-
Rayward, W.B.: Visions of Xanadu : Paul Otlet (1868-1944) and hypertext (1994)
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- Abstract
- The work of the Belgian internationalist and documentalist, Paul Otlet (1868-1944), and his colleagues in Brussles, forms an important and neglected part of the history of information science. They developed a complex of organizations that are similar in important respects functionally to contemporary hypertext/hypermedia systems. These organizations effectively provided for the integration on bibliographic, image and textual databases. Chunks of text on cards or separate sheets were created according to 'the monographic principle' and their physical organization managed by the UDC, created by the Belgians from Melvil Dewey's DDC. This article discusses Otlet's concept of the Office of Documentation and, as examples of an approach to actual hypertext systems, several special Offices of Documentation set up in the International Office of Bibliography. In his Traité de Documentation of 1934, one of the first systematic treatises on what today we would call information science, Otlet speculated imaginatively about telecommunications, text-voice conversion, and what is needed in computer workstations, though of course he does not use this terminology. By assessing how the intellectual paradigm of 19th century positivism shaped Otlet's thinking, this study suggests how, despite its apparent contemporaneity, what he proposed was in fact conceptually different from the hypertext systems that have been developed or speculated about today. Such as analysis paradoxically also suggests the irony that a 'deconstructionist' reading of accounts of theses systems might find embedded in them the postivist approach to knowledge that the system designers would seem on the face of it explicitely to have repudiated
-
Heide, L.: Punched-card systems and the early information explosion, 1880-1945 (2009)
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- Abstract
- At a time when Internet use is closely tracked and social networking sites supply data for targeted advertising, Lars Heide presents the first academic study of the invention that fueled today's information revolution: the punched card. Early punched cards were first developed to process the United States census in 1890. They were soon used to calculate invoices and to issue pay slips. As demand for more sophisticated systems and reading machines increased in both the United States and Europe, punched cards were no longer a simple data-processing tool. Insurance companies, public utilities, businesses, and governments all used them to keep detailed records of their customers, competitors, employees, citizens, and enemies. The United States used punched-card registers in the late 1930s to pay roughly 21 million Americans their Social Security pensions; Vichy France used similar technologies in an attempt to mobilize an army against the occupying German forces; Germans in 1941 developed several punched-card registers to make the war effort more effective. Heide's analysis of these three major punched-card systems, as well as the impact of the invention on Great Britain, illustrates how industrial nations established administrative systems that enabled them to locate and control their citizens, for better or for worse. Heide's comparative study of the development of punched-card systems in the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany explores how different cultures collected personal and financial data and how they adapted to new technologies. He examines this history for both its business and technological implications in today's information-dependent society. "Punched-Card Systems in the Early Information Explosion, 1880-1945" will interest students and scholars from a wide range of disciplines, including the history of technology, computer science, business history, and management and organizational studies.
- Content
- Inhalt: Punched cards and the 1890 United States census -- New users, new machines -- U.S. challengers to Hollerith -- The rise of international business machines -- Decline of punched cards for European census processing -- Punched cards for general statistics in Europe -- Different roads to European punched-card bookkeeping -- Keeping tabs on society with punched cards.
- LCSH
- Information technology / Europe
- Subject
- Information technology / Europe
-
Zedelmaier, H.: Werkstätten des Wissens zwischen Renaissance und Aufklärung (2015)
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- LCSH
- Learning and scholarship / Europe / History
Europe / Intellectual life / History
- Subject
- Learning and scholarship / Europe / History
Europe / Intellectual life / History
-
Zerbst, H.-J.; Kaptein, O.: Gegenwärtiger Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der Sacherschließung : Auswertung einer Umfrage an deutschen wissenschaftlichen und Öffentlichen Bibliotheken (1993)
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- Abstract
- Ergebnis einer Umfrage aus dem Frühjahr 1993. A. Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken: Versandt wurde der Fragebogen an die Mitglieder der Sektion IV des DBV. Fragen: (1a) Um welchen Bestand handelt es sich, der sachlich erschlossen wird? (1b) Wie groß ist dieser Bestand? (1c) Wird dieser Bestand vollständig oder nur in Auswahl (einzelne Fächer, Lehrbücher, Dissertationen o.ä.) sachlich erschlossen? (1d) Seit wann bestehen die jetzigen Sachkataloge? (2) Auf welche Art wird der Bestand zur Zeit sachlich erschlossen? (3a) Welche Klassifikation wird angewendet? (3b) Gibt es alphabetisches SyK-Register bzw. einen Zugriff auf die Klassenbeschreibungen? (3c) Gibt es ergänzende Schlüssel für die Aspekte Ort, Zeit, Form? (4) Falls Sie einen SWK führen (a) nach welchem Regelwerk? (b) Gibt es ein genormtes Vokabular oder einen Thesaurus (ggf. nur für bestimmte Fächer)? (5) In welcher Form existieren die Sachkataloge? (6) Ist die Bibliothek an einer kooperativen Sacherschließung, z.B. in einem Verbund beteiligt? [Nein: 79%] (7) Nutzen Sie Fremdleistungen bei der Sacherschließung? [Ja: 46%] (8) Welche sachlichen Suchmöglichkeiten gibt es für Benutzer? (9) Sind zukünftige Veränderungen bei der Sacherschließung geplant? [Ja: 73%]. - B. Öffentliche Bibliotheken: Die Umfrage richtete sich an alle ÖBs der Sektionen I, II und III des DBV. Fragen: (1) Welche Sachkataloge führen Sie? (2) Welche Klassifikationen (Systematiken) liegen dem SyK zugrunde? [ASB: 242; KAB: 333; SfB: 4 (???); SSD: 11; Berliner: 18] (3) Führen Sie ein eigenes Schlagwort-Register zum SyK bzw. zur Klassifikation (Systematik)? (4) Führen Sie den SWK nach ...? [RSWK: 132 (= ca. 60%) anderen Regeln: 93] (5) Seit wann bestehen die jetzigen Sachkataloge? (6) In welcher Form existiern die Sachkataloge? (7) In welchem Umfang wird der Bestand erschlossen? (8) Welche Signaturen verwenden Sie? (9) Ist die Bibliothek an einer kooperativen Sacherschließung, z.B. einem Verbund, beteiligt? [Nein: 96%] (10) Nutzen Sie Fremdleistungen bei der Sacherschließung? [Ja: 70%] (11) Woher beziehen Sie diese Fremdleistungen? (12) Verfügen Sie über ein Online-Katalogsystem mit OPAC? [Ja: 78; Nein: 614] (13) Sind zukünftig Veränderungen bei der Sacherschließung geplant? [Nein: 458; Ja: 237]; RESÜMEE für ÖB: "(i) Einführung von EDV-Katalogen bleibt auch in den 90er Jahren ein Thema, (ii) Der Aufbau von SWK wird in vielen Bibliotheken in Angriff genommen, dabei spielt die Fremddatenübernahme eine entscheidende Rolle, (iii) RSWK werden zunehmend angewandt, Nutzung der SWD auch für andere Regeln wirkt normierend, (iv) Große Bewegung auf dem 'Systematik-Markt' ist in absehbarer Zeit nicht zu erwarten, (v) Für kleinere Bibliotheken wird der Zettelkatalog auf absehbare Zeit noch die herrschende Katalogform sein, (vi) Der erhebliche Nachholbedarf in den neuen Bundesländern wird nur in einem größeren Zeitraum zu leisten sein. ??? SPEZIALBIBIOTHEKEN ???
-
Schrettinger, M.: Versuch eines vollständigen Lehrbuchs der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft (1808-29)
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-
Leyh, G.: ¬Das Dogma von der systematischen Aufstellung : T.1 (1912)
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- Source
- Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen. 29(1912), S.241-259
-
Historical aspects of cataloging and classification : Pt. 1 (2003)
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- Date
- 31. 7.2006 15:04:29
-
Steierwald, U.: Wissen und System : zu Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz' Theorie einer Universalbibliothek (1995)
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- Series
- Kölner Arbeiten zum Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesen; H.22
-
Wright, A.: Cataloging the world : Paul Otlet and the birth of the information age (2014)
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- Abstract
- In 1934, a Belgian entrepreneur named Paul Otlet sketched out plans for a worldwide network of computers-or "electric telescopes," as he called them - that would allow people anywhere in the world to search and browse through millions of books, newspapers, photographs, films and sound recordings, all linked together in what he termed a reseau mondial: a "worldwide web." Today, Otlet and his visionary proto-Internet have been all but forgotten, thanks to a series of historical misfortunes - not least of which involved the Nazis marching into Brussels and destroying most of his life's work. In the years since Otlet's death, however, the world has witnessed the emergence of a global network that has proved him right about the possibilities - and the perils - of networked information. In Cataloging the World, Alex Wright brings to light the forgotten genius of Paul Otlet, an introverted librarian who harbored a bookworm's dream to organize all the world's information. Recognizing the limitations of traditional libraries and archives, Otlet began to imagine a radically new way of organizing information, and undertook his life's great work: a universal bibliography of all the world's published knowledge that ultimately totaled more than 12 million individual entries. That effort eventually evolved into the Mundaneum, a vast "city of knowledge" that opened its doors to the public in 1921 to widespread attention. Like many ambitious dreams, however, Otlet's eventually faltered, a victim to technological constraints and political upheaval in Europe on the eve of World War II. Wright tells not just the story of a failed entrepreneur, but the story of a powerful idea - the dream of universal knowledge - that has captivated humankind since before the great Library at Alexandria. Cataloging the World explores this story through the prism of today's digital age, considering the intellectual challenge and tantalizing vision of Otlet's digital universe that in some ways seems far more sophisticated than the Web as we know it today.
-
Sveistrup, H.: ¬Der neue Realkatalog der SUB Hamburg (1947)
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- Source
- Probleme des Wiederaufbaus im wissenschaftlichen Bibliothekswesen: aus d. Verhandlungen des 1. Bibliothekartagung der britischen Zone in Hamburg vom 22.-24.10.1946
-
Riplinger, T.: ¬Die Bedeutung der Methode Eppelsheimer für Theorie und Praxis der bibliothekarischen und der dokumentarischen Sacherschließung (2004)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2008 13:33:51
-
Hartmann, F.: Paul Otlets Hypermedium : Dokumentation als Gegenidee zur Bibliothek (2015)
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- Date
- 22. 8.2016 15:58:46
-
Serrai, A.: Johann Michael Franke e il catalogo della Bibliotheca Bunaviana (1750-1756) (1995)
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- Date
- 14. 7.1996 13:29:45
-
Moneda Corrochano, M. de la; López-Huertas, M.J.; Jiménez-Contreras, E.: Spanish research in knowledge organization (2002-2010) (2013)
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- Date
- 22. 2.2013 12:10:07
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Kawamura, K.: Ranganathan and after : Coates' practice and theory (2004)
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- 29. 8.2004 19:26:53
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Barber, E.E.; Tripaldi, N.M.; Pisano, S.L.: Facts, approaches, and reflections on classification in the history of Argentine librarianship (2002)
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- Date
- 29. 7.2006 19:39:21
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Van Acker, W.: Rethinking the architecture of the book : unbinding the spine of Paul Otlet's positivist encyclopaedism (2018)
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- 1. 8.2018 12:21:29
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Vom Buch zur Datenbank : Paul Otlets Utopie der Wissensvisualisierung (2012)
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- Date
- 22. 8.2016 16:06:54
-
Pettee, J.: ¬The subject approach to books and the development of the dictionary catalog (1985)
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- Footnote
- Original in: Pettee, J.: The history and theory of the alphabetical subject approach to books. New York: Wilson 1946. S.22-25.
-
Taube, M.: Functional approach to bibliographic organization : a critique and a proposal (1985)
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- Footnote
- Original in: Bibliographic organization: Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Graduate Library School, 24-29 July 1950. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press 1951. S.57-71.
