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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST. 54(2003) no.9, S.908-909 (L. Ennis): "This is a timely and important addition to the growing body of work an libraries and digital collections. Both Deegan and Tanner bring a wide array of experience and knowledge to the work creating a valuable resource for librarians and digital collection managers. The book is the first in what the authors hope will become a series of volumes covering various issues of digital futures. Digital Futures: Strategies for the Information Age contains nine main chapters divided into sections, an introduction, a conclusion, a bibliography, a glossary, and an index. Each chapter begins with a quote or two and an introduction to help set the stage for the rest of the chapter. The first chapter, "Digital Futures in Current Context," outlines the myriad of changes in information technology from the past 50 years and the impact of those changes an libraries, library practices, and publishing. The book is written for people with little or no prior knowledge of information technology, so technologically savvy readers may find the first chapter a little elementary. For instance, the chapter includes a good bit of the history and workings of the Internet and World Wide Web. However, without the chapter included in the text, the work world lack a real starting point for the narrative and possibly alienate readers just starting their voyage into information science. The second chapter, "Why Digitize?" discusses why libraries and librarians should consider digital projects as a means of providing access. While the concentration is an the benefits of digital projects, the authors are also careful to point out various pitfalls and stumbling blocks to creating, managing, and preserving a digital collection. To help demonstrate their point, the authors include examples of a number of active projects covering newspapers, photo collections, books, and periodicals, and provide URLs so readers can visit the projects an their own. This chapter gives the reader a good overview of the various issues surrounding digitization as well as practical examples. While the first two chapters are a good introduction to the subject and examine theoretical issues, the next two chapters begin take an more practical issues. In Chapter Three, "Developing Collections in the Digital World," and four, "The Economic Factors," the authors explore how digital collections work with traditional library collecfions and how collection development for digital resources differs from collection development of non-digital resources. One of the most interesting topics of these chapters covers the issues surrounding serials using JSTOR and Project MUSE as examples. E-books and their impact an libraries is also discussed. The remaining chapters are by far the most timely and important parts of the work. Chapter Five, "Resource Discovery, Description and Use," examines the growing area of metadata and its importance for libraries and librarians. The chapter begins with a look at how the World Wide Web works and the problems with search engines and then evolves into a discussion of what metadata is, the types of metadata, and metadata creation. The authors explain that one of the biggest problems with the World Wide Web is that the construction and description of web pages is imprecise. The solution for bettering retrieval is metadata.
The most common definition for metadata is "data about data." What metadata does is provide schemes for describing, organizing, exchanging, and receiving information over networks. The authors explain how metadata is used to describe resources by tagging item attributes like author, title, creation date, key words, file formats, compression, etc. The most well known scheme is MARC, but other schemes are developing for creating and managing digital collections, such as XML, TEI, EAD, and Dublin Core. The authors also do a good job of describing the difference between metadata and mark-up languages like HTML. The next two chapters discuss developing, designing, and providing access to a digital collection. In Chapter Six, "Developing and Designing Systems for Sharing Digital Resources," the authors examine a number of issues related to designing a shared collection. For instance, one issue the authors examine is interoperability. The authors stress that when designing a digital collection the creators should take care to ensure that their collection is "managed in such a way as to maximize opportunities for exchange and reuse of information, whether internally or externally" (p. 140). As a complement to Chapter Six, Chapter Seven, "Portals and Personalization: Mechanisms for End-user Access," focuses an the other end of the process; how the collection is used once it is made available. The majority of this chapter concentrates an the use of portals or gateways to digital collections. One example the authors use is MyLibrary@NCState, which provides the university community with a flexible user-drive customizable portal that allows user to access remote and local resources. The work logically concludes with a chapter an preservation and a chapter an the evolving role of librarians. Chapter Eight, "Preservation," is a thought-provoking discussion an preserving digital data and digitization as a preservation technique. The authors do a good job of relaying the complexity of preservation issues in a digital world in a single chapter. While the authors do not answer their questions, they definitely provide the reader wich some things to ponder. The final chapter, "Digital Librarians: New Roles for the Information Age," outlines where the authors believe librarianship is headed. Throughout the work they stress the role of the librarian in the digital world, but Chapter Nine really brings the point home. As the authors stress, librarians have always managed information and as experienced leaders in the information field, librarians are uniquely suited to take the digital bull by the horns. Also, the role of the librarian and what librarians can do is growing and evolving. The authors suggest that librarians are likely to move into rotes such as knowledge mediator, information architect, hybrid librarian-who brings resources and technologies together, and knowledge preserver. While these librarians must have the technical skills to cope with new technologies, the authors also state that management skills and subject skills will prove equally important.

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Content

Inhalt u.a.: Ontologies - Ontology-Based Question Answering for Digital Libraries / Stephan Bloehdorn, Philipp Cimiano, Alistair Duke, Peter Haase, Jörg Heizmann, Ian Thurlow and Johanna Völker Digital libraries and the Web Models Multimedia and multilingual DLs - Roadmap for MultiLingual Information Access in the European Library / Maristella Agosti, Martin Braschler, Nicola Ferro, Carol Peters and Sjoerd Siebinga Grid and peer-to-peer Preservation User interfaces Document linking Information retrieval - Thesaurus-Based Feedback to Support Mixed Search and Browsing Environments / Edgar Meij and Maarten de Rijke - Extending Semantic Matching Towards Digital Library Contexts / László Kovács and András Micsik Personal information management New DL applications User studies

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Content

Inhalt: SESSION: Building and using cultural digital libraries Primarily history: historians and the search for primary source materials (Helen R. Tibbo) - Using the Gamera framework for the recognition of cultural heritage materials (Michael Droettboom, Ichiro Fujinaga, Karl MacMillan, G. Sayeed Chouhury, Tim DiLauro, Mark Patton, Teal Anderson) - Supporting access to large digital oral history archives (Samuel Gustman, Dagobert Soergel, Douglas Oard, William Byrne, Michael Picheny, Bhuvana Ramabhadran, Douglas Greenberg) SESSION: Summarization and question answering Using sentence-selection heuristics to rank text segments in TXTRACTOR (Daniel McDonald, Hsinchun Chen) - Using librarian techniques in automatic text summarization for information retrieval (Min-Yen Kan, Judith L. Klavans) - QuASM: a system for question answering using semi-structured data (David Pinto, Michael Branstein, Ryan Coleman, W. Bruce Croft, Matthew King, Wei Li, Xing Wei) SESSION: Studying users Reading-in-the-small: a study of reading on small form factor devices (Catherine C. Marshall, Christine Ruotolo) - A graph-based recommender system for digital library (Zan Huang, Wingyan Chung, Thian-Huat Ong, Hsinchun Chen) - The effects of topic familiarity on information search behavior (Diane Kelly, Colleen Cool) SESSION: Classification and browsing A language modelling approach to relevance profiling for document browsing (David J. Harper, Sara Coulthard, Sun Yixing) - Compound descriptors in context: a matching function for classifications and thesauri (Douglas Tudhope, Ceri Binding, Dorothee Blocks, Daniel Cunliffe) - Structuring keyword-based queries for web databases (Rodrigo C. Vieira, Pavel Calado, Altigran S. da Silva, Alberto H. F. Laender, Berthier A. Ribeiro-Neto) - An approach to automatic classification of text for information retrieval (Hong Cui, P. Bryan Heidorn, Hong Zhang)
SESSION: Federating and harvesting metadata DP9: an OAI gateway service for web crawlers (Xiaoming Liu, Kurt Maly, Mohammad Zubair, Michael L. Nelson) - The Greenstone plugin architecture (Ian H. Witten, David Bainbridge, Gordon Paynter, Stefan Boddie) - Building FLOW: federating libraries on the web (Anna Keller Gold, Karen S. Baker, Jean-Yves LeMeur, Kim Baldridge) - JAFER ToolKit project: interfacing Z39.50 and XML (Antony Corfield, Matthew Dovey, Richard Mawby, Colin Tatham) - Schema extraction from XML collections (Boris Chidlovskii) - Mirroring an OAI archive on the I2-DSI channel (Ashwini Pande, Malini Kothapalli, Ryan Richardson, Edward A. Fox) SESSION: Music digital libraries HMM-based musical query retrieval (Jonah Shifrin, Bryan Pardo, Colin Meek, William Birmingham) - A comparison of melodic database retrieval techniques using sung queries (Ning Hu, Roger B. Dannenberg) - Enhancing access to the levy sheet music collection: reconstructing full-text lyrics from syllables (Brian Wingenroth, Mark Patton, Tim DiLauro) - Evaluating automatic melody segmentation aimed at music information retrieval (Massimo Melucci, Nicola Orio) SESSION: Preserving, securing, and assessing digital libraries A methodology and system for preserving digital data (Raymond A. Lorie) - Modeling web data (James C. French) - An evaluation model for a digital library services tool (Jim Dorward, Derek Reinke, Mimi Recker) - Why watermark?: the copyright need for an engineering solution (Michael Seadle, J. R. Deller, Jr., Aparna Gurijala) SESSION: Image and cultural digital libraries Time as essence for photo browsing through personal digital libraries (Adrian Graham, Hector Garcia-Molina, Andreas Paepcke, Terry Winograd) - Toward a distributed terabyte text retrieval system in China-US million book digital library (Bin Liu, Wen Gao, Ling Zhang, Tie-jun Huang, Xiao-ming Zhang, Jun Cheng) - Enhanced perspectives for historical and cultural documentaries using informedia technologies (Howard D. Wactlar, Ching-chih Chen) - Interfaces for palmtop image search (Mark Derthick)
SESSION: Digital libraries for spatial data The ADEPT digital library architecture (Greg Janée, James Frew) - G-Portal: a map-based digital library for distributed geospatial and georeferenced resources (Ee-Peng Lim, Dion Hoe-Lian Goh, Zehua Liu, Wee-Keong Ng, Christopher Soo-Guan Khoo, Susan Ellen Higgins) PANEL SESSION: Panels You mean I have to do what with whom: statewide museum/library DIGI collaborative digitization projects---the experiences of California, Colorado & North Carolina (Nancy Allen, Liz Bishoff, Robin Chandler, Kevin Cherry) - Overcoming impediments to effective health and biomedical digital libraries (William Hersh, Jan Velterop, Alexa McCray, Gunther Eynsenbach, Mark Boguski) - The challenges of statistical digital libraries (Cathryn Dippo, Patricia Cruse, Ann Green, Carol Hert) - Biodiversity and biocomplexity informatics: policy and implementation science versus citizen science (P. Bryan Heidorn) - Panel on digital preservation (Joyce Ray, Robin Dale, Reagan Moore, Vicky Reich, William Underwood, Alexa T. McCray) - NSDL: from prototype to production to transformational national resource (William Y. Arms, Edward Fox, Jeanne Narum, Ellen Hoffman) - How important is metadata? (Hector Garcia-Molina, Diane Hillmann, Carl Lagoze, Elizabeth Liddy, Stuart Weibel) - Planning for future digital libraries programs (Stephen M. Griffin) DEMONSTRATION SESSION: Demonstrations u.a.: FACET: thesaurus retrieval with semantic term expansion (Douglas Tudhope, Ceri Binding, Dorothee Blocks, Daniel Cunliffe) - MedTextus: an intelligent web-based medical meta-search system (Bin Zhu, Gondy Leroy, Hsinchun Chen, Yongchi Chen) POSTER SESSION: Posters TUTORIAL SESSION: Tutorials u.a.: Thesauri and ontologies in digital libraries: 1. structure and use in knowledge-based assistance to users (Dagobert Soergel) - How to build a digital library using open-source software (Ian H. Witten) - Thesauri and ontologies in digital libraries: 2. design, evaluation, and development (Dagobert Soergel) WORKSHOP SESSION: Workshops Document search interface design for large-scale collections and intelligent access (Javed Mostafa) - Visual interfaces to digital libraries (Katy Börner, Chaomei Chen) - Text retrieval conference (TREC) genomics pre-track workshop (William Hersh)

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Footnote

Ultimately, the book emphasizes that universal access to a worldwide digital library is the common goal among all digital library designers. Being able to view the same information, no matter what format the material is in, is one of the next steps toward reaching this goal. This book also addresses various additional problems with designing and using digital libraries, such as pricing and costs, and the range of media types that currently exist. The writing styles differ from chapter to chapter because each is written by a different set of authors. In addition, the material in the chapters is presented quite diversely. For example, in chapter 5, the methodology section of the case study is explained in the form of mathematical equations, algorithms, and charts, and chapter 13 contains complex figures and diagrams, whereas on the other hand, chapter 16 is completely written in text. Although the different ways that the case studies are presented could be considered confusing to some, the entire book remains consistent and truly comes together as a whole because the chapters are organized so sensibly. Many figures, graphs, and tables are also provided throughout the chapters to guide readers visually. Particularly helpful are the sample screen shots of digital libraries in chapter 11. Here, readers can see exactly what would be seen when viewing a digital library catalog. In general, the language and style of the book are easy to understand, and any uncommon words and phrases are always clearly defined and explained. The authors mention that the book is primarily written for academics, college students, and practitioners who may want to learn more about the design and development of digital libraries. The authors do seem to target this audience because the language and writing style seem to be geared toward members of academia, although they may represent a wide variety of disciplines. As well, computer scientists and software developers who are interested in and have been researching digital libraries will find this book useful and applicable to their current research. In conclusion, this book provides a wide variation of case studies that prove to be informative to researchers interested in the development and future progress of digital libraries. In the information world that we live in today, digital libraries are becoming more and more prominent, and the case studies presented demonstrate that the vision for the future of digital libraries is to be able to include all types of materials, cultures, and languages within a single system. All in all, this book instills value to society and all members of the academic world can learn from it."