Search (55 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

The development of electronic publishing heralds a new period in scientific communications. Besides the obvious advantages of an almost endless storage and transport capacity, many new features come to the fore. As each technology finds its own expressions in the ways scientific communication take form, we analyse print on paper scientific articles in order to obtain the necessary ingredients for shping a new model for electronic communications. A short historical overview shows that the typical form of the present-day linear (essay-type) scientific article is the result of a technological development over the centuries. The various characteristics of print on paper are discussed and the foreseeable changes to a more modular form of communication in an electronic environment are postulated. Subsequently we take the functions of the present-day scientific article vis-à-vis the author and the reader as starting points. We then focus on the process of scientific information transfer and deal essentially with the information consumption by the reader. Different types of information, at present intermingled in the linear article, can be separated and stored in well-defined, cognitive, textual modules. To serve the scientists better in finding their way through the information overload of today, we conclude that the electronic transfer of the future will be, in essence, a transfer of well-defined, cognitive information modules. In the last part pf this article we outline the first steps towards a heuristic model for such scientific information transfer

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Date

22. 5.1999 19:55:13

Source

Electronic library. 16(1998) no.6, S.359-360

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LCSH

Electronic digital computers

Subject

Electronic digital computers

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Abstract

The intellectual level of debate about electronic information is low. There is an assumption that universal electronics would revolutionise the world's information structure. Looks at fundamental issues confronting information provision and the dissemination of knowledge such as quality, cost, relevance, overload and retrieval, with a reminder about information and civil rights

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Source

Electronic library. 13(1995) no.1, S.57-62

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Abstract

Technological changes are occuring rapidly and students entering colleges are bringing very disparate computer skills and attitudes. Some students are reluctant to embrace new technologies, others demand electronic resources for all assignments. By considering the computer access and Internet resources available to elementary school students today, it is possible to imagine what tomorrow's users will expect from libraries. Although college students may arrive at libraries with increased computer skills, their knowledge of electronic information may be lacking. Defines information literacy with an overview of information literacy skills. The Digital Information Literacy programme at Texas University at Austin serves as a case study for integrating information literacy skills into traditional services and partnerships

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Date

22. 7.2000 19:01:22

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Abstract

Presents a sceptical review of the past 12 years of development of electronic information and looks forward to the next 12. On the positive side, 12 years of development mean that we now have: much more information available; better presentation of that information; better access to it, on balance; and a better understanding of information value. On the negative side, we now have: more expectations than we can deliver; a belief that a simple 'point and click' interface is available information; overselling of information; and new players threatening some of the older ones. Issues involving change in the future include: information ownership and users', authors' and distribuors' rights; new methods for managing information; dealing with information overload and filtering information for users; managing information in multiple modes; and organizing the payment for information delivered in multiple modes and through multiple channels

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Abstract

Criticizes the current processes of information management, with the objective of arriving at a new concept of the electronic document. Discusses problems of human language in the context of information management. Examines the problem of information from the point of view of the structure of knowledge, by analysing dysfunction in current processes of information management. Proposes a model of knowledge nearer to the human mind called 'document hypertext'. A combined interface of information management id also applicable in studies of hardware, graphic interfaces and metaphors of visualization of information. The current excessive fragmentation and artificial treatment of information structures could be avoided by simplifying of processes of information management and creating integral interfaces that bring information systems closer to the user

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The new electronic document: from the relational table to the hyperdocument

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Abstract

The government world currently lags behind the business world in feeling the effects of the information technology revolution and related innovations in organization, but this may change in the decades ahead. Puts forward the idea of 'cyberocracy' to discuss how the development of, demand for, and access to, future electronic information and communications infrastructures (i.e. cyberspace) may alter the nature of the bureaucracy. The outcomes may include new forms of democratic, totalitarian, and hybrid governments. Optimism about the information revolution should be tempered

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Abstract

Considers the relationship between traditional forms of knowledge and electronic digitised formats. Suggests a new concept of knowledge is emerging as a result of the potential of computer networks, which will be a generative rather than a consumption model, in which knowledge is no longer associated with fixed structures of ideas embodied in printed text. Argues this points more in the direction of an 'access' rather than a 'holdings' model for the library of the future, with an expanded role for librarians as 'knowledge mediators'

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Source

Electronic library. 14(1996) no.6, S.509-514

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Abstract

Chapter 7 of 'University libraries and scholarly communication', a study prepared for the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The transition from a print technology to an electronic technology has led to fundamental changes in how the nature of information is perceived. The characteristics of print have had profoundly important implications for the storage and dissemination of information, for the role publishers play in the process of scholarly communication, and for the acquisitions practices of research libraries. The information technologies of the late 20th century compel a rethink of the most basic assumptions underlying the process of research and scholarly communication

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Abstract

The study of information needs has long be acknowlegded as one of the most important factors in the design of information services but has been hampered by the severe problem of designing user studies that will reliably measure them. Reviews the literature of previous research in this field, concluding that time and money are the chief constraints on information seeking behaviour. Describes a new observational technique for identifying the information needs of users and reports results of a small scale experiment to test the methodology. The observational technique involves the researcher being with the subject continuously throughout the day and observing their actions. The behaviour recorded was any action taken in order to answer a question. A small scale study was undertaken of 3 academics from the Psychology Department, University of Strathclyde, using the observational technique. The preferred technique of all the academics was to carry out their own research, followed by consultation with other individuals. One lecturer was a significantly heavier user of electronic media than the other two. The preferred physical locations of the information sources were personal collections and the University Library. One lecturer consistently used a wide range of sources while the other two strongly preferred to use personal contacts. Informal sources were found to be twice as popular as formal sources. A follow up questionnaire survey examined the possibility that previous training in the use of the library could explain the differences in the use of electronic information sources but results were found to be negative. Concludes that the new research tool developed for this type of study is both robust and likely to yield reliable information about user information needs

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Abstract

The history of civilisation is inextricably bound up with the development of methods of recording and transmitting individual experience to successive generations. Collective memory becomes possible because of the development firstly of writing, then of printing. Now, with new media and methods for storing and transmitting information, and new techniques for facilitating access, collective memory refers not only to the evidence of the past, but to the collective experience of individuals in the present: in electronic systems where texts are encoded and decoded by machines, the reader is not obliged to follow an apriori linear approach, but can navigate freely and evade the confines of the original structure

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Abstract

Discusses the claim that the information age has given way to a new communication age. Defines information as that which informs, that which conveys meaning, data, or knowledge from one being to another. But if the human information recipient does not receive that information cognitively, the information message is not used to advantage. The user is not informed, but becomes merely a target for the communication ordained by the sender. Considers the trend to evaluate information on the basis of its entertainment value which can degrade information, as information. Libraries must help to ensure that information trasnfer can be effectively, efficiently, and intellectually provided in the midst of the electronic gaming and amusement interest

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Abstract

Summarises of a selection of the presentations and workshops under one of the main themes at the Association of Swiss Libraries and Librarians congress held in Yverdon, Sept 1998. Sessions covered comprise: the evolution of Diderot's Encyclopedia (presentation of the confluence of oral and written traditions, in relation to the network of informal contacts underpinning this 18th century work); influence of the written work on our cultural tradition in relation to access to new means of communication (presentation on the respective roles of ideogrammatic and phonomatic representation, and the role of the book as bridge to other media); typographical ornamentation on the Internet (workshop on identifying the provenance of printed material and the Passe-Partout ornament bank, which uses new technology to create a metacatalogue); and publishing memory (workshop on a Swiss foundation seeking to promote, preserve and disseminate contemporary publishing

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Abstract

As part of ongoing investigation of information seeking behaviour of end users in electronic environments, a comparison was made of those users having expertise in a topic area and those with expertise in online searching. Computer scientists and online search specialists conducted assigned searches in a HyperCard database on the topic of hypertext. Both groups of experts were able to conduct successful searches and outperformed a novice control group. Search specialists took slightly less time tahn the domain experts, modified queries by adding terms found in the text, and tended to focus on query formulation. Domain experts focused on the text and used their domain knowledge for further question answering