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Date

26. 7.2002 12:20:23

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Abstract

OPACs (Online Public Access Catalogues) sind heute meist der einzige Zugang zu den Beständen einer Bibliothek, doch zeigt die Praxis, dass viele Nutzer Probleme bei der Bedienung elektronischer Kataloge haben. Ein guter OPAC muss deshalb über ein durchdachtes Online-Hilfesystem verfügen. Die Arbeit leistet eine Bestandsaufnahme und kritische Diskussion der an deutschen Universitäts-OPACs implementierten Online-Hilfesysteme. Außer den verschiedenen Formen von Hilfetexten werden dabei auch Hilfen wie Rechtschreibkorrektur, Suchergebnisfilter und Recommender miteinbezogen. Grundlagen der Analyse sind zum einen eine funktionsbezogene Klassifikation der Hilfen, zum anderen die Einführung der Begriffe Effektivität und Effizienz, die als Parameter zur Bestimmung des Nutzens eines Hilfesystems dienen. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung stellt die Autorin Prinzipien eines effizienten Hilfesystems vor. Das Buch richtet sich an Leser aus den Bereichen Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen sowie Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation.

Date

22. 6.2008 13:03:30

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Date

26. 7.2002 12:02:02

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Date

26. 7.2002 13:23:28

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Abstract

An argument that information exists at different levels of analysis-syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic-and an exploration of the implications. Although this is the Information Age, there is no universal agreement about what information really is. Different disciplines view information differently; engineers, computer scientists, economists, linguists, and philosophers all take varying and apparently disconnected approaches. In this book, Antonio Badia distinguishes four levels of analysis brought to bear on information: syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and network-based. Badia explains each of these theoretical approaches in turn, discussing, among other topics, theories of Claude Shannon and Andrey Kolomogorov, Fred Dretske's description of information flow, and ideas on receiver impact and informational interactions. Badia argues that all these theories describe the same phenomena from different perspectives, each one narrower than the previous one. The syntactic approach is the more general one, but it fails to specify when information is meaningful to an agent, which is the focus of the semantic and pragmatic approaches. The network-based approach, meanwhile, provides a framework to understand information use among agents. Badia then explores the consequences of understanding information as existing at several levels. Humans live at the semantic and pragmatic level (and at the network level as a society), computers at the syntactic level. This sheds light on some recent issues, including "fake news" (computers cannot tell whether a statement is true or not, because truth is a semantic notion) and "algorithmic bias" (a pragmatic, not syntactic concern). Humans, not computers, the book argues, have the ability to solve these issues.

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Content

Introduction (Counterpoise interview with Kristin Hoyer, 2005) -- Why catalog? (u*l 116, 2000) -- Must "the poor" always be among us? (u*l 117, 2000) -- The top censored library stories of 1998-2000 (u*l 118, 2001) -- Updates and additions (u*l 119, 2001) -- Updates and additions (u*l 120, 2001) -- No more shushing : library staff and users speak (part 1) (u*l 121, 2001) -- Harry Potter imperiled, keyword searching as panacea, Robin Hood's noble liege, and other foolishness (u*l 124, 2002) -- "Not in my library!" (u*l 125, 2002) -- Updates and additions (u*l 127, 2003) -- Cuba libre! (u*l 128, 2003) -- No more shushing : library staff and users speak (part 2), more on Cuba (u*l 129, 2003) -- King County responds, "Banned books week" deconstructed, cataloging blues at LAPL, Loompanics' Mike Hoy on censorship, deep-sixed Afghan atrocity film, Cuba again (u*l 130, 2004) -- Access denied (u*l 133, 2004) -- Squelched letters, more access denied (u*l 134, 2005) -- Fighting the USA Patriot Act, updates and additions (u*l 135, 2005) -- UCLA cross-refs, AACR3, library openness (u*l 136, 2005) -- Cataloging zines and widgets (u*l 137, 2005) -- Questions (u*l 138, 2006) -- "Genocide" or merely "massacres"? : the politics of subject cataloging (u*l 139, 2006) -- Darfur revisited, GLBT access denied (u*l 140, 2006) -- Subject cataloging (part 1) (u*l 143, 2007) -- Subject cataloging (part 2) (u*l 142, 2007) -- Subject cataloging (postscript), self-censorship (u*l 143, 2007) -- Obsessions (u*l 144, 2007) -- Huh?, fines and fees, self-censorship (continued) (u*l 145, 2007) -- "Controversial" cataloging (u*l 146, 2008) -- Flawed indexing, erotica selection, subject heading currency, undercataloging (u*l 147, 2008) -- Darfur redux, LC cataloging rescue, subject heading currency (u*l 148, 2008) -- Book, many missed opportunities, or why cataloging matters (when it's done right) (u*l 149, 2008) -- Cats, cataloging, fines, and BBW (Banned books week) (u*l 150, 2009) -- More classism in the stacks (u*l 151, 2009) -- Cataloging stink, truth in materials selection, CEO pay (u*l 152, 2009) -- Liberated foreword, unrequited LC letters (u*l 153, 2009) -- Nation gets it wrong, more unrequited LC letters, LCSH currency (u*l 154, 2010) -- More (attempted) LCSH input, geopolitics versus historical truth (u*l 155, 2010) -- LCSH currency (continued), libraries and politics, retiring the r-word, Celeste West tribute (u*l 156, 2010) -- The kids are not all right (u*l 157, 2010) -- Remembrance of things past, interview excerpts (u*l 158, 2011) -- More interview excerpts, atheist deficit, what Rosa said (u*l 159, 2011) -- No to government secrecy and repression! (u*l 160, 2011) -- Word peeves, "content-enriched metadata," no "sexting" allowed (u*l 161, 2011) -- Really banned books, another word peeve, Clint's fantasy, OWS library trashed, PFC Manning's gift (u*l 162, 2012) -- Post office crisis, LC letters (u*l 163, 2012) -- Another real banning, the trashing of both Hypatia and her library, not-so-funny cataloging (u*l 164, 2012) -- Laureates support PFC Manning, self-censorship affirmed, J'accuse LC of untimeliness and sloth, let's hear it for Robin Hood! (u*l 166, 2013).

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Content

Section 1 Context and purpose of knowledge architecture -- 1 Making the case for knowledge architecture -- 2 The landscape of knowledge assets -- 3 Knowledge architecture and design -- 4 Knowledge architecture reference model -- 5 Knowledge architecture segments -- Section 2 Designing for availability -- 6 Knowledge object modeling -- 7 Knowledge structures for encoding, formatting, and packaging -- 8 Functional architecture for identification and distinction -- 9 Functional architectures for knowledge asset disposition and destruction -- 10 Functional architecture designs for knowledge preservation and conservation -- Section 3 Designing for accessibility -- 11 Functional architectures for knowledge seeking and discovery -- 12 Functional architecture for knowledge search -- 13 Functional architecture for knowledge categorization -- 14 Functional architectures for indexing and keywording -- 15 Functional architecture for knowledge semantics -- 16 Functional architecture for knowledge abstraction and surrogation -- Section 4 Functional architectures to support knowledge consumption -- 17 Functional architecture for knowledge augmentation, derivation, and synthesis -- 18 Functional architecture to manage risk and harm -- 19 Functional architectures for knowledge authentication and provenance -- 20 Functional architectures for securing knowledge assets -- 21 Functional architectures for authorization and asset management -- Section 5 Pulling it all together - the big picture knowledge architecture -- 22 Functional architecture for knowledge metadata and metainformation -- 23 The whole knowledge architecture - pulling it all together