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  1. Fallis, D.: Social epistemology and information science (2006) 0.26
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    Date
    13. 7.2008 19:22:28
  2. Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004) 0.10
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    Content
    Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
    Date
    8. 1.2013 10:22:32
  3. Lemos, N.M.: ¬An introduction to the theory of knowledge (2007) 0.09
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    Abstract
    Epistemology or the theory of knowledge is one of the cornerstones of analytic philosophy, and this book provides a clear and accessible introduction to the subject. It discusses some of the main theories of justification, including foundationalism, coherentism, reliabilism, and virtue epistemology. Other topics include the Gettier problem, internalism and externalism, skepticism, the problem of epistemic circularity, the problem of the criterion, a priori knowledge, and naturalized epistemology. Intended primarily for students taking a first class in epistemology, this lucid and well-written text would also provide an excellent introduction for anyone interested in knowing more about this important area of philosophy.
    Content
    Knowledge, truth, and justification -- The traditional analysis and the Gettier problem -- Foundationalism -- The coherence theory of justification -- Reliabilism and virtue epistemology -- Internalism, externalism, and epistemic circularity -- Skepticism -- The problem of the criterion -- The a priori -- Naturalized epistemology
  4. Zandonade, T.: Social epistemology from Jesse Shera to Steve Fuller (2004) 0.09
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    Abstract
    This article examines the project of Jesse Hauk Shera (1903-82), carried out originally in association with his colleague Margaret Egan, of formulating an epistemological foundation for a library science in which bibliography, librarianship, and the then newly emerging ideas about documentation would be integrated. The scholarly orientation and research agenda of the University of Chicago's Graduate Library School provided an appropriate context for his work for social epistemology, though this work was continued long after he left the University of Chicago. A short time after his death, a group of philosophers that included Steve Fuller (1959- ) began to study the collective nature of knowledge. Fuller, independently of Shera, identified, named, and developed a program of social epistemology, a vehicle for which was a new journal he was responsible for creating in 1987, Social Epistemology. Fuller described his program as an intellectual movement of broad cross-disciplinary provenance that attempted to reconstruct the problem of epistemology once knowledge is regarded as intrinsically social. Fuller, like other philosophers interested in this area, acknowledges the work of Shera.
  5. Furner, J.: "A brilliant mind" : Margaret Egan and social epistemology (2004) 0.08
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    Abstract
    Margaret Egan (1905-59) taught at the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago (1946-55) and at the School of Library Science at Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio (1955-59). With her colleague Jesse Shera, Egan wrote "Foundations of a Theory of Bibliography" for Library Quarterly in 1952; this article marked the first appearance of the term "social epistemology." After Egan's death, Shera has often been credited for the idea of social epistemology. However, there is ample evidence to show that it was Egan who originated the concept-one that is commonly viewed as fundamental to the theoretical foundations of library and information science.
  6. Tennis, J.T.: Epistemology, theory, and methodology in knowledge organization : toward a classification, metatheory, and research framework (2008) 0.07
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    Abstract
    This paper proposes a preliminary classification of knowledge organization research, divided among epistemology, theory, and methodology plus three sphere of research: design, study, and critique. This work is situated in a metatheoretical framework, drawn from sociological thought. Example works are presented along with preliminary classification. The classification is then briefly described as a comparison tool which can be used to demonstrate overlap and divergence in cognate discourses of knowledge organization (such as ontology engineering).
  7. Fallis, D.: Toward an epistemology of Wikipedia (2008) 0.07
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    Abstract
    Wikipedia (the free online encyclopedia that anyone can edit) is having a huge impact on how a great many people gather information about the world. So, it is important for epistemologists and information scientists to ask whether people are likely to acquire knowledge as a result of having access to this information source. In other words, is Wikipedia having good epistemic consequences? After surveying the various concerns that have been raised about the reliability of Wikipedia, this article argues that the epistemic consequences of people using Wikipedia as a source of information are likely to be quite good. According to several empirical studies, the reliability of Wikipedia compares favorably to the reliability of traditional encyclopedias. Furthermore, the reliability of Wikipedia compares even more favorably to the reliability of those information sources that people would be likely to use if Wikipedia did not exist (viz., Web sites that are as freely and easily accessible as Wikipedia). In addition, Wikipedia has a number of other epistemic virtues (e.g., power, speed, and fecundity) that arguably outweigh any deficiency in terms of reliability. Even so, epistemologists and information scientists should certainly be trying to identify changes (or alternatives) to Wikipedia that will bring about even better epistemic consequences. This article suggests that to improve Wikipedia, we need to clarify what our epistemic values are and to better understand why Wikipedia works as well as it does. Somebody who reads Wikipedia is rather in the position of a visitor to a public restroom, says Mr. McHenry, Britannica's former editor. It may be obviously dirty, so that he knows to exercise great care, or it may seem fairly clean, so that he may be lulled into a false sense of security. What he certainly does not know is who has used the facilities before him. One wonders whether people like Mr. McHenry would prefer there to be no public lavatories at all. The Economist (Vol. 379, April 22, 2006, pp. 14-15)
  8. Fuller, S.: Social epistemology (2009) 0.06
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    Abstract
    "Social epistemology" is the social theory or social science of knowledge. After the field's bases in the Anglophone and Continental philosophical traditions are briefly explored, social epistemology's relevance to library and information science (LIS) is established. LIS presumes that knowledge is both an inherently collective product that ought to be made universally available. This is exemplified in the traditionally iconic status of the library. However, the library began to lose its salience in the Cold War, with the massification, technologization, and instrumentalization of knowledge, now renamed "information" to stress its relativity to decision-making contexts. The resulting stress on user-friendly information intensified after the Cold War, with the rise of neoliberalism. In this context, LIS has stood out in reasserting at a practical level the traditional universalist goals of social epistemology. In particular, Don Swanson's work on "undiscovered public knowledge" appears as a major achievement in applied social epistemology and a blow for "epistemic justice." It demonstrates the utility of breaking of default information search patterns that systematically neglect relevant literature in other fields. In the final section, Wikipedia is discussed as a self-organizing experiment in achieving the same effect by refusing to respect any claims to epistemic privilege.
  9. Day, R.E.: Clearing up "Implicit Knowledge" : implications for knowledge management, information science, psychology, and social epistemology (2005) 0.06
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    Abstract
    "Implicit knowledge" and "tacit knowledge" in Knowledge Management (KM) are important, often synonymous, terms. In KM they often refer to private or personal knowledge that needs to be made public. The original reference of "tacit knowledge" is to the work of the late scientist and philosopher, Michael Polanyi (Polanyi, 1969), but there is substantial evidence that the KM discourse has poorly understood Polanyi's term. Two theoretical problems in Knowledge Management's notion of "implicit knowledge," which undermine empirical work in this area, are examined. The first problem involves understanding the term "knowledge" according to a folk-psychology of mental representation to model expression. The second is epistemological and social: understanding Polanyi's term, tacit knowing as a psychological concept instead of as an epistemological problem, in general, and one of social epistemology and of the epistemology of the sciences, in particular. Further, exploring Polanyi's notion of tacit knowing in more detail yields important insights into the role of knowledge in science, including empirical work in information science. This article has two parts: first, there is a discussion of the folk-psychology model of representation and the need to replace this with a more expressionist model. In the second part, Polanyi's concept of tacit knowledge in relation to the role of analogical thought in expertise is examined. The works of philosophers, particularly Harre and Wittgenstein, are brought to bear an these problems. Conceptual methods play several roles in information science that cannot satisfactorily be performed empirically at all or alone. Among these roles, such methods may examine historical issues, they may critically engage foundational assumptions, and they may deploy new concepts. In this article the last two roles are examined.
  10. Hjoerland, B.: Epistemology and the socio-cognitive persepctive in information science (2002) 0.05
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    Abstract
    This article presents a socio-cognitive perspective in relation to information science (IS) and information retrieval (IR). The differences between traditional cognitive views and the socio-cognitive or domain-analytic view are outlined. It is claimed that, given elementary skills in computer-based retrieval, people are basically interacting with representations of subject literatures in IR. The kind of knowledge needed to interact with representations of subject literatures is discussed. It is shown how different approaches or "paradigms" in the represented literature imply different information needs and relevance criteria (which users typically cannot express very well, which is why IS cannot primarily rely on user studies). These principles are exemplified by comparing behaviorism, cognitivism, psychoanalysis, and neuroscience as approaches in psychology. The relevance criteria implicit in each position are outlined, and empirical data are provided to prove the theoretical claims. It is further shown that the most general level of relevance criteria is implied by epistemological theories. The article concludes that the fundamental problems of IS and IR are based in epistemology, which therefore becomes the most important allied field for IS.
  11. O'Brien, D.: ¬An introduction to the theory of knowledge (2006) 0.05
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    Abstract
    An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge guides the reader through the key issues and debates in contemporary epistemology. Lucid, comprehensive and accessible, it is an ideal textbook for students who are new to the subject and for university undergraduates. The book is divided into five parts. Part I discusses the concept of knowledge and distinguishes between different types of knowledge. Part II surveys the sources of knowledge, considering both a priori and a posteriori knowledge. Parts III and IV provide an in-depth discussion of justification and scepticism. The final part of the book examines our alleged knowledge of the past, other minds, morality and God. O'Brien uses engaging examples throughout the book, taking many from literature and the cinema. He explains complex issues, such as those concerning the private language argument, non-conceptual content, and the new riddle of induction, in a clear and accessible way. This textbook is an invaluable guide to contemporary epistemology.
  12. Dousa, T.M.: Empirical observation, rational structures, and pragmatist aims : epistemology and method in Julius Otto Kaiser's theory of systematic indexing (2008) 0.05
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    Content
    Hjoerland's typology of the epistemological positions underlying methods for designing KO systems recognizes four basic epistemological positions: empiricism, rationalism, historicism, and pragmatism. Application of this typology to close analysis of Julius Otto Kaiser's theory of systematic indexing shows that his epistemological and methodological positions were hybrid in nature. Kaiser's epistemology was primarily empiricist and pragmatist in nature, whereas his methodology was pragmatist in aim but rationalist in mechanics. Unexpected synergy between the pragmatist and rationalist elements of Kaiser's methodology is evidenced by his stated motivations for the admission of polyhierarchy into syndetic structure. The application of Hjørland's typology to similar analyses of other KO systems may uncover other cases of epistemological-methodological eclecticism and synergy.
  13. Schrodt, R.: Tiefen und Untiefen im wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch (2008) 0.05
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    Content
    Vgl. auch: https://studylibde.com/doc/13053640/richard-schrodt. Vgl. auch: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2FGermanistik%2Fschrodt%2Fvorlesung%2Fwissenschaftssprache.doc&usg=AOvVaw1lDLDR6NFf1W0-oC9mEUJf.
  14. Currás, E.: Informationism and neural information assimilation (2006) 0.05
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    Abstract
    An epistemology, based in the information that rules our lives, is stated - Informationism - Information, or perhaps the message, reaches the brain as tiny impulses - quanta or useful information -, hitting and activating the neurones; as a consequence becoming quanta of useful information. The physical, psychic and pragmatic, etc. connotations of information are studied, including its energetic aspect; within a Cosmo vision. Among other matters, human neural evolution due to information is studied. Other neural information theories are also studied. Some definitions of information are quoted, as well as its connotations and peculiarities.
  15. Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005) 0.05
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    Content
    Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
  16. Simon, J.: Knowledge and trust in epistemology and social software / knowledge technologies (2008) 0.05
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    Content
    Recent developments in so-called knowledge technologies, social software, web2.0 or even web3.0 applications as new classes of information and communication technologies (ICT) have raised not only societal, political or economic hopes and expectations, but also epistemic ones. As in the beginnings of the internet, utopias are developed about a collective space of knowledge and a networked, open or even democratic organization of knowledge. The key features of these technologies are social networks or trust relationships between users and their exploitation for knowledge assessment. Instead of reinventing the wheel, software developers might benefit from taking a look at considerations on knowledge, sociality and trust in epistemology and related disciplines. In return, theoreticians of knowledge will surely benefit from paying closer attention to new technological developments. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is twofold: The primary goal is to identify connections between notions of trust and knowledge inherent in these social software/knowledge technologies on the one hand and theoretical conceptions of knowledge and trust on the other. Moreover, having identified various starting points. I argue for an intensified intellectual exchange between different theoretical approaches to knowledge as well as between those theoreticians and ICT developers.
  17. Smiraglia, R.P.: Further reflections on the nature of a work : introduction (2002) 0.05
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    Abstract
    The purpose of this volume is to extend our understanding of the work entity and its role in information retrieval. Basic definitions are reviewed to provide a summary of current thought about works, their role in the catalog, and the potential for better accommodating them in future information retrieval environments. A discussion of entities for information retrieval and works as entities follows. Research in knowledge organization is summarized, indicating ways in which ontology, epistemology, and semiotics have lately been used as looking glasses through which to view the social informational roles of works.
  18. Cornelius, I.: Information and Its philosophy (2004) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Three problems in relation to Luciano Floridi's work on the Philosophy of Information (PI) and the relationship of PI to Library and Information Science (LIS) are considered: the claim that LIS is a materials-based discipline, Floridi's claim about Information as a message transfer system, and his downgrading of Social Epistemology to be a subset of PI. The recent history of LIS and the practice of professional library work are examined for evidence of the basis for making claims about LIS. A view of information based on individual interpretations is preferred to Floridi's account, which is found to be too innocent of LIS practice to be accepted without revision, as is his view of LIS as an applied PI.
  19. Cornelius, I.: Quantum leaps in information retrieval (2009) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine some implications for library and information science (LIS) of the book Geometry of Information Retrieval and the associated issues that arise from it. Design/methodology/approach - The paper presents a conceptual and methodological analysis. Findings - It is found that the epistemology, methodology, and subject scope of LIS are at risk from current developments in information retrieval (IR). Research implications/limitations - The paper is limited to raising questions but not answering them: the implications are that LIS needs to revisit and enhance its methods. Originality/value - The paper is wholly original and valuable for initiating discussion.
  20. Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009) 0.04
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    Footnote
    Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.

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