Search (11 results, page 1 of 1)

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Source

Challenges in indexing electronic text and images. Ed.: R. Fidel et al

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Abstract

To make their system quickly usable, designers often build interfaces that reflect well-known manual activities. Demonstrates how undergraduates use their mental models for print encyclopedias to develop minimal proficiency with various electronic encyclopedias. Lower performance levels in the electronic systems are due to additional cognitive load required to adapt and develop mental models for the new systems. For the fact retrieval questions used in these relativley small data bases, the hypertext encyclopedia required less cognitive load than the 2 traditional Boolean-based systems. Adaptive designs that provide multiple system images are encouraged to support more comprehensive user understanding and more varied tasks

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Abstract

An exploratory study was conducted of elementary school children searching a full-text electronic encyclopedia on CD-ROM. 28 third and forth graders and 24 sixth graders conducted 2 assigned searches, one open-ended, the other one closed, after 2 demonstration sessions. Keystrokes captured by the computer and observer notes were used to examine user information-seeking strategies from a mental model perspective. Older searchers were more successful in finding required information, and took less time than younger searchers. No differences in total number of moves were found. Analysis of search patterns showed that novices used a heuristic, highly interactive search strategy. Searchers used sentence and phrase queries, indicating unique mental models for this search system. Most searchers accepted system defaults and used the AND connective in formulating queries. Transition matrix analysis showed that younger searchers generally favoured query refining moves and older searchers fovoured examining title and text moves. Suggestions for system designers were made and future research questions were identified

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Abstract

Explores the hypothesis that using a zooming graphical interface minimizes user disorientation when reading documents in an electronic environment. 36 graduate students at the University of Maryland at College Park, USA, were randomly assigned to read a hypertext document in either Pad++, a zooming graphical interface, or Mosaic, a jump-based interface. Questionnaires, observation, and taped interviews were used to compare and evalutae the use of the 2 interfaces with regard to learning time, performance and user satisfaction. Findings suggest as workstations become more powerful, a hybrid interface that adds continuous zooming to the existing mechanisms of scroll, pan and jump will emerge

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Abstract

Presents a study that identifies and examines the roles that information-seeking expertise and domain expertise play in information seeking in full text, and user search systems. This forms part of an investigation to characterise information seeking and to determine how it is affected by interactive electronic access to primary information. Distinguishes between the approaches of search experts and domain experts. Makes recommendations for systems design

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Abstract

Information is essential to all human activity, and information in electronic form both amplifies and augments human information interactions. This lecture surveys some of the different classical meanings of information, focuses on the ways that electronic technologies are affecting how we think about these senses of information, and introduces an emerging sense of information that has implications for how we work, play, and interact with others. The evolutions of computers and electronic networks and people's uses and adaptations of these tools manifesting a dynamic space called cyberspace. Our traces of activity in cyberspace give rise to a new sense of information as instantaneous identity states that I term proflection of self. Proflections of self influence how others act toward us. Four classical senses of information are described as context for this new form of information. The four senses selected for inclusion here are the following: thought and memory, communication process, artifact, and energy. Human mental activity and state (thought and memory) have neurological, cognitive, and affective facets.The act of informing (communication process) is considered from the perspective of human intentionality and technical developments that have dramatically amplified human communication capabilities. Information artifacts comprise a common sense of information that gives rise to a variety of information industries. Energy is the most general sense of information and is considered from the point of view of physical, mental, and social state change. This sense includes information theory as a measurable reduction in uncertainty. This lecture emphasizes how electronic representations have blurred media boundaries and added computational behaviors that yield new forms of information interaction, which, in turn, are stored, aggregated, and mined to create profiles that represent our cyber identities.

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Abstract

As part of ongoing investigation of information seeking behaviour of end users in electronic environments, a comparison was made of those users having expertise in a topic area and those with expertise in online searching. Computer scientists and online search specialists conducted assigned searches in a HyperCard database on the topic of hypertext. Both groups of experts were able to conduct successful searches and outperformed a novice control group. Search specialists took slightly less time tahn the domain experts, modified queries by adding terms found in the text, and tended to focus on query formulation. Domain experts focused on the text and used their domain knowledge for further question answering

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Abstract

School library media specialists do not know which search strategies are most appropriate for the new full-text CD-ROM databases. Reports an experiment conducted to examine the effectiveness of 2 search strategies - analytical and browse strategies - for information seeking and use among high school students using an electronic full-text ancyclopedia for the search task. The experiment sought to determine whether: a short training session in a particular information strategy allows an information seeker to form an adequate mental model of the search task; and a simple 'browse' model compare favourably with a more 'analytical' model for information seeking in a full-text online environment. Both strategies proved effective for finding relevant information yet each demonstrated distinct advantages and disadvantages. Recommends that as new technologies are introduced, school library media specialists should conduct careful observations and controlled comparisons of how students use these systems

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a high-level investigation of the physical-conceptual continuum occupied by both digital and physical libraries. Design/methodology/approach - A framework is provided for thinking about the notions of place and library. The issue of materials and the ideas they represent is considered. Places for people are considered, including issues of people's sense of place in physical and digital spaces. The issue of physical and digital spaces as places for work, collaboration, and community-building is considered. Findings - As more digital libraries are built, and as more physical libraries offer electronic access to parts of their collection, two trends are likely to result: the role of the library as a storage space for materials will become decreasingly important; and the role of the library as a space for users, for individual and collaborative work, and as a space for social activity, will become increasingly important. Research limitations/implications - Digital libraries are unable to fulfill some of the functions of the physical library as physical spaces, but are able to offer functions beyond what the physical library can offer as cognitive spaces. Practical implications - Areas of likely future development for digital libraries are suggested, as vehicles for enhancing cognitive space by augmenting representations of ideas in materials. Originality/value - This paper argues that in many ways digital libraries really are places in the conceptual sense, and will continue to broaden and enrich the roles that libraries play in people's lives and in the larger social milieu.

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Date

22. 7.2006 18:04:19