Search (44 results, page 1 of 3)

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LCSH

Psychiatric hospital patients / Great Britain / Biography
Lexicographers / Great Britain / Biography

Subject

Psychiatric hospital patients / Great Britain / Biography
Lexicographers / Great Britain / Biography

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Abstract

Describes the early career of Anthony Panizzi in Great Britain, and considers his relationship with W.E. Gladstone. Panizzi's move to the British Museum Library and his subsequent career there are described, and his often stormy relationship with colleagues noted. Panizzi's achievements in establishing and developing the British Museum as London's national library are discussed and the circumstances of his retirement and succession are considered.

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LCSH

Mathematicians / Great Britain / Biography

Subject

Mathematicians / Great Britain / Biography

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Abstract

Lionel McColvin (1896-1976) is regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of British librarianship. In the specific context of 150 years of public librarianship in Britain, his reputation as a visionary influence is second only to that of the nineteenth-century pioneer Edward Edwards, while in the twentieth century his reputation is unsurpassed. McColvin was the major voice in the mid-twentieth-century movement to reconstruct and modernize public libraries. He is best known as author of The Public Library System of Great Britain: A Report on Its Present Condition with Proposals for Post-war Reorganization, published in 1942 at a moment of intense wartime efforts to assemble plans for social and economic reconstruction. The "McColvin Report," as it came to be termed, was a landmark in the struggle to de-Victorianize the public library, not least by emphasizing the institution's universalism and its function as a national, not just a civic, agency. This article briefly describes McColvin's notable contribution to twentieth-century librarianship, resulting from his work as a public librarian, as a leading figure in the Library Association, and as an influential player in the international library movement. The article's core aim is to offer a critical appraisal of McColvin's vision for public libraries by placing it in the context of the project to build a better postwar world. This project was defined by the conceptualization and development of a welfare state in Britain, the underlying values of which can be seen to correspond to McColvin's national plan for a rejuvenated public library system. McColvin drew on the spirit of the time to produce a plan for public libraries that was shot through with social idealism and commitment and with a confidence in the need for intervention by the state-values that perhaps provide lessons for current and future library and information policymakers and professionals.

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Abstract

Describes the history and origins of the International Institute of Bibliography, founded in 1895 and which later became the FID. Outlines the work of Paul Otlet and his colleagues in developing the idea of universal bibliographic control through the Répertoire Bibliographique Universel and the emergence of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) as the means of its classifies arrangement. Stresses the key role played by this work in developing the main concepts of information science and documentation

Source

International forum on information and documentation. 22(1997) no.2, S.3-15

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper examines William Stetson Merrill, the compiler of A Code for Classifiers and a Newberry Library employee (1889-1930) in an attempt to glean lessons for modern information studies from an early librarian's career. Design/methodology/approach - Merrill's career at the Newberry Library and three editions of the code are briefly examined using historical, bibliographic, and conceptual methods. Primary and secondary sources in archives and libraries are summarized to provide insight into Merrill's attempts to develop or modify tools to solve the knowledge organization problems he faced. The concept of bricolage, developed by Levi-Strauss to explain modalities of thinking, is applied to Merrill's career. Excerpts from his works and reminisces are used to explain Merrill as a bricoleur and highlight the characteristics of bricolage. Findings - Findings show that Merrill worked collaboratively to collocate and integrate a variety of ideas from a diverse group of librarians such as Cutter, Pettee, Poole, Kelley, Rudolph, and Fellows. Bliss and Ranganathan were aware of the code but the extent to which they were influenced by it remains to be explored. Although this is an anachronistic evaluation, Merrill serves as an example of the archetypal information scientist who improvises and integrates methods from bibliography, cataloging, classification, and indexing to solve problems of information retrieval and design usable information products and services for human consumption. Originality/value - Bricolage offers great potential to information practitioners and researchers today as we continue to try and find user-centered solutions to the problems of digital information organization and services.

Source

Journal of documentation. 62(2006) no.4, S.462-481

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Abstract

The death of Brian Vickery sees a great era of classification research coming towards an end. Born in Australia, he completed his schooling in England, before going up to Brasenose to read Chemistry just before the outbreak of the Second World War. Brian was never in the services, but after Oxford he worked as a chemist in the Royal Ordnance Factory from 1941-45. After the War he became a librarian at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). He was a delegate at the Royal Society Scientific Information Conference held in 1948. One of the offshoots of that conference was the formation of a small committee of scientists under the leadership of Professor J.D. Bernal, to make a study of library classification. After two years of discussions, they elicited the assistance of Jack Wells, then editor of the British National Bibliography, and Brian. They circularized a group of colleagues and convened a meeting in February 1952 which led to the formation of the Classification Research Group. As is well known, this Group, all practising librarians, were to exert a groundbreaking influence on the organization and retrieval of information.

Date

22. 7.2010 19:32:06

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 33(2006) no.2, S. 120-121 (S. Ducheyne): "To the readers of this journal the founding founder of bibliography and information science, the Belgian Paul Otlet (1868-1944), ground-layer of the Universal Decimal Classification, anticipator of multimedia, virtual libraries, and the Internet, and co-inventor of the microfilm or, as it was originally called, "le Bibliophote" (p. 107) (an achievement he shares together with Robert Goldschmidt), scarcely needs introduction. Françoise Levie's new biography of Otlet embodies the research she has started with the production of the documentary of the same name (Sofidoc, 2002, 60 min.). It is impossible to give a chapter-bychapter overview of this informatively dense and beautifully illustrated book, which consists of twenty chapters, a concluding piece by Benoît Peeters, a very useful list and description of the pivotal figures in Otlet's life, and a list containing the locations of the sources consulted (an index is, unfortunately, not provided). I will therefore restrict myself by pointing to Levie's innovative contributions to our knowledge of Otlet and to topics that are of genuine interest to the readers of this journal. Levie's book is the result of a fascinating, worldwide quest into the remains of Otlet's work and his international connections. Ever since W Boyd Rayward's monumental 1975 The Universe of Information: The Work of Paul Otlet for Documentation and International Organization (Moscow: VINITI), this book is the second systematic survey of the Collections of the Mundaneum (now, after various peregrinations, preserved at Bergen/Mons, Belgium) (cf. pp. 339-340), which contains Otlet's private documents, the "Otletaneum". Sixty-eight unopened banana boxes were the main source of inspirations for Levie's research. Of special interest in this respect is Levie's discovery of Otlet's 1916 diary "le Cahier Blue". As these boxes were, at the time Levie conducted her research, not classified and as they were thereafter re-divided and re-classified, precise references to this collection are not provided and the text is simply quoted during the course of the book (p. 339). While this is perfectly understandable, I would have welcomed exact references to Otlet's main works such as, for instance, Traité de documentation and Monde, Essai d'universalisme which are also quoted without supplying further details.
Levie's focus is not exclusively on Otlet's contributions to bibliography and information science per se, but aims at offering a very complete, chronological overview of the life and work of Paul Otlet. Levie succeeds very well at documenting Otlet's personal and familial life, and offers ample socio-historical and political contextualisation of Otlet's activities (e.g. the interaction between Otlet's internationalist endeavours and the expansionist politics of King Leopold II (p. 59), and Otlet's ardent pacifism during World War I are relevantly highlighted (pp. 161176)). Levie begins by exploring Otlet's childhood days and by bringing into perspective some of the traits which are relevant to understand his later work. She shows how his father Edouard, an internationally active railway contractor, awoke a mondial awareness in the young Otlet (pp. 20-21) and how his encyclopaedic spirit for the first time found expression in a systematic inventory of the small Mediterranean isle his father bought (L'île du Levant, 1882) (p. 31). From the age of 16 Otlet suffered from a disorder of his literal memory (Otlet's personal testimony in the Cahier Blue, on p. 47), which might perhaps explain his lifelong obsession with completeness and accuracy. Of special interest to the readers of this journal are chapter 4, in which Otlet's and Henri Lafontaine's adaptation of Melvil Dewey's Decimal Classification and the origin of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is discussed in extenso (pp. 5170; also see chapter 6, p. 98 for Otlet's attempt at a universal iconographical index) and chapter 17, in which Traité de documentation (1934) is presented
(pp. 267-277). In chapter 5 (pp. 75-89), Levie discusses Otlet's interest in urbanism (also see, p. 147 ff) and recounts how in Westende he built from scratch a complete coastal village, a kind of miniutopia, in close collaboration with the architects Octave Van Rysselberghe and Henry Van de Velde (unfortunately, it was destroyed in 1914). In close connection to their pacifist ideals, Otlet and his Nobelprize winning co-worker Lafontaine sought to realize a World City and in 1911 saw their ambitions shared by the joint work of the French architect Ernest Hébrard and the American-Norwegian sculptor Hendrik Anderson (pp. 128-141). Later, in the late 1920s, Otlet joined forces with Le Corbusier to establish such a world-centre (pp. 229-247, a 1930 letter of Le Corbusier to Otlet on this matter is reproduced on pages 234-235). In his later moments of desperation, Otlet called on virtually every major political leader, including Mussolini, Franco, and Hitler to achieve this goal (pp. 217-218, p. 294). In these chapters related to architecture, Levie draws extensively on previously unstudied correspondence and adds much detail to our knowledge of Otlet's explorations in this area. In several other chapters, Levie documents in great detail the less unknown rise and downfall of Otlet's "Mondial Palace" (which was inaugurated in 1919) (chapters 12-14 and 16). Looking back on Otlet's endeavours it is not difficult to realize that many of his "utopian" ideas were realized in the course of history. Levie's unique work represents a most welcome update of our knowledge of Otlet. It bears direct relevance for historians of information science and bibliography and historians of architecture, but will, no doubt, attract many scholars from other disciplines, as it places Otlet against the background of several important historical trends and as it is very accessibly written. I take it that publishers are already preparing an English edition of this work - or else, they should be. I wholeheartedly agree with Levie's conclusion that we haven't finished discovering Otlet's work (p. 318)."

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Source

Library science with a slant to documentation. 29(1992) no.2, S.46-57

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Source

Journal of documentation. 63(2007) no.5, S.xxx-xxx

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Content

"Am 22. April jährte sich zum 150. Mal der Geburtstag von Henri Marie La Fontaine (1854-1943) aus Brüssel, einem der bedeutendsten europäischen Friedensaktivisten aus der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1913 ausgezeichnet mit dem Friedensnobelpreis. Den Veteranen der Dokumentationsbewegung wird der Name auch heute noch etwas sagen, waren es doch La Fontaine und sein Freund Paul Otlet, die 1892 das Office International de Bibliographie (OIB) gründeten; getragen von der Idee einer weltweiten universalen Gesamtdokumentation. Mit der Anerkennung des OIB durch die belgische Regierung und der Gründung des Institut International de Bibliographie (IIB) im gleichen Jahr nimmt die moderne Dokumentationsbewegung ihren Lauf. Aus dem IIB wird 1931 das Institut International de Documentation (IID) und 1937 die Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID); die Dezimalklassifikation (DK) wird zum Ordnungssystem der Universaldokumentation erklärt. Die Anerkennung und Förderung durch die belgische Regierung hatte einen realen Hintergrund. La Fontaine war seit 1894 sozialistischer Abgeordneter im belgischen Parlament - seit 1893 auch Professor für Internationales Recht in Brüssel - und hatte sich schon als junger Anwalt kompromisslos mit Fragen der Friedenserhaltung befasst. Es war nur folgerichtig, dass er zu der Erkenntnis gelangte, dass Dokumentation -und damit Information-ein notweniges und damit unverzichtbares Werkzeug zur Völkerverständigung ist. Die Beschäftigung mit der Dokumentation hat aber auch auf seine internationalen Aktivitäten zurückgewirkt. So ist die Idee zur Gründung einer Union der internationalen Organisationen (1907) bei seiner Arbeit im IIB entstanden, das "Yearbook of International Organizations" ist eine Folge davon. La Fontaine war ein überaus vielseitiger Politiker und Jurist. Die Liste seiner Interessen ist lang: Präsident des Internationalen Friedensbüros von 1907 bis an sein Lebensende, belgischer Delegierter bei Friedenskonferenzen; er befasste sich mit Fragen der Abrüstung, der Gründung eines Zusammenschlusses der Nationalstaaten wie der eines Weltgerichtshofs. Und nicht zuletzt setzte er sich für die Rechte der Frauen und den Achtstundenarbeitstag ein. Er war im wahrsten Sinne ein Initiator auf vielen Gebieten. Dass La Fontaine vergessen wurde, hat sicher viele Gründe: Viele seiner Ideen sind heute banale Wirklichkeit. Während der Zeit des nationalsozialistischen Regimes, in der sich die Dokumentation in Deutschland weitgehend formierte und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation 1941 entstand, war er eine Unperson, deren Namen man nicht nannte. Und schließlich: Dokumentation war für ihn nur ein Werkzeug, weder Ideologie, noch Wissenschaft, noch Geschäft, es lohnt sich, daran zu erinnern."

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: VISWANATHAN, T.: Reflections on Dr. S.R. Ranganathan's fifth law; RAJAN, T.N.: The relevance of Dr. Ranganathan's ideas in the information age; SRIVASTAVA, A.P.: Lasting impact of Ranganathan; SINGH, G.: With Dr. S.R. Ranganathan on standards for documentation; KUMAR, G.: Creativity in the thought of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan; GOPINATH, M.A.: Ranganathan's approach to knowledge organization and its impact on modern library and information systems; RAJALAKSHMI, V. u. R. PAL: Ranganathan and the annals; MISHRA, S., M.K. JOSHI u. M.K. MISRA: Relevance of Ranganathan's contribution in the age of information technology

Source

Annals of library science and documentation. 39(1992), no.2

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Abstract

During her thirty years at the Bibliothèque Nationale (BN), Suzanne Briet (1894-1989) made important theoretical, organizational, and institutional contributions to the documentation movement in France. This article attempts to place her documentation work within the context of the far-reaching reform of French libraries, with special attention to the transformation of the BN. Like her colleagues in special libraries, Briet embraced modernity and science. Because of her strong orientation toward humanistic scholarship, however, she viewed documentation service and bibliographic orientation as an enhancement rather than a rejection of the scholarly traditions of the national library. This article will focus on her efforts to integrate the innovative ideas of the documentation movement into the practice of librarianship at the Bibliothèque Nationale.

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Source

Journal of documentation. 54(1998) no.3, S.265-273

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Abstract

George Boole lived a quiet life in mid 19th century Britain, but the influence of his work continues to touch the lives of librarians and library users around the world daily as they search automated databases. Gives a short biography of Boole, who was a mathematical genius and the inventor of 'Boolean operators'

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Footnote

Rez. in: Journal of documentation 50(1994) no.1, S.64-65 (D.J. Foskett); Knowledge organization 20(1993) no.1, S.59 (M.P. Satija); Education for information 11(1993) no.4, S.342-245 (P.B. Mangla)

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Source

Annals of library science and documentation. 41(1994) no.4, S.142-151

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Abstract

The work of the Belgian internationalist and documentalist, Paul Otlet (1868-1944), and his colleagues in Brussles, forms an important and neglected part of the history of information science. They developed a complex of organizations that are similar in important respects functionally to contemporary hypertext/hypermedia systems. These organizations effectively provided for the integration on bibliographic, image and textual databases. Chunks of text on cards or separate sheets were created according to 'the monographic principle' and their physical organization managed by the UDC, created by the Belgians from Melvil Dewey's DDC. This article discusses Otlet's concept of the Office of Documentation and, as examples of an approach to actual hypertext systems, several special Offices of Documentation set up in the International Office of Bibliography. In his Traité de Documentation of 1934, one of the first systematic treatises on what today we would call information science, Otlet speculated imaginatively about telecommunications, text-voice conversion, and what is needed in computer workstations, though of course he does not use this terminology. By assessing how the intellectual paradigm of 19th century positivism shaped Otlet's thinking, this study suggests how, despite its apparent contemporaneity, what he proposed was in fact conceptually different from the hypertext systems that have been developed or speculated about today. Such as analysis paradoxically also suggests the irony that a 'deconstructionist' reading of accounts of theses systems might find embedded in them the postivist approach to knowledge that the system designers would seem on the face of it explicitely to have repudiated

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Footnote

Contribution to part 1 of a 2 part series on the history of documentation and information science