Search (104 results, page 1 of 6)

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Abstract

The development of electronic publishing heralds a new period in scientific communications. Besides the obvious advantages of an almost endless storage and transport capacity, many new features come to the fore. As each technology finds its own expressions in the ways scientific communication take form, we analyse print on paper scientific articles in order to obtain the necessary ingredients for shping a new model for electronic communications. A short historical overview shows that the typical form of the present-day linear (essay-type) scientific article is the result of a technological development over the centuries. The various characteristics of print on paper are discussed and the foreseeable changes to a more modular form of communication in an electronic environment are postulated. Subsequently we take the functions of the present-day scientific article vis-à-vis the author and the reader as starting points. We then focus on the process of scientific information transfer and deal essentially with the information consumption by the reader. Different types of information, at present intermingled in the linear article, can be separated and stored in well-defined, cognitive, textual modules. To serve the scientists better in finding their way through the information overload of today, we conclude that the electronic transfer of the future will be, in essence, a transfer of well-defined, cognitive information modules. In the last part pf this article we outline the first steps towards a heuristic model for such scientific information transfer

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Date

22. 5.1999 19:55:13

Source

Electronic library. 16(1998) no.6, S.359-360

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Abstract

The new term Representation of knowledge, applied to the framework of electronic segments of information, with comprehension of new material support for information, and a review and total conceptualisation of the terminology which is being applied, entails a review of all traditional documentary practices. Therefore, a definition of the concept of Representation of knowledge is indispensable. The term representation has been used in westere cultural and intellectual tradition to refer to the diverse ways that a subject comprehends an object. Representation is a process which requires the structure of natural language and human memory whereby it is interwoven in a subject and in conscience. However, at the present time, the term Representation of knowledge is applied to the processing of electronic information, combined with the aim of emulating the human mind in such a way that one has endeavoured to transfer, with great difficulty, the complex structurality of the conceptual representation of human knowledge to new digital information technologies. Thus, nowadays, representation of knowledge has taken an diverse meanings and it has focussed, for the moment, an certain structures and conceptual hierarchies which carry and transfer information, and has initially been based an the current representation of knowledge using artificial intelligence. The traditional languages of documentation, also referred to as languages of representation, offer a structured representation of conceptual fields, symbols and terms of natural and notational language, and they are the pillars for the necessary correspondence between the object or text and its representation. These correspondences, connections and symbolisations will be established within the electronic framework by means of different models and of the "goal" domain, which will give rise to organisations, structures, maps, networks and levels, as new electronic documents are not compact units but segments of information. Thus, the new representation of knowledge refers to data, images, figures and symbolised, treated, processed and structured ideas which replace or refer to documents within the framework of technical processing and the recuperation of electronic information.

Date

2. 1.2005 18:22:25

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Abstract

The intellectual level of debate about electronic information is low. There is an assumption that universal electronics would revolutionise the world's information structure. Looks at fundamental issues confronting information provision and the dissemination of knowledge such as quality, cost, relevance, overload and retrieval, with a reminder about information and civil rights

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Source

Electronic library. 13(1995) no.1, S.57-62

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Abstract

Technological changes are occuring rapidly and students entering colleges are bringing very disparate computer skills and attitudes. Some students are reluctant to embrace new technologies, others demand electronic resources for all assignments. By considering the computer access and Internet resources available to elementary school students today, it is possible to imagine what tomorrow's users will expect from libraries. Although college students may arrive at libraries with increased computer skills, their knowledge of electronic information may be lacking. Defines information literacy with an overview of information literacy skills. The Digital Information Literacy programme at Texas University at Austin serves as a case study for integrating information literacy skills into traditional services and partnerships

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Date

22. 7.2000 19:01:22

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Abstract

An exploratory study was conducted of elementary school children searching a full-text electronic encyclopedia on CD-ROM. 28 third and forth graders and 24 sixth graders conducted 2 assigned searches, one open-ended, the other one closed, after 2 demonstration sessions. Keystrokes captured by the computer and observer notes were used to examine user information-seeking strategies from a mental model perspective. Older searchers were more successful in finding required information, and took less time than younger searchers. No differences in total number of moves were found. Analysis of search patterns showed that novices used a heuristic, highly interactive search strategy. Searchers used sentence and phrase queries, indicating unique mental models for this search system. Most searchers accepted system defaults and used the AND connective in formulating queries. Transition matrix analysis showed that younger searchers generally favoured query refining moves and older searchers fovoured examining title and text moves. Suggestions for system designers were made and future research questions were identified

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Abstract

Presents a sceptical review of the past 12 years of development of electronic information and looks forward to the next 12. On the positive side, 12 years of development mean that we now have: much more information available; better presentation of that information; better access to it, on balance; and a better understanding of information value. On the negative side, we now have: more expectations than we can deliver; a belief that a simple 'point and click' interface is available information; overselling of information; and new players threatening some of the older ones. Issues involving change in the future include: information ownership and users', authors' and distribuors' rights; new methods for managing information; dealing with information overload and filtering information for users; managing information in multiple modes; and organizing the payment for information delivered in multiple modes and through multiple channels

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Abstract

Criticizes the current processes of information management, with the objective of arriving at a new concept of the electronic document. Discusses problems of human language in the context of information management. Examines the problem of information from the point of view of the structure of knowledge, by analysing dysfunction in current processes of information management. Proposes a model of knowledge nearer to the human mind called 'document hypertext'. A combined interface of information management id also applicable in studies of hardware, graphic interfaces and metaphors of visualization of information. The current excessive fragmentation and artificial treatment of information structures could be avoided by simplifying of processes of information management and creating integral interfaces that bring information systems closer to the user

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The new electronic document: from the relational table to the hyperdocument

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Abstract

The government world currently lags behind the business world in feeling the effects of the information technology revolution and related innovations in organization, but this may change in the decades ahead. Puts forward the idea of 'cyberocracy' to discuss how the development of, demand for, and access to, future electronic information and communications infrastructures (i.e. cyberspace) may alter the nature of the bureaucracy. The outcomes may include new forms of democratic, totalitarian, and hybrid governments. Optimism about the information revolution should be tempered

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Abstract

Considers the relationship between traditional forms of knowledge and electronic digitised formats. Suggests a new concept of knowledge is emerging as a result of the potential of computer networks, which will be a generative rather than a consumption model, in which knowledge is no longer associated with fixed structures of ideas embodied in printed text. Argues this points more in the direction of an 'access' rather than a 'holdings' model for the library of the future, with an expanded role for librarians as 'knowledge mediators'

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Source

Electronic library. 14(1996) no.6, S.509-514

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Abstract

Chapter 7 of 'University libraries and scholarly communication', a study prepared for the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The transition from a print technology to an electronic technology has led to fundamental changes in how the nature of information is perceived. The characteristics of print have had profoundly important implications for the storage and dissemination of information, for the role publishers play in the process of scholarly communication, and for the acquisitions practices of research libraries. The information technologies of the late 20th century compel a rethink of the most basic assumptions underlying the process of research and scholarly communication

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Source

Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]

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Source

http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_

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Abstract

I have become "brutally honest" of late, at least according to one listener who heard my remarks during a recent whistle stop speaking tour of publishing conventions. This comment caught me a little off guard. Not that I haven't always been frank, but I do try never to be brutal. The truth, I guess, can be painful, even if the intention of the teller is simply objectivity. This paper is based on a "brutally honest" talk I have been giving to publishers, first, in February, to the Association of American Publishers' Professional and Scholarly Publishing Division, at which point I was calling the piece, "The Illusion of Free Information." It was this initial rendition that led to the invitation to publish something here. Since then I've been working on the talk. I gave a second version of it in March to the assembly of the American Society of Information Dissemination Centers, where I called it, "When Sectors Clash: Public Access vs. Private Interest." And, most recently, I gave yet a third version of it to the governing board of the American Institute of Physics. This time I called it: "The Future of Society Publishing." The notion of free information, our government's proper role in distributing free information, and the future of scholarly publishing in a world of free information . . . these are the issues that are floating around in my head. My goal here is to tell you where my thinking is only at this moment, for I reserve the right to continue thinking and developing new permutations on this mentally challenging theme.

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Abstract

The study of information needs has long be acknowlegded as one of the most important factors in the design of information services but has been hampered by the severe problem of designing user studies that will reliably measure them. Reviews the literature of previous research in this field, concluding that time and money are the chief constraints on information seeking behaviour. Describes a new observational technique for identifying the information needs of users and reports results of a small scale experiment to test the methodology. The observational technique involves the researcher being with the subject continuously throughout the day and observing their actions. The behaviour recorded was any action taken in order to answer a question. A small scale study was undertaken of 3 academics from the Psychology Department, University of Strathclyde, using the observational technique. The preferred technique of all the academics was to carry out their own research, followed by consultation with other individuals. One lecturer was a significantly heavier user of electronic media than the other two. The preferred physical locations of the information sources were personal collections and the University Library. One lecturer consistently used a wide range of sources while the other two strongly preferred to use personal contacts. Informal sources were found to be twice as popular as formal sources. A follow up questionnaire survey examined the possibility that previous training in the use of the library could explain the differences in the use of electronic information sources but results were found to be negative. Concludes that the new research tool developed for this type of study is both robust and likely to yield reliable information about user information needs

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Abstract

The history of civilisation is inextricably bound up with the development of methods of recording and transmitting individual experience to successive generations. Collective memory becomes possible because of the development firstly of writing, then of printing. Now, with new media and methods for storing and transmitting information, and new techniques for facilitating access, collective memory refers not only to the evidence of the past, but to the collective experience of individuals in the present: in electronic systems where texts are encoded and decoded by machines, the reader is not obliged to follow an apriori linear approach, but can navigate freely and evade the confines of the original structure

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Abstract

Discusses the claim that the information age has given way to a new communication age. Defines information as that which informs, that which conveys meaning, data, or knowledge from one being to another. But if the human information recipient does not receive that information cognitively, the information message is not used to advantage. The user is not informed, but becomes merely a target for the communication ordained by the sender. Considers the trend to evaluate information on the basis of its entertainment value which can degrade information, as information. Libraries must help to ensure that information trasnfer can be effectively, efficiently, and intellectually provided in the midst of the electronic gaming and amusement interest