0.0812185 = weight(_text_:22 in 4364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0812185 = score(doc=4364,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14994325 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 4364, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4364)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 22. 1.2000 19:29:08
-
Beghtol, C.: Knowledge representation and organization in the ITER project : A Web-based digital library for scholars of the middle ages and renaissance (http://iter.utoronto.ca) (2001)
0.03
0.026019095 = product of:
0.10407638 = sum of:
0.10407638 = weight(_text_:representation in 638) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10407638 = score(doc=638,freq=6.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.5282854 = fieldWeight in 638, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=638)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- The Iter Project ("iter" means "path" or "journey" in Latin) is an internationally supported non-profit research project created with the objective of providing electronic access to all kinds and formats of materials that relate to the Middle Ages and Renaissance (400-1700) and that were published between 1700 and the present. Knowledge representation and organization decisions for the Project were influenced by its potential international clientele of scholarly users, and these decisions illustrate the importance and efficacy of collaboration between specialized users and information professionals. The paper outlines the scholarly principles and information goals of the Project and describes in detail the methodology developed to provide reliable and consistent knowledge representation and organization for one component of the Project, the Iter Bibliography. Examples of fully catalogued records for the Iter Bibliography are included.
-
Yang, K.: Information retrieval on the Web (2004)
0.03
0.025483275 = product of:
0.05096655 = sum of:
0.040059015 = weight(_text_:representation in 4278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.040059015 = score(doc=4278,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.20333713 = fieldWeight in 4278, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4278)
0.0109075345 = product of:
0.032722604 = sum of:
0.032722604 = weight(_text_:theory in 4278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032722604 = score(doc=4278,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1780563 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1583924 = idf(docFreq=1878, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.18377672 = fieldWeight in 4278, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1583924 = idf(docFreq=1878, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4278)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(2/4)
- Abstract
- How do we find information an the Web? Although information on the Web is distributed and decentralized, the Web can be viewed as a single, virtual document collection. In that regard, the fundamental questions and approaches of traditional information retrieval (IR) research (e.g., term weighting, query expansion) are likely to be relevant in Web document retrieval. Findings from traditional IR research, however, may not always be applicable in a Web setting. The Web document collection - massive in size and diverse in content, format, purpose, and quality - challenges the validity of previous research findings that are based an relatively small and homogeneous test collections. Moreover, some traditional IR approaches, although applicable in theory, may be impossible or impractical to implement in a Web setting. For instance, the size, distribution, and dynamic nature of Web information make it extremely difficult to construct a complete and up-to-date data representation of the kind required for a model IR system. To further complicate matters, information seeking on the Web is diverse in character and unpredictable in nature. Web searchers come from all walks of life and are motivated by many kinds of information needs. The wide range of experience, knowledge, motivation, and purpose means that searchers can express diverse types of information needs in a wide variety of ways with differing criteria for satisfying those needs. Conventional evaluation measures, such as precision and recall, may no longer be appropriate for Web IR, where a representative test collection is all but impossible to construct. Finding information on the Web creates many new challenges for, and exacerbates some old problems in, IR research. At the same time, the Web is rich in new types of information not present in most IR test collections. Hyperlinks, usage statistics, document markup tags, and collections of topic hierarchies such as Yahoo! (http://www.yahoo.com) present an opportunity to leverage Web-specific document characteristics in novel ways that go beyond the term-based retrieval framework of traditional IR. Consequently, researchers in Web IR have reexamined the findings from traditional IR research.
-
Weinberg, B.H.: Complexity in indexing systems abandonment and failure : implications for organizing the Internet (1996)
0.02
0.02478525 = product of:
0.099141 = sum of:
0.099141 = weight(_text_:representation in 6119) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.099141 = score(doc=6119,freq=4.0), product of:
0.19700786 = queryWeight, product of:
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.50323373 = fieldWeight in 6119, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
4.600994 = idf(docFreq=1206, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6119)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- The past 100 years have seen the development of numerous systems for the structured representation of knowledge and information, including hierarchical classification systems and with sophisticated features for the representation of term relationships. Discusses reasons for the lack of widespread adoption of these systems, particularly in the USA. The suggested structure for indexing the Internet or other large electronic collections of documents is based on that of book indexes: specific headings with coined modifications
-
Sauer, D.: Alles schneller finden (2001)
0.02
0.023466839 = product of:
0.093867354 = sum of:
0.093867354 = product of:
0.14080103 = sum of:
0.082787804 = weight(_text_:29 in 6835) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.082787804 = score(doc=6835,freq=4.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.5496386 = fieldWeight in 6835, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6835)
0.05801322 = weight(_text_:22 in 6835) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05801322 = score(doc=6835,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14994325 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 6835, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6835)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 1. 8.1997 14:03:29
11.11.2001 17:25:22
- Source
- Com!online. 2001, H.12, S.24-29
-
Dirks, H.: Lernen im Internet oder mit Gedrucktem? : Eine Untersuchung zeigt: Fernunterrichts-Teilnehmer wollen beides! (2002)
0.02
0.023310607 = product of:
0.09324243 = sum of:
0.09324243 = product of:
0.13986364 = sum of:
0.070247784 = weight(_text_:29 in 1512) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.070247784 = score(doc=1512,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 1512, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1512)
0.069615856 = weight(_text_:22 in 1512) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.069615856 = score(doc=1512,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14994325 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 1512, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1512)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 29. 1.1997 18:49:05
11. 8.2002 15:05:22
-
Sixth International World Wide Web Conference (1997)
0.02
0.023310607 = product of:
0.09324243 = sum of:
0.09324243 = product of:
0.13986364 = sum of:
0.070247784 = weight(_text_:29 in 2053) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.070247784 = score(doc=2053,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 2053, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2053)
0.069615856 = weight(_text_:22 in 2053) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.069615856 = score(doc=2053,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14994325 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 2053, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2053)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.865-1542
-
Heuser, U.J.; Barlow, J.P.: ¬Das Netz ist mein Gehirn : (Interview) (1996)
0.02
0.023310607 = product of:
0.09324243 = sum of:
0.09324243 = product of:
0.13986364 = sum of:
0.070247784 = weight(_text_:29 in 5493) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.070247784 = score(doc=5493,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15062225 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 5493, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5493)
0.069615856 = weight(_text_:22 in 5493) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.069615856 = score(doc=5493,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14994325 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.042818543 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 5493, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5493)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Pages
- S.22-29
