-
Rademaker, C.A.: ¬The classification of plants in the United States Patent Classification System (2000)
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- Source
- World patent information. 22(2000), S.301-307
-
Rademaker, C.A.: ¬The classification of ornamental designs in the United States Patent Classification System (2000)
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- Source
- World patent information. 22(2000), S.123-133
-
Falasco, L.: United States Patent Classification : system organization (2002)
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- Source
- World patent information. 24(2002) no.2, S.111-117
-
Shuler, J.A.: Foundations of government information and bibliographic control in the United States : 1789-1900 (2003)
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- Abstract
- A history of classification and bibliographic control of government information is, by necessity, a tangled tale that involves the complex evolution of governments, the regularization of official publishing, along with the growth of professional librarianship. For the purposes of this article, the main argument will draw its narrative largely from the historic evolution of bibliographic control and U.S. government information during the nineteenth century. The standards and practices developed in the United States during this period remain a common framework for the discussion of any government in the world. It is further argued that these bibliographic arrangements remained in play until the 1980s when the advent of distributed computer networks began to undermine the traditions of what had largely been a print culture.
- Imprint
- New York : Haworth Information Press
-
Shuler, J.A.: Foundations of government information and bibliographic control in the United States : 1789-1900 (2003)
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- Abstract
- A history of classification and bibliographic control of government information is, by necessity, a tangled tale that involves the complex evolution of governments, the regularization of official publishing, along with the growth of professional librarianship. For the purposes of this article, the main argument will draw its narrative largely from the historic evolution of bibliographic control and U.S. government information during the nineteenth century. The standards and practices developed in the United States during this period remain a common framework for the discussion of any government in the world. It is further argued that these bibliographic arrangements remained in play until the 1980s when the advent of distributed computer networks began to undermine the traditions of what had largely been a print culture.
-
Westbrook, L.: Digital information support for domestic violence victims (2007)
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- Abstract
- With domestic violence directly impacting over 5 million victims in the United States annually, the growing e-health and e-government networks are developing digitally based resources for both victims and those who aid them. The well-established community information and referral role of public libraries dovetails with this digital referral network model; however, no study of the actual service provided by public libraries is available. This examination of e-mail reference responses to requests for safe-house contact information revealed major gaps in cyber-safety awareness and uneven implementation of professional standards for virtual reference service. Implications for information system design, professional standards, education, and future research are discussed.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.3, S.420-432
-
Kwok, S.H.; Yang, C.S.: Searching the Peer-to-Peer Networks : the community and their queries (2004)
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- Abstract
- Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks provide a new distributed computing paradigm an the Internet for file sharing. The decentralized nature of P2P networks fosters cooperative and non-cooperative behaviors in sharing resources. Searching is a major component of P2P file sharing. Several studies have been reported an the nature of queries of World Wide Web (WWW) search engines, but studies an queries of P2P networks have not been reported yet. In this report, we present our study an the Gnutella network, a decentralized and unstructured P2P network. We found that the majority of Gnutella users are located in the United States. Most queries are repeated. This may be because the hosts of the target files connect or disconnect from the network any time, so clients resubmit their queries. Queries are also forwarded from peers to peers. Findings are compared with the data from two other studies of Web queries. The length of queries in the Gnutella network is longer than those reported in the studies of WWW search engines. Queries with the highest frequency are mostly related to the names of movies, songs, artists, singers, and directors. Terms with the highest frequency are related to file formats, entertainment, and sexuality. This study is important for the future design of applications, architecture, and services of P2P networks.
- Footnote
- Teil eines Themenheftes zu: Information seeking research
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.9, S.783-793
-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
-
Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009)
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- Abstract
- The employees of an organization often use a personal hierarchical classification scheme to organize digital documents that are stored on their own workstations. As this may make it hard for other employees to retrieve these documents, there is a risk that the organization will lose track of needed documentation. Furthermore, the inherent boundaries of such a hierarchical structure require making arbitrary decisions about which specific criteria the classification will b.e based on (for instance, the administrative activity or the document type, although a document can have several attributes and require classification in several classes).A faceted classification model to support corporate information organization is proposed. Partially based on Ranganathan's facets theory, this model aims not only to standardize the organization of digital documents, but also to simplify the management of a document throughout its life cycle for both individuals and organizations, while ensuring compliance to regulatory and policy requirements.
- Footnote
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
-
Hemminger, B.M.; Losi, T.; Bauers, A.: Survey of bioinformatics programs in the United States. (2005)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2006 14:41:40
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.5, S.529-537
-
Heide, L.: Punched-card systems and the early information explosion, 1880-1945 (2009)
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- Abstract
- At a time when Internet use is closely tracked and social networking sites supply data for targeted advertising, Lars Heide presents the first academic study of the invention that fueled today's information revolution: the punched card. Early punched cards were first developed to process the United States census in 1890. They were soon used to calculate invoices and to issue pay slips. As demand for more sophisticated systems and reading machines increased in both the United States and Europe, punched cards were no longer a simple data-processing tool. Insurance companies, public utilities, businesses, and governments all used them to keep detailed records of their customers, competitors, employees, citizens, and enemies. The United States used punched-card registers in the late 1930s to pay roughly 21 million Americans their Social Security pensions; Vichy France used similar technologies in an attempt to mobilize an army against the occupying German forces; Germans in 1941 developed several punched-card registers to make the war effort more effective. Heide's analysis of these three major punched-card systems, as well as the impact of the invention on Great Britain, illustrates how industrial nations established administrative systems that enabled them to locate and control their citizens, for better or for worse. Heide's comparative study of the development of punched-card systems in the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany explores how different cultures collected personal and financial data and how they adapted to new technologies. He examines this history for both its business and technological implications in today's information-dependent society. "Punched-Card Systems in the Early Information Explosion, 1880-1945" will interest students and scholars from a wide range of disciplines, including the history of technology, computer science, business history, and management and organizational studies.
- Content
- Inhalt: Punched cards and the 1890 United States census -- New users, new machines -- U.S. challengers to Hollerith -- The rise of international business machines -- Decline of punched cards for European census processing -- Punched cards for general statistics in Europe -- Different roads to European punched-card bookkeeping -- Keeping tabs on society with punched cards.
- LCSH
- Information technology / United States
Information technology / Europe
- Subject
- Information technology / United States
Information technology / Europe
-
Schrodt, R.: Tiefen und Untiefen im wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch (2008)
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- Content
- Vgl. auch: https://studylibde.com/doc/13053640/richard-schrodt. Vgl. auch: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2FGermanistik%2Fschrodt%2Fvorlesung%2Fwissenschaftssprache.doc&usg=AOvVaw1lDLDR6NFf1W0-oC9mEUJf.
-
Shin, D.-H.: Next generation of information infrastructure : a comparative case study of Korea versus the United States of America (2008)
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- Abstract
- This study compares the United States of America and Korea's cases of national information infrastructure (NII) development, focusing on the role of the governments in the development of their NIIs and on the realization of the next generation of information infrastructure vision. The important similarities and differences can be seen by comparison on sociotechnical dimensions: government function, histories, visions, policy design, implementation plans, and realities and prospects. Findings show different patterns of NII development, providing insights for the next generation of NIIs. This study provides a prospect towards future information infrastructure needs in the context of dynamic sociotechnical changes.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.11, S.1785-1800
-
Carter, R.C.: Managing cataloging and the organization of information (2000)
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- Abstract
- This Foreword covers Part Two of the three issues of Cataloging & Classifications Quarterly looking at the philosophies, practices and plans of libraries around the world as they manage cataloging and the organization of information at the onset of the twenty-first century. Part Two has fourteen articles that cover four specialized libraries (one medical, one historical society, and two law, in that order) and ten articles discussing twelve academic libraries. All libraries represented in Part Two are in the United States.
- Footnote
- Vorwort zum Themenheft "Managing cataloging and the organization of information: philosophies, practices and challenges at the onset of the 21st century. Part II: Specialized and academic libraries in the United States"
-
Marie, J.S.: Medical indexing in the United States (2007)
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- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 58(2007) H.8, S.421-423
-
Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001)
0.12
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- Source
- Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
- Theme
- Information
-
Cyr, D.; Trevor-Smith, H.: Localization of Web design : an empirical comparison of German, Japanese, and United States Web site characteristics (2004)
0.12
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- Abstract
- To explore issues of user interface design and experience, including culturally preferred design elements, a study was conducted analyzing sites in Germany, Japan, and the United States (30 municipal sites in each country). Design elements considered are use of symbols and graphics, color preferences, site features (links, maps, search functions, and page layout), language, and content. Significant modal differences were found in each of the listed categories. Outcomes from the study are used to discuss future research directions in the areas of experience design and localization.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.13, S.1199-1208
-
Münnich, M.: REUSE or rule harmonization : just a project? (2000)
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- Abstract
- German academic libraries acquire a large number of books from British and American publishers. The bibliographic records of the Library of Congress and the British National Bibliography are offered in most German library networks. Thus, projects REUSE and REUSE+ were undertaken when there was a demand for harmonization of Germany cataloging rules with AACR2 (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules). Experts in the United States and Germany systematically analyzed bibliographic data and compared the codes on which the data were based. Major and minor differences in cataloging rules were identified. The REUSE group proposed German participation in international authority files and changes in RAK, the German cataloging rules. In REUSE+ the different types of hierarchical bibliographic structures in USMARC and MAB2 and other German formats were analyzed. The German project group made suggestions concerning both the German formats and the USMARC format. Steps toward rule alignment and harmonization of online requirements were made when the German Cataloging Rules Conference made decisions on resolutions prepared by the Working Groups on Descriptive Cataloging that dealt with titles, encoding of form titles and conference terms, prefixes in names, hierarchies, entries under persons and corporate bodies, and the conceptual basis of RAK2 in the context of harmonization. Although problems remain, German rule makers have made progress toward internationality.
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Ho, J.: Cataloging practices and access methods for videos at arl and public libraries in the United States (2004)
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- Abstract
- Libraries may vary in the level and fullness of cataloging they give to video recordings and in the methods they use to provide access to them. This paper reports the results of a survey exploring the level of cataloging and access methods applied to videos, the degree to which catalogers view screen credits, and how often various credit information is included and used to create access points in catalog records in selected U. S. public and Association of Research Libraries member libraries. Resources for cataloging videos also were examined. Results showed that most libraries cataloged videos at the full level and provided access points to similar types of information in catalog records. Academic librarians reported viewing videos and providing access points to certain information to a greater extent than public librarians did. This study offers a general picture of the credit information libraries include or omit in video catalog records.
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Chan, L.M.; Hodges, T.: Entering the millennium : a new century for LCSH (2000)
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- Abstract
- Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), a system originally designed as a tool for subject access to the Library's own collection in the late nineteenth century, has become, in the course of the last century, the main subject retrieval tool in library catalogs throughout the United States and in many other countries. It is one of the largest non-specialized controlled vocabularies in the world. As LCSH enters a new century, it faces an information environment that has undergone vast changes from what had prevailed when LCSH began, or, indeed, from its state in the early days of the online age. In order to continue its mission and to be useful in spheres outside library catalogs as well, LCSH must adapt to the multifarious environment. One possible approach is to adopt a series of scalable and flexible syntax and application rules to meet the needs of different user communities
- Date
- 27. 5.2001 16:22:21
