Search (616 results, page 1 of 31)

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Abstract

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks provide a new distributed computing paradigm an the Internet for file sharing. The decentralized nature of P2P networks fosters cooperative and non-cooperative behaviors in sharing resources. Searching is a major component of P2P file sharing. Several studies have been reported an the nature of queries of World Wide Web (WWW) search engines, but studies an queries of P2P networks have not been reported yet. In this report, we present our study an the Gnutella network, a decentralized and unstructured P2P network. We found that the majority of Gnutella users are located in the United States. Most queries are repeated. This may be because the hosts of the target files connect or disconnect from the network any time, so clients resubmit their queries. Queries are also forwarded from peers to peers. Findings are compared with the data from two other studies of Web queries. The length of queries in the Gnutella network is longer than those reported in the studies of WWW search engines. Queries with the highest frequency are mostly related to the names of movies, songs, artists, singers, and directors. Terms with the highest frequency are related to file formats, entertainment, and sexuality. This study is important for the future design of applications, architecture, and services of P2P networks.

Footnote

Teil eines Themenheftes zu: Information seeking research

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.9, S.783-793

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Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdelab.csd.auth.gr%2F~dimitris%2Fcourses%2Fir_spring06%2Fpage_rank_computing%2Fp527-li.pdf. Vgl. auch: http://www2002.org/CDROM/refereed/643/.

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Abstract

Searches conducted on web search engines reflect the interests of users and society. Google Trends, which provides information about the queries searched by users of the Google web search engine, is a rich data source from which a wealth of information can be mined. We investigated the possibility of using web search volume data from Google Trends to predict academic fame. As queries are language-dependent, we studied universities from two countries with different languages, the United States and Spain. We found a significant correlation between the search volume of a university name and the university's academic reputation or fame. We also examined the effect of some Google Trends features, namely, limiting the search to a specific country or topic category on the search volume data. Finally, we examined the effect of university sizes on the correlations found to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of the relationships.

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.4, S.707-720

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LCSH

Information retrieval
Library information networks

Subject

Information retrieval
Library information networks

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Abstract

Presents a multimedia model which describes the various multimedia components, their structure and their relationships with a pre-defined taxonomy of concepts, in order to support search engine information retrieval process

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Source

Computer networks and ISDN systems. 30(1998) nos.1/7, S.604-606

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LCSH

Internet industry / United States
Web search engines / United States / History

Subject

Internet industry / United States
Web search engines / United States / History

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Abstract

United States Intellectual Property law, specifically that covering copyright, has important implications for American libraries. This article considers the following: fair use and the Internet; current and prospective law and electronic media, especially concerning interlibrary loan and online reserves; publishers and users; and the impact that copyright law has on the role of the library and the issue of free access.

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Abstract

On 17 March 2006, Google, the major web search engine, won a partial victory in its legal battle against the United States government. In an attempt to enforce the 1998 Child Online Protection Act, the us government had asked it to provide one million web addresses or URLs that are accessible through Google, as well as 5,000 users' search queries. In Gonzales v. Google, a California District Court ruled that Google did not have to comply fully with the us government's request: Google did not need to disclose a single search query, and was not required to provide more than 50.000 web addresses. However, it soon appeared that Microsoft, AOL and Yahoo! had handed over the information requested by the government in that instance, and in the course of this case all search engines publicly admitted massive user data collection. It turns out that all major search engines are able to provide a list of IP addresses with the actual search queries made, and vice versa. Scarcely five months later, AOL's search engine logs were the subject of yet another round of data protection concerns. There was a public outcry when it became known that it had published 21 million search queries, that is, the search histories of more than 650,000 of its users. While AOL's intentions were laudable (namely supporting research in user behaviour), it emerged that making the link between the unique ID supplied for a given user and the real-world identity was not all that difficult. Both these cases are milestones in raising awareness of the importance of data protection in relation to web search.

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Abstract

Presents a guide to searching for information on the Internet covering Research-It; familiar quotations: a collection of passages, phrases and proverbs traced to their sources in ancient and modern literature by John Bartlett; the Internet Public Library Reference Center; SearchERIC Database; Britannica Online; Britannica's Lives; The complete works of William Shakespeare; Flicks/Movie Schedules and Reviews; the Electronic Newsstand; CNN Interactive; Time Warner's Pathfinder; Electronic Newspapers from all 50 States; Yahoo, News; Newspapers; Techweb; ZDNet; the On-line Books Page; Columbia University Bartleby Library; the Children's Literature Web Guide; National Institutes of Health; US Census Bureau; Earthquake Info; US Postal Service Zip+4 Lookup; the Federal Web Locator; World Wide Web Virtual Library; US Government Information Sources; Index of the Constitution of the US; US States Code; Find California Code; Dearch for Bills; California Tenant's Rights; The Online Career Center; QuickAID Home Page; City.Net; Netscape's Destinations Button; International Telephone Directory; World Alumni Net; Archives of Adoptees and Birth Parents; and World Wide Registry Matching Adoptees with Birth Parents

Date

6. 3.1997 16:22:15

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Abstract

Presents a novel method to extract from a web object its hyper informative content, in contrast with current search engines, which only deal with the textual information content. This method is not only valuable per se, but it is shown to be able to considerably increase the precision of current search engines. It integrates with existing search engine technology since it can be implemented on top of every search engine, acting as a post-processor, thus automatically transforming a search engine into its corresponding hyper version. Shows how the hyper information can be usefully employed to face the search engines persuasion problem

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Source

Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.1225-1235

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Abstract

Describes the concept of a proxy based information classification and filtering utility, named Web Assistant. On the behalf of users a private view of the WWW is generated based on a previously determined profile. This profile is created by monitoring the user anf group activities when browsing WWW pages. Additional features are integrated to allow for easy interoperability workgroups with similar project interests, maintain personal and common hotlists with automatic modification checks and a sophisticated search engine front-end

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Source

Computer networks and ISDN systems. 30(1998) nos.1/7, S.654-655

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Abstract

The Wolverhampton Web Library (WWLib) is a WWW search engine that provides access to UK based information. The experimental version developed in 1995, was a success but highlighted the need for a much higher degree of automation. An interesting feature of the experimental WWLib was that it organised information according to DDC. Discusses the advantages of classification and describes the automatic classifier that is being developed in Java as part of the new, fully automated WWLib

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Source

Computer networks and ISDN systems. 30(1998) nos.1/7, S.646-648

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Abstract

Presents Inquirus, a WWW meta search engine which works by downloading and analysing the individual documents. It makes improvements over existing search engines in a number of areas: more useful document summaries incorporating query term context, identification of both pages which no longer exist and pages which no longer contain the query terms, advanced detection of duplicate pages, improved document ranking using proximity information, dramatically improved precision for certain queries by using specific expressive forms, and quick jump links and highlighting when viewing the full document

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Source

Computer networks and ISDN systems. 30(1998) nos.1/7, S.95-105

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LCSH

Internet industry / Management / United States

Subject

Internet industry / Management / United States

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Abstract

The WebQuery system offers a powerful new method for searching the Web based on connectivity and content. Examines links among the nodes returned in a keyword-based query. Rankes the nodes, giving the highest rank to the most highly connected nodes. By doing so, finds hot spots on the Web that contain information germane to a user's query. WebQuery not only ranks and filters the results of a Web query; it also extends the result set beyond what the search engine retrieves, by finding interesting sites that are highly connected to those sites returned by the original query. Even with WebQuery filering and ranking query results, the result set can be enormous. Explores techniques for visualizing the returned information and discusses the criteria for using each of the technique

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Source

Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.1257-1267

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Abstract

Describes a search engine that integrate text and image search. 1 or more Web site can be indexed for both textual and image information, allowing the user to search based on keywords or images or both. Another problem with the current search engines is that they show the results as pages of scrolled lists; this is not very user-friendly. The search engine allows the user to visualise to results in various ways. Explains the indexing and searching techniques of the search engine and highlights several features of the querying interface to make the retrieval process more efficient. Use examples to show the usefulness of the technology

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Source

Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.1181-1191

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Abstract

Creates an open, metadata aware system for distributed, collaborative WWW indexing. The system has 3 main components: a harvester (for collecting information), a database (for making the collection searchable), and a user interface (for making the information available). all components can be distributed across networked computers, thus supporting scalability. The system is metadata aware and thus allows searches on several fields including title, document author and URL. Nordic Web Index (NWI) is an application using this system to create a regional Nordic Web-indexing service. NWI is built using 5 collaborating service points within the Nordic countries. The NWI databases can be used to build additional services

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Source

Computer networks and ISDN systems. 30(1998) nos.1/7, S.149-159

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Abstract

Amid the rapid growth of information today is the increasing challenge for people to navigate its magnitude. Dynamics and heterogeneity of large information spaces such as the Web raise important questions about information retrieval in these environments. Collection of all information in advance and centralization of IR operations are extremely difficult, if not impossible, because systems are dynamic and information is distributed. The chapter discusses some of the key issues facing classic information retrieval models and presents a decentralized, organic view of information systems pertaining to search in large scale networks. It focuses on the impact of network structure on search performance and discusses a phenomenon we refer to as the Clustering Paradox, in which the topology of interconnected systems imposes a scalability limit.

Source

Next generation search engines: advanced models for information retrieval. Eds.: C. Jouis, u.a

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Content

"When Randall C. Jimerson, the president of the Society of American Archivists, heard of Google's plan to convert certain holdings at Oxford University and at some of the leading research libraries in the United States into digital files, searchable over the Web, he asked, "What are they thinking?" Mr. Jimerson had worries. Who would select the material? How would it be organized and identified to avoid mountains of excerpts taken out of context? Would Google users eventually forgo the experience of holding a book or looking at a historicaldocument? But in recent interviews, many scholars and librarians applauded the announcement by Google, the operator of the world's most popular Internet search service, to digitize some of the collections at Oxford, the University of Michigan, Stanford University, Harvard and the New York Public Library. The plan, in the words of Paul Duguid, information specialist at the University of California at Berkeley, will "blast wide open" the walls around the libraries of world-class institutions.
David Nasaw, a historian and director of the Center for the Humanities at the City University of New York's Graduate Center, said the ability to use keywords to locate books and documents could save academics traveltime and money and broaden their research. "This all captures people's imagination in a wonderful way," Said Kate Wittenberg, director of the Electronic Publishing Initiative at Columbia University. "But whether it's right or wrong is not the whole question and not the whole answer." This year Ms. Wittenberg's group completed a three-year study of research habits that included 1,233 students. The study concluded that electronic resources had become the main tool for gathering information, particularly among undergraduates. But Ms. Wittenberg does have concerns. "What I've learned is that libraries help people formulate questions as well as find answers," Ms. Wittenberg said. "Who will do that in a virtual world?" On the other hand, she Said, an enhanced databank could make it easier for students to research topics across disciplines. For example, a topic like "climate change" touches an both political science and science, she Said, and "in the physical world, the books about them are in two different buildings at Columbia." Online research could bring the two subjects together instantly. Robert Darnton, a professor of history at Princeton who is writing a book about the history of books, noted that by looking at a book's binding and paper quality, a researcher can discern much about the period in which it was published, the publisher and the intended audience.
"There may be some false consciousnesses about this breakthrough, that all learning will be at our fingertips," Mr. Darnton said of the plans to enhance Google's database. He saw room for both Google and real-world research. Libraries have already been changed by the Internet, said Paul LeClerc, president and chief executive of the New York Public Library: But libraries will still be needed to coliect and store information, he said. "TV did replace radio," Mr. LeCIerc said. "Videos and DVD's did not replace people going to the movies. It's still easier to read a book by hand than online." "The New-York Public Library Web site gets three-fourths of a billion hits a year from 200 different countries and territories, and that's with no marketing or advertising," he said. "That's the context in which this new element has to be placed." "We had 13 million reader visits last year," he continued. "We're serving a multiplicity of audiences - we serve people physically and virtually. It's an enormous contribution to human intellectual development." Many university leaders realize that for most people, information does not exist unless it is online, said Paul Courant, provost and executive vice president for academic affairs at the University of Michigan. Mr. Courant envisioned that in 20 years archives would be shared by institutions. While the world needs "tens of thousands of copies of 'To the Lighthouse,"' he said, "we don't need to have a zillion copies of some arcane monograph written by a sociologist in 1951."

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LCSH

Internet industry / United States

Subject

Internet industry / United States