Search (449 results, page 1 of 23)

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Abstract

Demonstrates the use of the Internet to provide general reference sources for the special library in situations where budget and spacxe constraints limit library acquisitions. A brief sample of specific sources is given with current Internet addresses or URLs to provide a starting point for creating a virtual collection. Covers almanacs, dictionaries, encyclopedias, biography, statistics, associations, foreign exchange rates, government information, maps, databases, news, reference sites of the WWW and document sites

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Abstract

This bibliography contains selected cataloging tools an the Internet. It is divided into seven sections as follows: authority management and subject headings tools; cataloging tools by type of materials; dictionaries, encyclopedias, and place names; listservs and workshops; software and vendors; technical service professional organizations; and journals and newsletters. Resources are arranged in alphabetical order under each topic. Selected cataloging tools are annotated. There is some overlap since a given web site can cover many tools.

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Abstract

Dieses Buch bietet einen sehr guten Überblick, wie man sich Informationen schnell und effizient verschaffen kann. Neben Suchmaschinen werden auch Mailing-Listen und Newsgroups (Diskussionforen) vorgestellt. Es wird anschaulich beschrieben, wie sie gegliedert sind und wie man daran teilnehmen kann. Rund die Hälfte des Buches beschäftigt sich mit Spezialrecherchen, wie etwa die Suche nach Software, Personen oder Jobs. Im Kapitel 'Quellen für Aus- und Fortbildung' findet man neben der 'Free Internet Encyclopdedia' und den 'Online Dictionaries' viele weitere nützliche Adressen. Obwohl sich das Buch primär an Profis richtet, ist es auch für Einsteiger geeignet. Die Recherchestrategien werden allgemein verständlich erklärt

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Abstract

Knowledge Organization Systems can comprise thesauri and other controlled lists of keywords, ontologies, classification systems, clustering approaches, taxonomies, gazetteers, dictionaries, lexical databases, concept maps/spaces, semantic road maps, etc. These schemas enable knowledge structuring and management, knowledge-based data processing and systematic access to knowledge structures in individual collections and digital libraries. Used as interactive information services on the Internet they have an increased potential to support the description, discovery and retrieval of heterogeneous information resources and to contribute to an overall resource discovery infrastructure

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Abstract

Natural languages are both complex and dynamic. They are in part formalized through dictionaries and grammar. Dictionaries attempt to provide definitions and examples of various usages for all the words in a language. Grammar, on the other hand, is the system of rules that defines the structure of a language and is concerned with the correct use and application of the language in speaking or writing. The fact that these two mechanisms lag behind the language as currently used is not a serious problem for those living in a language culture and talking their native language. However, the correct choice of words, expressions, and word relationships is much more difficult when speaking or writing in a foreign language. The basics of the grammar of a language may have been learned in school decades ago, and even then there were always several choices for the correct expression for an idea, fact, opinion, or emotion. Although many different parts of speech and their relationships can make for difficult language decisions, prepositions tend to be problematic for nonnative speakers of English, and, in reality, prepositions are a major problem in most languages. Does a speaker or writer say "in the West Coast" or "on the West Coast," or perhaps "at the West Coast"? In Norwegian, we are "in" a city, but "at" a place. But the distinction between cities and places is vague. To be absolutely correct, one really has to learn the right preposition for every single place. A simplistic way of resolving these language issues is to ask a native speaker. But even native speakers may disagree about the right choice of words. If there is disagreement, then one will have to ask more than one native speaker, treat his/her response as a vote for a particular choice, and perhaps choose the majority choice as the best possible alternative. In real life, such a procedure may be impossible or impractical, but in the electronic world, as we shall see, this is quite easy to achieve. Using the vast text repository of the Web, we may get a significant voting base for even the most detailed and distinct phrases. We shall start by introducing a set of examples to present our idea of using the text repository an the Web to aid in making the best word selection, especially for the use of prepositions. Then we will present a more general discussion of the possibilities and limitations of using the Web as an aid for correct writing.

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Abstract

The views of 12 German experts on likely developments in online information provision via the Internet are presented in the form of extended abstracts of published articles

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Abstract

Discusses the constituents of a digital library, noting the place of online catalogues and printed documents. Describes major projects in Germany, including: SSG-FI which covers a number of specific scientific and humanities subjects, accessible through the WWW and based at the SUB Göttingen; IBIS, a collaborative initiative of Bielefeld and Dortmunf universities, concernend with cataloguing Internet resources; Gerhard (German Harvest Automated Retrieval and Directory) based at Oldenburg, a system for the automatic classification and accessing of the resources of a number of German scientific institutions; the online document delivery service of the GBV consortium of 7 German states; WebDOC which is a cooperative project between PICA in the Netherlands, several German libraries and major scholarly publishers and allows for downloading of documents directly on to personal computers; and MEDOC, based in the information technology department of München university and concerned with the digitaization of materials about information technology and the integration of different electronic sources on that subject

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Abstract

Describes German projects forming the basis of digital research libraries with specific examples from the WEBIS project; the SSG-Fachinformationsprojekt; the MEDOC project; the concept of new information structures for science through the Association of German Mathematicians (DMV), Physicists (DPG), Chemists and Computer Scientists as well as the WEBDOC project. Discusses the area of information of a digital library; the development of shared digital holdings; the boundary between free access to subscribers and commercial publishing products; and standardisation of the document format

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Content

Inhalt: Uses, Users, and User Interaction Metadata Applications - Semantic Browsing / Alexander Faaborg, Carl Lagoze Annotation and Recommendation Automatic Classification and Indexing - Cross-Lingual Text Categorization / Nuria Bel, Cornelis H.A. Koster, Marta Villegas - Automatic Multi-label Subject Indexing in a Multilingual Environment / Boris Lauser, Andreas Hotho Web Technologies Topical Crawling, Subject Gateways - VASCODA: A German Scientific Portal for Cross-Searching Distributed Digital Resource Collections / Heike Neuroth, Tamara Pianos Architectures and Systems Knowledge Organization: Concepts - The ADEPT Concept-Based Digital Learning Environment / T.R. Smith, D. Ancona, O. Buchel, M. Freeston, W. Heller, R. Nottrott, T. Tierney, A. Ushakov - A User Evaluation of Hierarchical Phrase Browsing / Katrina D. Edgar, David M. Nichols, Gordon W. Paynter, Kirsten Thomson, Ian H. Witten - Visual Semantic Modeling of Digital Libraries / Qinwei Zhu, Marcos Andre Gongalves, Rao Shen, Lillian Cassell, Edward A. Fox Collection Building and Management Knowledge Organization: Authorities and Works - Automatic Conversion from MARC to FRBR / Christian Monch, Trond Aalberg Information Retrieval in Different Application Areas Digital Preservation Indexing and Searching of Special Document and Collection Information

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Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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Abstract

Reports results of a study to determine the presence of German libraries and companies on the WWW. The investigation included 60 German libraries (30 academic and 30 public libraries) and 50 German companies (30 publishers and 20 mail order firms). The aim was to evaluate the quality of their home pages in terms of information content, currency, graphics, clarity and service. The importance of a Web presence for libraries was found to be comparable to that for companies because of the common basis of production and delivery of output. A Web site is a means of speaking to a target group, transporting the corporate identity, and informing visitors to the site about current activities. It is important for marketing, by offering certain services such as electronic mail ordering via Internet and by presenting products in a new way on the Web. Results show that the currency of libraries' Web sites is far behind the ideal. Public libraries offer little service and rarely utilise the wide range of possibilities given by the WWW. Academic libraries have better service and strive to improve. Companies' home pages show better results than those of the libraries, most especially in the fields of design quality, clarity and coporate identity

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Abstract

The Semantic Web in general and the Linking Open Data initiative in particular encourage institutions to publish, share and interlink their data. This has considerable potential for libraries, which can complement their data by linking it to other, external data sources. This paper details the first linked open data service of the German National Library. The focus is on the challenges met during the inception of this service. Extrapolating from our experiences, the paper further discusses the German National Library's perspective on the future of library data exchange and the potential for the creation of globally interlinked library data. We outline how this process can be facilitated and how new services can be offered based on these growing metadata collections.

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Date

22. 2.1997 19:50:29

Source

Cogito. 1997, H.1, S.22-23

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.2, S.181-182 (J. Scholl): "The book is based an a doctoral thesis titled "Global opportunity and national political economy: The development of internet ventures in Germany," which was supervised by Razeen Sally and accepted at the International Relations Department of the London School of Economics & Political Science, UK, in 2002. Its primary audience, although it is certainly of interest to policy makers, trade press journalists, and industry practitioners, is the academic community, and, in particular, (international) policy, business, business history, information technology, and information science scholars. The book's self-stated purpose is to explain "why Europe, despite initiating a tremendous amount of change ... failed to produce independent internet ventures of note" (p. 1) in contrast to the United States, where Internet start-ups such as Amazon.com, eBay, E*trade, and Yahoo managed to survive the notorious dot.com shakeout of 200I-2002. A few pages down, the objective is restated as "to explore the hypothesis of a global opportunity for technology innovation delivered via the internet and to explain Europe's entrepreneurial response" (p. 4). As a proxy case for Europe, the study provides a broad account of the changing legal and socioeconomic setting during the phase of early Internet adoption and development in Germany throughout the 1990s. The author highlights and details various facets of the entrepreneurial opportunity and compares the German case in some detail to corresponding developments in Sweden. Waesche concludes that starting an Internet business in Germany during that particular period of time was a "wrong country, wrong time" (p. I86) proposition.
In the second part of his book, Waesche discusses the Gerrnan case in further detail. As he outlines, in this country, due to a tradition of "corporatist" and consensual decision making, entrepreneurial activity typically relies an proactive governmental policy making for setting detailed rules of the road. When in the course of the European Union's integration process national, government-controlled or -owned Post, Telephone, & Telegraph (PTT) monopolies were ordered to be dismantled and deregulated, the German federal government, as the owner of the largest PTT an the continent, opted in favor of a relatively slow and phased approach to privatization and dissection that spun over the major part of the 1990s, coinciding with the global rise of the Internet. Since the PTT managed to maintain its full control over the last mile into the new millennium, it was in a position to stifle the proliferation of the Internet via drastically increased fees for metered local calls. At that time, flat rates for Internet access were not available. To make the prospects for rapid growth even worse, the PTT, as the owner of German cable TV networks, decided to bar those networks from Internet access too. Other providers of physical network infrastructures appeared late an the scene, and play a minor role even today. Hence, accessing the Internet as a consumer or as a small-to-medium business was confined to phone lines with slow connection speeds at a prohibitively high price. As a result, the Internet had a very slow start in Germany. However, German Internet entrepreneurship was not only curtailed by weak demand, but also through insufficient capital supply. Unlike their U.S. counterparts, German Internet entrepreneurs had little or no access to a well-established and technology-savvy venture capitalist community for the most part of the 1990s. They instead had to resort to traditional instruments such as bank loans and self-financing, such that German Internet startups were undercapitalized and not geared for rapid growth. When the Neuer Markt (designed as a German NASDAQ equivalent) finally started providing capital to German Internet firms, it was rather late for helping German startups expand to a global reach. While U.S. Internet startups enjoyed a deregulated as well as an innovation- and technology-friendly domestic environment that readily provided sufficient capital supply and fostered a rapidly growing demand base, German startups had to fight an uphill battle in many respects. The domestic demand base had been artificially curtailed, deregulation had not fully unfolded, capital supply was initially weak, and a widespread mentality of embracing technological and social change was mostly absent in the German society of the 1990s. Unsurprisingly, quite a few U.S. Internet startups managed to grow into a global presence, with the strongest surviving the inevitable shakeout, while global players from Germany are missing.
Assessing the book's academic contribution presents a challenging task, which would have been easier to perform had the purpose been stated more precisely. To the business historian the study casts some light an a relatively short period of time (basically the years 1995 to 1998) of German technology-related policy making, its short-term effects, and the fate of a special breed of entrepreneurial activity during that period of time. The study demonstrates that German Start-ups could not help but miss a global opportunity should that opportunity have existed an a broad scale, at all (for example, why, globally speaking, are there only U.S. survivors of the first wave of "pure" Internet businesses? In other words, to what extent was the opportunity already a global one at that early stage?). The reviewer tends to be skeptical regarding that conjecture. Today, the New Economy euphoria has vanished in favor of a more realistic perspective that acknowledges the tremendous long-term potential of an increasingly global economy with the Internet as an important backbone of this development. In fact, meanwhile it has become undeniable that so-called Old Economy organizations (including governments) were relatively quick an their feet in embracing and even driving the new technological opportunities, therefore contributing to the global change and opportunity decisively more than all first and second-wave Internet startups taken together. Rather than Old versus New Economy, the Internet has challenged almost every organization around the world to change the old way in favor of a new, Internet-related way of doing business. In that regard, the pure Internet entrepreneurial opportunity existed only for a short while when traditional businesses had difficulties to acknowledge the extent and immediacy of the opportunity/threat of a new business model. It is revealing, for example, that Amazon.com, in order to survive, had to divert from its original broker-type model to more traditional ways of retailing books, CDs, Computer equipment, etc., with most of the backend logistics not far from those of traditional players. A 2002 dissertation and a 2003 book should, it is felt, be more critically reflective in that regard rather than stick to a 1998 perspective of an assumed immediate and revolutionary change from brick-and-mortar-based business to a "clicks and cookies" economy.
Waesche sparsely Sketches out a theoretical framework for his study combining "network thinking," which he Claims to stand in the Schumpeterian research tradition, with classical institutional theory a la Max Weber. It is not clear, though, how this theory has guided his empirical research. No detailed hypotheses are presented, which would further clarify what was studied. Beyond the rudimentary framework, the author presents a concept of "refraction" denoting the "distorting effect national institutions have an a global innovation opportunity" (p. 17). Again, no hypotheses or measures for this concept are developed. No indication is given about which specific academic contribution was intended to be made and which particular gap of knowledge was attempted to be filled. Waesche's book would have greatly benefited from a more sharply posed and more detailed set of research questions. Instead we leam many details about the German situation in general and about the perceptions of individual players, particularly managerial personnel, in entrepreneurial Internet businesses in a specific Situation within a relatively short period of time. While many of those details are interesting in their own right, the reader is left wondering what the study's novelty is, what it specifically uncovered, what the frame of reference was, and what was finally learned. Contrary to its Claim and unlike a Chandlerian treatment of business history, the study does not explain, it rather just deseribes a particular historical situation. Consequently, the author refrains from presenting any new theory or prescriptive framework in his concluding remarks, but rather briefly revisits and summarizes the presening chapters. The study's empirical basis consists of two surveys with Sample sizes of 123 and 30 as well as a total of 68 interviews. The surveys and interviews were mostly completed between July of 1997 and November of 1999. Although descriptive statistics and detailed demographic information is provided in the appendix, the questionnaires and interview protocols are not included, making it difficult to follow the research undertaking. In summary, while undeniably a number of interesting and illustrative details regarding early Internet entrepreneurship in Germany are accounted for in Waesche's book, it would have provided a much stronger academic contribution had it developed a sound theory upfront and then empirically tested that theory. Alternatively the author could have singled out certain gaps in existing theory, and then attempted to fill those gaps by providing empirical evidence. In either case, he would have almost inevitably arrived at new insights directing to further study."

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5. 8.2001 12:22:47

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Abstract

Technical information sources on the Internet are still relatively unstructured despite several attempts at indexing and despite the use of search mechanisms to bring such information sources together. Discusses, from the perspective of the concept of a clearinghouse, methods for the retrieval, concentration and structuring of technical information sources on the Internet for specific user groups. Cooperation between information institutions such as the German Research Society (DFG) special subject libraries and other similar special libraries can promote the establishment of value added services in the realm of information retrieval. Outlines the consequences of the increasing use of networked information sourvces on library work and on librarians' job profiles in general