Search (692 results, page 1 of 35)

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Abstract

In light of ongoing debates about ontological vs. epistemological approaches to knowledge organization (KO), this paper examines E. C. Richardson's treatment of ontology and epistemology in his theory of classification. According to Richardson, there is a natural order of things in the world accessible to human cognition, which may be expressed in two classificatory orders: evolutionary classification, which ranges classes of things from the most simple to the most complex, and logical classification, which ranges classes of things in the inverse order, from the most complex to the most simple. Evolutionary classification reflects ontological order and logical classification reflects epistemological order: both are faces of a single natural order. Such a view requires adherence to a representationalist, or, in Hjorland's (2008) terms, positivist understanding of epistemology, wherein human knowledge faithfully mirrors the structure of the external world. Richardson's harmonization of ontology and epistemology will find little favor among proponents of the currently fashionable pragmatist approach to KO. Nevertheless, it constitutes an early version of what Gnoli (2004) terms a naturalistic epistemology, which, once deepened and clarified, offers the best prospects for an explicit expression of both the ontological and epistemological dimensions of knowledge within a single classification of general scope.

Pages

S.15-22

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Abstract

The connection between epistemology, knowledge organization and the production/organization/use of knowledge is discussed in the context of the Digital Age and its media. The new characteristics of this new age and the conditions for the production/dissemination of knowledge contribute to the hegemony of the digital medium and the emergence of new epistemological changes that are also affecting knowledge organization and the construction of scientific knowledge. The new virtual realities are affecting/becoming the construction of the reality. In this new scenario full of new structures of information and knowledge to organize, dynamic organization models seem to be the best solution to avoid exclusions and invisibility, and to pursue a necessary model of integration and transculture.

Source

Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik

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Abstract

This book is an essay on the epistemology of classifications. Its main purpose is not to provide an exposition of an actual mathematical theory of classifications, that is, a general theory which would be available to any kind of them: hierarchical or non-hierarchical, ordinary or fuzzy, overlapping or not overlapping, finite or infinite, and so on, establishing a basis for all possible divisions of the real world. For the moment, such a theory remains nothing but a dream. Instead, the authors are essentially put forward a number of key questions. Their aim is rather to reveal the "state of art" of this dynamic field and the philosophy one may eventually adopt to go further. To this end they present some advances made in the course of the last century, discuss a few tricky problems that remain to be solved, and show the avenues open to those who no longer wish to stay on the wrong track. Researchers and professionals interested in the epistemology and philosophy of science, library science, logic and set theory, order theory or cluster analysis will find this book a comprehensive, original and progressive introduction to the main questions in this field.

Date

8. 9.2016 22:04:09

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore an approach to epistemology which allows a portion of library and information science (LIS) to coherently explain its social and intellectual contributions, and to overcome some of the problems of epistemology that LIS encounters. Design/methodology/approach Literature based conceptual analysis of the problems of epistemology in LIS and the productive approach of Deweyan Pragmatism. Findings LIS' problems with epistemology come from a variety of sources: epistemology itself, the combining of librarianship with information science, and the search for a common grounding of the information professions, their tools and their institutions. No such theoretical foundation is possible, but Deweyan Pragmatism offers a sensible, practical explanation for the historical development and practices of librarianship. Originality/value Pragmatism has been deployed in portions of LIS, but the full implications and the "fit" of Dewey's ideas for librarianship and its epistemology are productive explorations.

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Abstract

Domain analysis reveals the contours of knowledge in diverse discourse communities. The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) conferences represent the cutting edge of research in metadata for the digital age. Beak and Smiraglia (2013) discovered a shared epistemology revealed by co-citation perceptions of the domain, a common ontological base, social semantics, and a limited but focused intent. User groups did not emerge from that analysis, raising an interesting question about the content of core thematic extension versus a highly granular intension. We analyzed keywords from the titles by year to identify core and granular topics as they arose over time. The results showed that only 36 core keywords, e.g. "Dublin Core," "Metadata," "Linked Data," "Applications," etc. represents the domain's extension. However, there was much rich terminology among the granularity, e.g., "development," "description," "interoperability," "analysis," "applications," and "classification" and even "domain" pointed to the domain's intension.

Source

Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik

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Abstract

Recent and emerging viewpoints in embodiment and knowledge necessitate a reexamination of epistemology within and beyond the brain. Taking a sociocultural approach, this article covers two main types of epistemology beyond the brain, namely, embodied epistemology and nonindividualist epistemology. Using citizen science and music to illustrate related concepts of intuition, experience, and embodiment, this article describes intuition as a cultural system, beyond a purely individual possession. We describe how-in cultural practices such as music-intuition acts as mediator between knowledge and embodiment, and intuition is built and modified by experience over time. Building on Dick's (1999) notion of "holistic perspectivism," we pose a holistic epistemology approach that embraces knowledge that extends well beyond the purely cognitive, in both embodied situations and systemic manifestations. As information research becomes increasingly interested in the role of the body and its relationship to information, knowledge, intuition, and memory, we argue that such an approach will uncover further dimensions of nonindividualist, systemic, and embodied knowledge.

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Content

Ch. 1. Introduction: theory, knowledge organization, epistemology, culture -- ch. 3. Praxes of knowledge organization in the first Chinese library catalog, the Seven epitomes -- ch. 4. Feminist epistemologies and knowledge organization -- ch. 5. Problems and characteristics of Foucauldian discourse analysis as a research method -- ch. 6. Epistemology of domain analysis -- ch. 8. Rethinking genre in knowledge organization through a functional unit taxonomy -- Conclusions: Toward multicultural domain plurality in knowledge organization

LCSH

Social epistemology

Subject

Social epistemology

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Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fcreativechoice.org%2Fdoc%2FHansJonas.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1TM3teaYKgABL5H9yoIifA&opi=89978449.

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Abstract

This article discusses the relation between epistemology, social organization and knowledge organization. Three examples are used to show how this relation has proven to be historically stable: 1) the organization of knowledge in 18th century encyclopedias; 2) the problem of bias in the international introduction of DDC in early 20th century libraries in Scandinavia; and 3) the practice of social tagging and folksonomies in contemporary late capitalist society. By using the concept of 'materiality' and the theoretical contribution on the documentality of social objects by Maurizio Ferraris, an understanding of the character of the connection between epistemology and social order in knowledge organization systems is achieved.

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Source

http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDQQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F3131107&ei=HzFWVYvGMsiNsgGTyoFI&usg=AFQjCNE2FHUeR9oQTQlNC4TPedv4Mo3DaQ&sig2=Rlzpr7a3BLZZkqZCXXN_IA&bvm=bv.93564037,d.bGg&cad=rja

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Date

26. 8.2015 19:22:31

Footnote

"How we long to find the right words to introduce you and stir your enthusiasm for this special issue of Cataloging & Classification Quarterly--Indigenous Knowledge Organization. In these articles, we will share with you the inherent beauty in how and why Indigenous people express and fulfill their desire to learn, preserve, organize, and share knowledge. This knowledge is embedded in stories that find expression and location in libraries, archives, and museums. If we explore the situation today, we find that there have been tremendous advancements in knowledge and an unforeseeable proliferation of information. No one can grasp or master it all. This explosion often leads to a sense of fragmentation. On a fundamental level, as human beings, we yearn to understand all this. Where does the knowledge come from? Is there an inherent order to it? How do all the pieces of knowledge fit together? And what is their purpose? We propose that these are questions of philosophy, which Indigenous people have addressed. The articles in this issue range from explicit discussions of Indigenous philosophies to application of such in library, archives, and museums settings. The narratives are compelling. They are first and foremost Indigenous stories fundamentally grounded in a sense of "place" that is endemic to, and inseparable from, indigeneity. If "place" is the luminous web that holds everything "in place," it is good to introduce you to the three places that frame this issue: New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. We begin our journey in New Zealand. In "Ka Po, Ka Ao, Ka Awatea: The Interface between Epistemology and Maori Subject Headings," Lilley analyzes Maori subject headings (Nga Upoko Tukutuku) in the context of Maori philosophy. He argues that the underlying knowledge framework is based on a hierarchy of relationships that emanates from the natural order and that is critical to the understanding of Maori epistemology.
Let's journey to Great Turtle Island, for some of us, the real first name of the United States. Developing a controlled vocabulary by selecting terms and relationships that reflect Native American philosophies is the challenge that precipitated the Mashantucket Pequot Thesaurus of American Indian Terminology Project. Littletree and Metoyer examine the theoretical framework, methodology, and conceptual foundations of the Thesaurus in "Knowledge Organization from an Indigenous Perspective: The Mashantucket Pequot Thesaurus of American Indian Terminology Project." Using story as epistemology and pedagogy, the article reveals the movement of the Thesaurus from its conception to its application in the Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center. Turner's study, "Decolonizing Ethnographic Documentation: A Critical History of the Early Museum Catalogs at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History," maps the history of cataloging at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. The article uncovers the Eurocentric norms and assumptions of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that resulted in the lack of Indigenous knowledge in the museum records. As a means of addressing many of the Eurocentric biases, referenced by Turner, and Littletree and Metoyer, Duarte and Belarde-Lewis ("Imagining: Creating Spaces for Indigenous Ontologies") propose imagining as a viable alternative to misrepresentation and misinformation. They contend that imagining, as a decolonizing methodology, may assist theorists and practitioners in their efforts to accurately catalog and classify Indigenous materials in libraries, archives, and museums. These authors argue that an Indigenous community-based approach to knowledge organization may nullify inaccuracies created by misnaming and other mainstream standardization practices.

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Abstract

Cataloging and classification provide intellectual access for organizing resources in libraries. In New Zealand, bibliographic control is largely through the application of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). LCSH provide a sense of context and order. In Indigenous frameworks this sense of order can be found in the link between epistemology and knowledge structure. This article argues that the development and application of Maori subject headings is directly related to the natural order that is pivotal to a Maori worldview. The impact of this worldview and its associated values are explored in the context of the construction of Nga Upoko Tukutuku.

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Abstract

This article contrasts Paul Otlet's epistemology of documents with that of Georges Bataille's in the late 1920s and early 1930s in regard to the body parts that they assign as sites and analogues for documents. A double meaning to the notion of documents emerges, defensive and offensive of and to twentieth-century European scientific epistemology, morality, and aesthetics: documents as the full and truthful representation of reality, and documents as the material inscription of social, cultural, and physical affordances leading to the reality of irrational drives. The brain as the site of the mind is said to be the physical location given to the former, and "the body" is the physical site given to the latter, reinforcing a traditional Western anatomical psychology determined by ideational and materialist ontologies and corresponding traditional bodily tropes for "reason" and "the senses."

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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper aims to summarise a literature review undertaken to determine whether or not information taxonomy work, as a specific activity within the broader field of knowledge organisation system construction, can usefully be compared to a process of scientific enquiry. The theories of objectivity and subjectivity proposed by Helen Longino are considered, to determine their relevance to taxonomists and classification theorists. Design/methodology/approach - The review assesses and synthesises relevant best practice and theoretical literature from information science, sociology of science, and related disciplines, including linguistics, epistemology, and psychology. Findings - Although requirements of objectivity in science and in taxonomy work differ significantly, the achievement of consensus within communities is similar. This warrants development of Longino's theories for application to taxonomy work. Research limitations/implications - The potentially relevant literature represents too vast and diverse a body of scholarship for comprehensive review of every area, so a synthetic interdisciplinary approach has been taken, highlighting aspects worthy of further investigation. Practical implications - Subjectivity and objectivity are deemed significant for information taxonomists, especially regarding usability and accessibility of systems, while the sociology of science provides frameworks that could be adapted to offer methods of assessing the subjectivity and objectivity of taxonomies. This suggests much potential for developing Longino's theories into a framework or set of heuristics for taxonomy practitioners. Originality/value - Current literature on taxonomy work, as distinct from classification, categorisation, and similar topics within the broader knowledge organisation field, is scant, and academic and interdisciplinary approaches scarce. Relating the sociology of science to information taxonomy work is a novel approach. By exposing this relationship, a starting point is provided for researchers who wish to develop understanding of these fields and theoretical understanding of taxonomies and professional best practice is enhanced.

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Abstract

For virtually every major category of phenomena, science provides some standard schematic (e.g., the cross-section of the earth). The most notable exception concerns the cosmos as a whole. Project Cosmology (www.projectcosmology.net) is devoted to the presentation of such an holistic schematic. This is to be achieved by plotting the standard schematics for constituent phenomena within a three-dimensional coordinate system, time on the vertical axis and space on the other two. This produces a unification of schematics. As is discussed, this approach has the effect of allowing, more generally, an interactive unification of all graphical concept representations (schematics, graphs, formulae, tables, etc.). The result is a 3D, scientific, graphical user interface (GUI), one that is intended to map all knowledge. It can be characterized as a graphics approach to knowledge organization. It will be for scientific concepts what the Human Genome Project is to human DNA. The project is having the effect of revealing unnoticed gaps in knowledge, inconsistencies among the different sciences and apparent regularities throughout and across the various disciplines. Any such regularities would be laws relating to laws (i.e., laws relating to knowledge). The project, then , may facilitate the development of scientific epistemology (something already in process). This unification of concept representations is based on a cosmological perspective that provides a one-to-one correspondence between major entity and aspect classifications.