Search (1400 results, page 1 of 70)

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COMPASS

Epistemology

Footnote

Bereits 1991 bei Kluwer publiziert // Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.48-49 (O. Sechser)

Subject

Epistemology

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Abstract

"This book is at once a fine introduction and a significant contribution to contemporary epistemology. In addition to elaborating and persuasively defending a position of her own which adroitly steers between the Scylla of apriorism and the Charybdis of scientism, Susan Haack discusses and makes powerful and highly detailed criticism of the views of a range of contemporary philosophers - Sir Karl Popper, W.V.O. Quine, Richard Rorty, Alvin Goldman, and Paula and Patricia Churchland, among others - criticism to which these philosophers and their numerous admirers will have to reply"

COMPASS

Epistemology

Subject

Epistemology

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Abstract

Positivist concepts of knowledge, meaning, and communication, dominant within the discourse of library and information science, are facing a crisis in that they are unable adequately to characterize and structure the experience of interacting with and within the modern academic library. Addresses the issue of epistemology and library and information science by considering Michel Foucault's (1967/1977) essay 'La bibliothèque fantastique': is a work of literary criticism rather than a 'scientific' analysis. The usefulness of considering the library experience from the point of view of literary criticism lies in its potential to provide an alternative perspective from which the rationalistic assumptions of a positivistic epistemology can be foregrounded, transcended, and critiqued, along with the conception of the academic library which it supports

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Abstract

Discusses classification as a central resource of human informational activity and as a central aspect of research for many sciences. Argues that thinking about the background of classification can help improve, or at least clarify, the practical tasks of documentary workers and librarians. Discusses the relationship and gaps between cognitive science and information science, and considers the contributions of epistemology and cognitive psychology; in particular, focuses on the role of the latter in the development of an integrative theory of classification

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Abstract

In relation to indexing, one of the chief implications of cognitive epistemology is the necessity for redefining knowledge representation concepts for information filing and retrieval purposes. Such a redefinition involves abandoning the traditional, hierarchical, closed-structure classification model. Considers the following in detail: a semiotic critique of classification principles; Ranganathan's classification theory; Ranganathan and cognitive epistemology; and some reflections on the DDC and the Bliss Bibliographic Classification

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Abstract

Intended is first of all a preliminary review of the implications that the new approaches to the theory of classification, mainly from cognitive psychology and epistemology may have for information work and research. As a secondary topic the scientific relations existing among information science, epistemology and the cognitive sciences are discussed. Classification is seen as a central activity in all daily and scientific activities, and, of course, of knowledge organization in information services. There is a mutual implication between classification and conceptualization, as the former moves in a natural way to the latter and the best result elaborated for classification is the concept. Research in concept theory is a need for a theory of classification. In this direction it is of outstanding importance to integrate the achievements of 'natural concept formation theory' (NCFT) as an alternative approach to conceptualization different from the traditional one of logicians and problem solving researchers. In conclusion both approaches are seen as being complementary: the NCFT approach being closer to the user and the logical one being more suitable for experts, including 'expert systems'

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Abstract

HYPERJOSEPH combines hypertext, information retrieval, literary studies, Bibliocal scholarship, and linguistics. Dialectically, this paper contrasts hypertextual form (the extant tool) and AI-captured content (a desideratum), in the HYPERJOSEPH project. The discussion is more general and oriented to epistemology

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Abstract

For most of its modern history library and information science has been governed by the mode of thinking best characterized as positivism. This epistemology, shared with most of the social sciences for some time, features the quest for universal laws and the reduction of all phenomena, including behavioral, cognitive, and so on, to the physical, among other elements. This means to knowledge is unworkable for this field; a prposed replacement for it is hermeneutical phenomenology. This article outlines the elements of a revised epistemological approach that seeks an understanding of the essences of things (such as the library) and that takes into account, among other things, the intentional stances of the human actors within the realm of library and information science. Such a re-formated epistemology allows for a different set of questions asked and a different approach to answering them

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Abstract

This paper is put up to enter into a discussion about the theses of Peter Jaenecke in KO 94-1. Jaenecke's differentiation of knowledge as 'core knowledge', 'peripheral knowledge' and 'pseudo knowledge' is rejected, since his conception of knowledge is limited to a particular epistemology and knowledge domain. The author argues in favor of an epistemologically open conception of knowledge organization considering knowldge organization as a user-supporting but not as a user and producer controlling task

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Abstract

Discusses the way in which the state of conceptual disarray of the field of knowledge use has contributed to the problems of the dissemination and use of knowledge and presents a study of the nature of knowledge in a critical realist epistemology that has resulted in a reconceptualization of knowledge use from a postmodern critical theorist perspective

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Abstract

Recent advances in the neurosciences have begun to elucidate how some fundamental mechanisms of nervous systems activity can explain human information processing and the acquisition of knowledge. Some of these findings are consistent with a cognitive view of constructivist models of learning and provide additional theoretical support for constructivist applications to science education reform. Current thought at the interface between neurocognitive research and constructivist philosophy is summarized here and discussed in a context of implications for scientific epistemology and conceptual change processes in science education

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Abstract

In the literature of knowledge organization, metaphors and images such as 'tree of knowledge', 'map of knowledge' or the 'world as a network' play an important role. This imagery - although not yet thouroughly documented - should be examined from the various points of view of epistemology, the typology of metaphoers, discourse analysis, metaphorology and iconography. The crucial point: Not only knowledge as such, but also its organization, is an essential part of our cultural heritage

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Abstract

Knowledge engineering research has shifted from the transfer, expert driven metaphor for system development to an interpretative, model driven metaphor. Examines the relationship between these 2 metaphors and introduces a 3rd: constructive, problem driven engineering. Postulates a theoretical construction of the interrelationships between in terms of the epistemology of expertise, the engineering process, and representational issues. The constructive apporach is further illuminated with example systems, and a set of guidelines for applying the constructive approach is provided

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Abstract

Defends the systematic introduction of formal ontological principles in the current practice of knowledge engineering, and explores the various relationships between ontology and knowledge representatiom. Presents recent trends in this research area. Compares the dichotomy between reasoning and representation to the philosophical distinction between epistemology and ontology. Introduces the notion of the ontological level, intermediate between the epistemological and conceptual levels as a way to characterize a knowledge representation formalism taking into account the intended meaning of its primitives

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Abstract

Considers how conceptual strucutres in knowledge organization may be considered to be the only way of representing documentary information. Discusses conceptual structure and representative structure; textual sciences; cognitive psychology; computer science; artificial intelligence; epistemology with an emphasis on the Conceptual Dependence theory of Schank and Abelson; and linguistic, logical and psycho-cognitive models

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Abstract

Information may be defined as the characteristics of the output of a process, these being informative about the process and the input. This discipline independent definition may be applied to all domains, from physics to epistemology. Hierarchies of processes linked together, provide a communication channel between each of the corresponding functions and layers in the hierarchies. Models of communication, perception, observation, belief, and knowledge are suggested that are consistent with this conceptual framework of information as the value of the output of any process in a hierarchy of processes. Misinformation and errors are considered

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Abstract

This book is the final version of a course on algorithmic information theory and the epistemology of mathematics and physics. It discusses Einstein and Gödel views of the nature of mathematics in the light of information theory, and sustains the thesis that mathematics is quasi-empirical. There is a foreword by Cris Calude of the University of Auckland, and supplementary material is available at the autor web site

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Abstract

States that it can be shown that claims of a lack of theories of citation are also indicative of a great need for a theory which links science dynamics and measurement. There is a wide gap between qualitative (science dynamics) and quantitative (measurement) approaches. To link them, proposes the use of the citation system, that potentially bridges a gap between measurement and epistemology, by applying system theory to the publication system

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Footnote

Rez. in: Mathematical intelligencer 27(2005) no.4, S.48-56 (J. Petitot): "What exactly is the type of reality of mathematical ideal entities? This problem remains largely an open question. Any ontology of abstract entities will encounter certain antinomies which have been well known for centuries if not millennia. These antinomies have led the various schools of contemporary epistemology increasingly to deny any reality to mathematical ideal objects, structures, constructions, proofs, and to justify this denial philosophically, thus rejecting the spontaneous naive Platonism of most professional mathematicians. But they throw out the baby with the bath water. Contrary to such figures as Poincaré, Husserl, Weyl, Borel, Lebesgue, Veronese, Enriques, Cavaillès, Lautman, Gonseth, or the late Gödel, the dominant epistemology of mathematics is no longer an epistemology of mathematical content. For quite serious and precise philosophical reasons, it refuses to take into account what the great majority of creative brilliant mathematicians consider to be the true nature of mathematical knowledge. And yet, to quote the subtitle of Hao Wang's (1985) book Beyond Analytic Philosophy, one might well ask whether the imperative of any valid epistemology should not be "doing justice to what we know." The remarkable debate Conversations an Mind, Matter, and Mathematics between Alain Connes and JeanPierre Changeux, both scientific minds of the very first rank and professors at the College de France in Paris, takes up the old question of the reality of mathematical idealities in a rather new and refreshing perspective. To be sure, since it is designed to be accessible to a wide audience, the debate is not framed in technical terms; the arguments often employ a broad brush and are not always sufficiently developed. Nevertheless, thanks to the exceptional standing of the protagonists, the debate manages to be compelling and relevant. ...